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  • Roy, Aki
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Risk analysis of implementing Machine Learning in construction projects2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Machine Learning has significantly influenced development across domains by leveraging incoming and existing data. However, despite its advancements, criticism persists regarding its failure to adequately address real-world problems, with the construction domain being an example. Construction sector is crucial for global economic growth, yet it remains largely unexplored, lacking sufficient research and technological utilization of its extensive data. Despite increasing publications on adapting technological advancements, the primary focus is on urging industry innovation through digitization. Recently, adopting Machine Learning to address operational challenges has gained attention. While some studies have explored potential ML integration opportunities in construction, there is a gap in understanding the factors and barriers hindering its adoption across projects. This study investigates the factors restricting organizations from implementing ML in construction projects and their consequent operational impacts.

    This study employs a comprehensive literature review of ML concepts and identifies gaps in construction data. Qualitative interviews have been conducted in a semi-structured manner with five industry professionals offering practical insights, preceding a thematic analysis of interview data. Themes are analyzed and discussed in relation to theoretical material to identify connections. Finally, a risk assessment based on identified risks is evaluated through a risk matrix. The results of this study discuss the challenges and potential benefits of implementing ML within the construction industry. The study further emphasizes the necessity of knowledge to understand project-specific datasets. With a primary focus on unstructured text and image data, the study uncovers challenges related to data inconsistency that affect data reliability. While recognizing ML’s potential to streamline construction operations, the study underscores challenges such as data security and digitalization. In summary, this study emphasizes the importance of data quality, security, and cultural transformation in harnessing ML’s capabilities to improve construction project management and operations.

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  • Vacari, Marina
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Eriksson, Cecilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Cyberhygien hos högskolestudenter - Vilka åtgärder behövs för att upprätthålla en god cyberhygien bland högskolestudenter i Sverige2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Online interaction has become an essential part of individuals' everyday lives. The Increased use of digital services has also led to an exponential growth in various cyber threats. The research shows that the human factor is one of the main causes of cyber attacks and that the end user, due to users' private usage of devices, is the target of over 95 percent of all cyber attacks. The identified causes that the research highlights are mainly: lack of knowledge. Foremost it has been shown that the sector where the most attacks took place globally was within schools and universities. There are a number of challenges that universities face when working with young adults who use their own devices for learning, where cyber security behaviors and knowledge at an individual level can vary.

    This study examines how IT students are responsible for their own cyber hygiene and what possible measures need to be implemented to increase awareness of cyber threats and maintain good cyber hygiene in everyday life among IT-students at university.

    The results of the survey show that a majority of students take active measures to manage privacy settings on their social media accounts, update software and show that they feel confident in the ability to detect potential phishing emails. But the results also show that there is a need for more knowledge about what measures students can take to maintain good cyber hygiene, as a majority of respondents believe that the knowledge is lacking. The survey shows that the students would prefer to gather new knowledge about cyber hygiene partly by looking up the information themselves, but they also state that they prefer to receive the knowledge through more structured methods such as mandatory modules, seminar preparations and online modules.

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  • Innset, Ola
    et al.
    Norwegian Business School, Department of Law and Governance.
    Åström Rudberg, Elin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economic History and International Relations.
    Varieties of Marketization: Introducing a new Framework for the Study of Market Reforms in Nordic Welfare States2024In: Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research, ISSN 1799-4691, E-ISSN 2464-4161, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 11-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article develops a new framework for the study ofmarket reforms in Nordic welfare states based on a divi-sion between “markets”, “quasi-markets” and “pseudo-markets”. The two latter types of marketization have been themost common, and the article exemplifies them by revisiting the early 1990s Swedish school reform, “Friskolere-formen”—which instigated a quasi-market for publicly funded schools run by both for-profit companies and non-profit actors—and the Norwegian hospital reform, “Foretaksreformen” of 2001—which created what we call a pseu-do-market, in which public hospitals were reorganized to mimic the structures of capitalist enterprise. By discussingthe different reforms in relation to justification, the typeof welfare state sector, and the political orientation of thegovernment implementing the reform, our study sheds new light on similarities and differences in marketizationprocesses in the Nordics. Particularly, we find that the justification for the reforms differed, with the Swedish reformbeing justified in ideological terms and the Norwegian in technocratic terms. Contrary to some literature, we holdthat marketization has fundamentally altered Nordic welfare states and the relationship between capital and societyin the Nordics, and we suggest that our framework could be used for future comparative studies of market reforms.

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    Varieties of Marketization
  • Kumblad, Linda
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre.
    Hammer, Monika
    Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet.
    Policy brief: Inkludera näringsläckaget från hästgårdar i övergödningsarbetet2024Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Hästhållning kan leda till betydande läckage av kväve och fosfor och därmed orsaka övergödning. Dessa utsläpp bör inkluderas bättre i nationella beräkningar och arbetet mot övergödning, så att åtgärder kan sättas in för att minska näringsläckaget.

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  • Enquist, Magnus
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cultural Evolution. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Systematic Zoology.
    Jansson, Fredrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cultural Evolution. Division of Mathematics and Physics, Mälardalen University; Institute for Futures Studies.
    Ghirlanda, Stefano
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cultural Evolution. Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College; Department of Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York.
    Michaud, Jérôme
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cultural Evolution. Division of Mathematics and Physics, Mälardalen University.
    Cultural traits operating in senders are driving forces of cultural evolution2024In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 291, no 2018, article id 20232110Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We introduce a mathematical model of cultural evolution to study cultural traits that shape how individuals exchange information. Current theory focuses on traits that influence the reception of information (receiver traits), such as evaluating whether information represents the majority or stems from a trusted source. Our model shifts the focus from the receiver to the sender of cultural information and emphasizes the role of sender traits, such as communicability or persuasiveness. Here, we show that sender traits are probably a stronger driving force in cultural evolution than receiver traits. While receiver traits evolve to curb cultural transmission, sender traits can amplify it and fuel the self-organization of systems of mutually supporting cultural traits, including traits that cannot be maintained on their own. Such systems can reach arbitrary complexity, potentially explaining uniquely human practical and mental skills, goals, knowledge and creativity, independent of innate factors. Our model incorporates social and individual learning throughout the lifespan, thus connecting cultural evolutionary theory with developmental psychology. This approach provides fresh insights into the trait-individual duality, that is, how cultural transmission of single traits is influenced by individuals, who are each represented as an acquired system of cultural traits.

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  • Holmberg, Emma
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of History.
    Ett delat rum Gifta kvinnors handlingsutrymme i det senmedeltida Arboga 1450–15102022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Lindqvist, Yvonne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, The Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies.
    Tre nyanser av adekvans: Om grader av källbundenhet i spänningsfältet mellan det vernakulära och det kosmopolitiska i tre svenska översättningar.2023In: Språk och stil, ISSN 1101-1165, E-ISSN 2002-4010, Vol. 33, p. 196-230Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is well known that the Swedish literary culture is open and that the most common overall translation strategy for high prestige fiction is adequate, in the Toury sense (2012 p. 70). But are there different degrees of adequacy? And do translators favor vernacular or cosmopolitan stances in their overall adequate translations? Are there any signs of commercial vernacularism on the cover of the studied Caribbean novels translated from English, French and English/Spanish? 

    By employing the transformations reduction, substitution and retention, the results of the study show that retention is by far the most used transformation by the Swedish publishers and translators, concerning both the paratexts and translated texts. Commercial vernacularism is detectable on the covers. However, the strength of retention varies within the overall adequate translations; from an adequate translation conforming to Swedish expectancy norms for trans- lated high prestige fiction, which is employed by the translator of the novel Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid, over a foreignizing translation strategy reminding the reader of the presence of the culturally Other, used by the translator of Maryse Condé’s novel Traversée de la mangrove, to the abusive fidelity translation challenging the tolerant Swedish reader’s expectancy norms and translation ethics reading the translation of The Brief and Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz. The study shows that there are three nuances of adequacy in the studied material. 

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  • Public defence: 2024-04-09 13:00 Aula NOD, NOD-huset, Kista
    Öberg, Johanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Digitala resursers påverkan på delaktighet i lärmiljöer: En studie av högstadieelevers delaktighet2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation explores the potential of digital resources to support students' participation in learning environments. The research questions focus on the student perspective on participation in formal and informal learning environments, as well as the role digital resources can play in promoting student participation in school instruction.

    Four participant-based studies investigate students' and teachers' views on how technology-enhanced learning can benefit the significant interactions that promote participation in learning environments. Students express a lack of digital resources actively supporting their participation in school compared to experiences from their personal lives. They emphasize the need for increased use of digital resources for information management and interactions in the learning process. Teachers stress the importance of being able to provide timely and specific feedback to students through digital platforms. They also express the need to visualize students' reasoning and to compile and have updated results at both individual and group levels. Both teachers and students identify the potential of digital resources to increase student participation, for example, by developing digital resources that can handle information flows and provide a common platform for interaction and collaboration. Learning is facilitated and strengthened by meaningful social participation, which needs to be related to the ongoing development of learning environments in the rapidly changing digital landscape.

    To promote student participation with the support of a technology-enhanced learning environment, a balance is required between meeting students' needs, content requirements, and teachers' challenges in conducting quality teaching with digital resources as support. The dissertation presents principles regarding the use of digital resources to promote student participation. The principles focus on accessibility, individual adaptation to different learning styles, and strengthening students' community. These principles, derived from teachers' experiences, are believed to support teachers' pedagogical practices in the aim of increasing student participation in the learning process. Teachers see many applications within technology-enhanced learning to support both student participation and engagement. However, the low availability and reliability of digital resources in schools constitute a significant barrier.

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    Digitala resursers påverkan på delaktighet i lärmiljöer: En studie av högstadieelevers delaktighet
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  • Herzfeld Olsson, Petra
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Law, Department of Law.
    Novitz, Tonia
    Access to Work for Those Seeking Asylum: Concerns Arising from British and Swedish Legal Strategies2024In: Industrial Law Journal, ISSN 0305-9332, E-ISSN 1464-3669, p. 1-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

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  • Kapodistrias, Anastasios
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Teaching and Learning.
    Airey, John
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Teaching and Learning.
    Rearranging equations for Physics reasoning; Implications on Physics Teaching & Learning.2024Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Researchers generally agree that physics experts use mathematics in a way that blends mathematical knowledge with physics intuition [1]. However, the use of mathematics in physics education has traditionally tended to focus more on the computational aspect (manipulating mathematical operations to get numerical solutions) to the detriment of building conceptual understanding and physics intuition  [2]. Several solutions to this problem have been suggested; some authors have suggested building conceptual understanding before mathematics is introduced [3], while others have argued for the inseparability of the two, claiming instead that mathematics and conceptual physics need to be taught simultaneously [4]. Although there is a body of work looking into how students employ mathematical reasoning when working with equations, the specifics of how physics experts use mathematics blended with physics intuition remain relatively underexplored. In this presentation, we describe some components of this blending, by analyzing how physicists perform the rearrangement of a specific equation in cosmology. Our data consist of five consecutive forms of rearrangement of the equation, as observed in three separate higher education cosmology courses. This rearrangement was analyzed from a conceptual reasoning perspective using Sherin’s framework of symbolic forms [5]. Our analysis demonstrates how the number of potential symbolic forms associated with each subsequent rearrangement of the equation decreases as we move from line to line. Drawing on this result, we suggest an underlying mechanism for how physicists reason with equations. This mechanism seems to consist of three components: narrowing down meaning potential, moving aspects between the background and the foreground and purposefully transforming the equation according to the discipline’s questions of interest. Finally, we discuss how being aware of the components of this underlying mechanism can potentially affect physics teachers’ practice when using mathematics in the physics classroom and demonstrate a proposed teaching sequence, based on our findings.

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  • Casal, Elizeth
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Quiero Bailar: En fallstudie om hur Ivy Queen utmanar normativa könsroller i Latinamerika och genrekonventioner i reggaetón med låten ”Quiero Bailar”2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the music genre reggaetón there has been an ideal premiering hypermasculine behaviour and narratives. The female reggaetón artist Ivy Queen has been active within the genre since the early beginnings. She has spoken about the impact it had on her, working against so many men i a masculine culture. Ivy Queen has expressed that her masculine energy has served her well in situations where people have tried to put her down for being a woman. Ivy Queen is known for challenging gender norms with different artistic expressions. She has without a doubt paved the way for today's female reggaetón artists who are using classic women's rights-messages in their songs and images. 

    This study starts of with the theories used which are queer- and intersectional feminist-theories. Then working its way in to giving context with an introduction to history of gender in Latin America in relation to colonialism and Catholicism. Here, marianismo and machismo are important themes to introduce when the study moves toward characteristics of reggaetón and giving background in Ivy Queen. 

    This study will use an audiovisual model to analyze Ivy Queens song and music video "Quiero Bailar" in relation to machismo and marianismo in Latin America, and genre conventions in reggaetón. 

    The result of this study shows us that not only does Ivy Queen choose some parts of what critics see as problematic in reggaetón and machismo and uses it to her advantage. She also breaks down hegemonic structures through usage of queer modes in voice, image, and lyrics - while keeping the music traditionally formed. 

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  • Public defence: 2024-04-08 13:00 Hörsal 3, hus B, Södra huset, Stockholm
    John, Ben Malinga
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.
    Union-Fertility Nexus and Fertility Variation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Marital Dissolution and Repartnering2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of marital dissolution and repartnering in shaping fertility patterns in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been largely overlooked, even though marital dissolution and repartnering are fundamental features of marriage dynamics in this region. This dissertation addresses this gap by using existing statistical and demographic techniques and developing new demographic methods to (i) examine the relationship between union dissolution and fertility at the micro level (Study I); (ii) assess the dynamics of union dissolution, including the levels of all-cause first union dissolution, the timing of first union dissolution, and the reproductive years spent outside of marriage due to union dissolution (Studies II & III); and (iii) analyze the influence of marital dissolution and repartnering on macro fertility patterns in SSA (Study IV). The analyses are mainly based on Demographic Health Survey data collected in 34 SSA countries since 1986. The findings show that marital dissolution is associated with reduced fertility at both the individual and the population level, and remarriage does not fully compensate for lost fertility at the individual level. The assessment of the dynamics of union dissolution indicates that union dissolution is common, it typically occurs at relatively early reproductive ages, and the number of reproductive years lost due to union dissolution is minimal. Furthermore, this dissertation documents that cross-country differences in union dissolution and repartnering rates account for 9.4% of cross-country fertility differences in SSA. In addition, the results show that changes in marital dissolution and repartnering rates and the fertility behaviour of women who experience these events mostly contributed to the slow pace of fertility decline in this region. For the SSA region (as a whole), fertility would have declined 1.24 times faster in the absence of such changes. These findings demonstrate that marital dissolution and repartnering are important drivers of fertility variation in SSA, and thus highlight the value of integrating these dynamics into the discourse on the union-fertility nexus and fertility variation in SSA and beyond.

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  • Zielinski, Josefin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    “Elefanten i rummet”: -en kvalitativ studie om hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorns bemötande av patienter med obesitas2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about destigmatization in the treatment of patients with obesity. The study is based on five semi-structured interviews with health care counselors in primary care in Region Sörmland. The theoretical approach is stigma theory based on Goffman and Meisenbach's theory of Stigma management communication (SMC). The study's main results show that the majority of the respondents know that obesity is not about "calorie in, calorie out" and that there is a lack of knowledge about the diagnosis. The results indicate that the paradigm shift that has taken place in the academic world is also practiced in primary care in Sörmland. They support the patients by helping to improve their self-esteem but do not call their weight shameful. The results show the importance of collaboration in order to fill knowledge gaps about obesity. 

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  • Janoff, Sandra
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Mångfacetterad yrkesidentitet: En intervjustudie om kuratorer inom palliativ vård2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this study is the professional identity of social workers in palliative care. It is based on six qualitative semi-structured interviews with social workers from six units within the same palliative service in Stockholm County. The material was processed through thematic analysis and analyzed based on concepts from role theory. The results show that the roles of the social worker and the counsellor relate to each other either by harmonizing, reinforcing one another or by being mutually exclusive. They also identify themselves with additional titles, and the construction of the professional identity is influenced by several external and internal factors. The importance of each factor differs in the individual cases, which results in identification with different roles. However, the medical context that characterizes palliative care seems to unite the social workers in a common professional identity which they feel sets them apart from other health care social workers. 

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  • Aldebjer, Johanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Att vara i mellanrummen - där ingen annan är: En kvalitativ studie om hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorns roll och emotionella arbete inom palliativ vård för barn2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to investigate the role, possibilities, challenges and emotional labor of Healthcare Counselors in pediatric palliative care. Through semi-structured interviews with five counselors, a thematic analysis was conducted. The findings reveal a broad and dynamic role, partially unclear, allowing individual shaping. Additionally, the study highlights counselors' capacity to support families during severe crises and discussions about end-of-life matters. The work is both meaningful and emotionally challenging, and coping theory illustrates how counselors manage their emotions using problem-focused and emotional coping strategies. The conclusions emphasize the relevance for counselors, collaboratingprofessions and management in pediatric palliative care. 

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  • Public defence: 2024-04-05 13:00 Vivi Täckholmsalen (Q-salen), NPQ-huset, Stockholm
    Dort, Hanna Nicole
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Exploring the role of gene duplications in plant-insect interactions2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    As evolutionary biologists, we are often curious about the genomic origins of our favorite adaptations. Although some innovations certainly arose de novo, many more originated through the process of whole-gene or within-gene duplication. Following whole-gene duplication events, at least one gene copy is thought to be under relaxed selective constraints, meaning that mutations can accumulate within the gene and potentially give rise to novel adaptive traits. In this thesis, I aim to identify how gene duplication events have helped caterpillars cope with toxic host plants. Building upon the already-extensive literature on plant-insect coevolution, I highlight the complexity underlying detoxification phenotypes.

    The research presented in Chapters II and III focuses on a family of genes coding for insect nitrile-specifier proteins (NSPs). These NSP-like genes are the canonical detoxification genes in Pierinae butterflies, allowing for the detoxification of the glucosinolates defenses present in their host plants. Importantly, the NSP-like gene family was formed through gene duplication events, with two key genes (NSP and MA) originating from the same ancestral gene. In Chapter II, Crispr-Cas9 methods were used to create lines of Pieris brassicae that lacked functional copies of NSP and/or MA. Through feeding assays on natural host plants, we showed that either NSP or MA are necessary for larval survival on plants containing aliphatic or benzyl glucosinolates – but not indole glucosinolates. Further, NSP seemed to be specialized for aliphatic glucosinolate detoxification, suggesting that some degree of subfunctionalisation occurred following gene duplication.  Expanding on these findings, we focused on the regulatory consequences of NSP-like family gene knockouts in Chapter III, looking specifically at the transcriptomic response to three host plants with vastly different glucosinolate profiles. We ultimately discovered that the response to host plant change was strongest when all NSP-like genes were functional, suggesting that the NSP-like gene family is part of a larger regulatory response to host plant defenses. 

    While the above chapters center around gene duplicates that have already been associated with adaptations to host chemistry, there are likely more gene families out there that have been important for caterpillars overcoming ever-escalating plant defenses. In Chapters I and IV, I sought to identify some of these families using comparative genomic analyses. In Chapter I, I used genomes from across the Lepidoptera to see if diet breadth could be correlated with gene family sizes. I found that two serine protease families were larger in specialists and that a family of glutathione-S-transferases was larger in generalists. Due to the scope of the study, I was unable to associate gene duplication events with any particular host plant toxins. This knowledge gap ultimately led to the development of the work in Chapter IV, which centered specifically on instances of gene duplication and death in the Pieridae that occurred following major chemical changes in hosts. In addition to confirming that NSP-like genes are lost upon shifts away from Brassicales-feeding, we found that a subset of sulfotransferases existed in higher copy number in species that feed on glucosinolates.

    Overall, this thesis shows that gene duplication may be important for insect dietary transitions, and that gene duplicates can become specialized to dynamically respond to host plant chemical profiles. It also provides a starting point for future studies, as open questions remain about the role of general detoxification mechanisms during initial transitions on to plants with novel chemical defenses. 

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  • Public defence: 2024-04-05 10:00 Hörsal 6, Stockholm
    Jönsson, Elin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Hardened Responsibility?: Contestations and Contradictions in the Regulation of Corporations2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Throughout the last decades, the social responsibility of corporations has undergone significant changes. From revolving around self-regulation, voluntariness, and soft law, the regulatory landscape has expanded to involve harder demands on corporations, such as mandatory sustainability due diligence. This thesis considers these changes as a hardening of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and explores such hardening as an outcome of contestation and struggle. In doing so, it echoes critical scholars’ call for criminology to direct attention toward the harms committed by powerful entities – in this case, large corporations in the global context – and the interests that frame the regulatory response to such harms. 

    Three papers are included in this thesis, focusing on key actors that participate in the contestation and struggle under study: politicians (Paper I), corporations (Paper II), and non-governmental organizations (Paper III). The first two papers consider struggles for and against regulatory hardening, and shed light on the contradictory dynamics that permeate these struggles, while the third paper explores how organizations struggling for justice in the wake of corporate harm seek to alter the contours of the existing regulatory landscape. Taken together, the papers offer insight into how social actors articulate demands for change, or resist such change, and their underscoring interests or ambitions.

    This thesis situates these findings in previous research on the regulation of corporate social and environmental responsibility, considers the papers’ methodologies, and develops the theoretical lens through which the findings can be understood. The final analytical discussion considers the hardened regulations as solutions, with the problem at hand being the paradigm of self-regulation and voluntariness that has long characterized CSR. This problematization is interpreted as an articulation of internal critique, in which social actors strive for consistency between practices and normative expectations. Thus, new regulatory practices, which conform to these expectations, have been proposed. The analysis then traces this problematization, and the contestation around it, to fundamental contradictions. Drawing attention to the inherent contradictoriness of CSR as a social formation, it argues that this should be understood as the driving force behind contestation and thus the hardening trend itself. In addition, the analysis considers the transformative potential in actors’ struggles, suggesting that some may go beyond an adjustment of regulatory practices to an existing normative framework.

    All in all, the thesis contributes to criminological research on corporate responsibility by highlighting the dynamics of conflict and contradiction involved in contemporary regulation. Moreover, by understanding hardening as a solution to a problem, revolving around the shortcomings of CSR – which was itself introduced as a regulatory solution in the 1990s – the thesis situates the regulation of today in a historical development. By doing so, it draws attention to both continuity and change in this regulatory landscape. 

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  • Persberg, Björn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    ”Det handlar om kunskap och att mötas bortom normen”: - Hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorers upplevelser kring bemötande av hbtqi + patienter i ett vårdsammanhang.2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Scientific studies often point towards poor treatment directed at people who include themselves as LGBTQ+ in their contact with healthcare. Patients are treated based on heteronormative views that reproduces gender as binary and stereotypical, where understanding of alternative gender affiliations and sexuality is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate healthcare counsellors experiences of a welcoming, respectful and professional treatment in the contact with healthcare for LGBTQ+ individuals. Method: Empirical material has been collected through six semi-structured interviews with healthcare counsellors. Results: The results indicate challenges for healthcare professionals regarding the perceived heteronormative views that characterizes the healthcare system. Healthcare counsellors describe a great importance in their efforts to create an inclusive approach in the meeting with the patients, but that there are general shortcomings in healthcare that could derive from the lack of knowledge about LGBTQ+ needs and lack of norm-critical openness.

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  • Layth Thameen Naqqar, Maryam
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Law, Department of Law.
    Upphörande av tvångsvård med stöd av 21 § LVU: En avvägning mellan barnets rätt till skydd och rätten till familjeliv2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Åkerman, Emilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Classical Archaeology and Ancient History.
    Historical Reality in Modern Fiction: An analysis of Hedningarnas förgård2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Historical Reality in Modern Fiction - an analysis of Hedningarnas förgård
  • Petré, Bo
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies.
    Arkeologi på Lovö. Stenålder, bronsålder, järnålder - 5000 år i forntiden2024 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur bedrev mellan åren 1958 och 2007 sina seminariegrävningar på olika gravfält Lovö, Lovö sn, Uppland. De flesta gravfält blev med tiden totalutgrävda vilket givit ett rikt, sammanhållet material för vidare forskning. Denna bok är en sammanställning av de tidigare tio i serien och syftar till att ge en kort överblick över tidigare forskning och nuvarande forskningsläge.

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  • Lickander, Maria
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Laine, Tove
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    När spårket brister: En fenomenologisk studie som lyfter förskollärarens upplevelse kring arbetet med barn som har språkliga svårigheter2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to highlight six preschool teachers' experiences of working with children with language difficulties. The study is based on a qualitative research where the preschool teachers were interviewed through questions about their conditions, methods, support for the children, challenges and cooperation. The study is based on a phenomenological perspective where epoch, phenomenon, lifeworld, meaning-bearing units and essence are the central concepts used in connection with the analysis. In the results and analysis, what was considered to be the core of the preschool teachers' experiences is presented based on what was raised during the interviews. Here, the focus is on language-aware work, the visibility of difficulties, time, the importance of seeing each child and the important collaboration.

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  • O'Brien-Møller, Hannah
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Romance Studies and Classics.
    Un sous-titrage « Basique » ou « Formidable » ?: Une analyse de la traduction des paroles de chanson françaises dans les sous-titres en anglais des clips YouTube2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Music videos have been published on YouTube since the site’s creation in 2005. However, on-demand subtitles for music videos are a relatively recent phenomenon. As fans can now understand lyrics in a language that is not their own, by using translated subtitles, artists have the possibility of reaching a wider international audience than ever. This qualitative study aims to fill a gap in translation studies by examining the translation of French song lyrics into English in the subtitles of music videos on YouTube. The study poses the following questions: how are specific linguistic features that are characteristic of song lyrics translated in the subtitles of music videos? What is the overall effect of these translations – is there a loss of meaning or of style once the lyrics have been translated? What are the particularities of this medium of translation? 

    The corpus consists of 14 music videos published on YouTube within the last decade. All 14 pop/hip-hop songs examined are performed in French and subtitled in English. The study gives an overview of the translation techniques used in the English subtitles on French music videos, by examining both the methods used to translate songs as well as the strategies used by subtitlers to translate specific linguistic features. The linguistic features examined through comparative text analysis are phonetic (assonance, alliteration, rhyme, and language play), socio-cultural (linguistic register, cultural references, and idiomatic expressions including slang), and grammatical. 

    This thesis begins with an interrogation of previous research on audiovisual and song translation, including an examination of taxonomies of subtitling strategies. These taxonomies are applied to the under-examined context of YouTube music videos, following the paradigm of Descriptive Translation Studies. 

    Through a descriptive analysis of the pairs of source-language and target-language linguistic features, the study found that translation strategies were varied, and could result in a tension between the prioritisation of stylistic elements over the original meaning of the lyrics. The results confirmed a lack of standardised conventions for subtitled translations on YouTube, and certain markers of this digital, community-oriented medium were present, where they might not be found in more conventional arenas of audiovisual translation. 

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  • Public defence: 2024-04-03 09:00 ALB Hörsal 4, hus 2 Albano, Stockholm
    Nyasulu, Maganizo Kruger
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm Resilience Centre.
    A Triply Green Revolution: Building water resilience for SDGs on food and poverty for Africa2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sub-Saharan Africa is confronted with the urgent challenge of ensuring food security in the face of changing demographics, climate change and water vulnerability, which can lead to potential crop failure. Despite the high advocacy for technological solutions, such as irrigation, rainfed agricultural systems, which account for more than 90% of the region's food production, often remain overlooked. This raises the question of which water sources can be sustainably utilized to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. This thesis investigates the significant role of "green water" in addressing these challenges in agricultural production and ecosystem health in the sub-Saharan African region. 

    Application of models reveal the pronounced role of green water in African forest systems, regional ecosystems, and food production systems in studying these societal sustainability questions,. The study projects a decrease in precipitation recycling with increasing severity of climate change. The results suggests that regions with lower water efficiency per yield production can significantly increase agricultural yield by tapping into green water sources as improving rainwater management systems, even as land-sourced precipitation is projected to decline more than oceanic sources. 

    The thesis argues for adoption of a green water-centric approach to be opted in strategic plans at both local and global levels. Moreover, by capitalizing on green water resources, less developed nations such as sub-Saharan Africa can fulfill their Sustainable Development Goals without the need for significant technological investments and the associated environmental risks.

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  • Lepage, Louis-Pierre
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Sousa Pereira, Nuno
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). University of Porto.
    Breaking Barriers: The Impact of Employer Exposure to Immigrants2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We study how exposure of employers to immigrants, both at the market and at the individual firm level, mitigates immigrant-native disparities. We use administrative employee-employer matched data from Portugal, which provides a unique setting given that it experienced almost no immigration until the early 2000s followed by substantial immigration waves. Focusing on the evolution of market wages across successive immigration cohorts, we find that increased employer exposure to immigrant groups can account for up to 25% of the wage convergence between immigrants and natives over the last two decades. We also document that individual-level exposure of firms to immigrants plays an important role, influencing future hiring and remuneration of immigrants. Our results provide new insights into how barriers to hiring different worker groups shape economic inequality, with novel implications for integration policies.

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  • Schönqvist, Oliver
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Anthropology.
    Coolhetens Kapital: Habitus i Skateboard-världen2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna uppsats söker jag svar på vad coolhet innebär för skateboardåkare i Stockholm. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur skateboardåkare förstår sig själva och sin omgivning. I uppsatsen diskuteras hur symboliskt kapital skapas genom ett förkroppsligande av idéer förknippade med begreppet cool. Empirin består av material som samlats in från observationer och intervjuer av skateboardåkare i Stockholm under våren 2022, samt skateboardmedia, vilken undersöks noggrannare med hjälp av de antropologiska begreppen habitus och kulturellt kapital. 

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  • Dekavalla, Georgia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Anthropology.
    "Where there is room to fight for your beliefs that is the ideal place": Imagination and agency of Athenians with migratory background2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the globalized world, border regimes are ambiguous, withdrawn or reinforced based on who approaches them, where and how. Borders are equally the boundaries that permeate spaces of nation-states and cut across them through racialized, gendered, and classed divisions. Following the so called "migration crisis" in Europe of 2015, there has been a wave of research documenting how practices of bordering and othering dehumanize asylum seekers, violating their rights. In this thesis, I proceed from similar observations to see how such practices, together with experiences resulting from them, affect the possibilities of agency and imagination of a common space on behalf of people with migratory background. Employing the idea of hybridity, I maintain that while the responsibility for atrocities related to migration and bordering should always remain on violators, whether official institutions or individuals, their persistence should not be seen as foreclosing agency, imagination, or practices of building a future common space on behalf of people with migratory background. The hybrid position that these people occupy does not necessarily only sustain their disempowerment, but it also equips them with unique possibilities for agency. Neither seems there to be any predefined path from exposure to harsh violations of one's rights to disempowerment. The possibilities for common and welcoming places to which everyone has a right appear through an engaged and equal attention to migrants' own agency, imagination, and capabilities, rather than through an exclusive attention to their vulnerability or a neoliberal celebration of multiculturalism. 

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  • Grundström, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    En formal- och diskursanalys av fem bidrag i tävlingsprocessen för Sametingets nya byggnad2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Institutionen för kultur och estetik, Konstvetenskap, 106 91 Stockholms universitet, 08-16 20 00 vx

    Handledare: Christopher Landstedt

    Titel: En formal- och diskursanalys av fem bidrag i tävlingsprocessen för Sametingets nya byggnad

    Författare: Marie Grundström

    Kontaktuppgifter till författaren: mariegrundstrom@yahoo.se

    Uppsatsnivå: kandidatuppsats

    Ventileringstermin: HT2023

    ABSTRACT: Uppsatsen behandlar fem utvalda tävlingsbidrag i en utlyst arkitekttävling om ny byggnad för Sametinget. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka arkitekturens estetik, konstnärlighet och funktionsmässighet i en samisk kontext och vilka symboliska värden som ryms inom vald arkitektur. Uppsatsen undersöker med utgångspunkt i tävlingsbidragen på vilka sätt förslagen kommunicerar estetiskt, funktionellt, socialt och kulturellt med betraktare och brukare. Frågeställningarna i undersökningen är på vilka sätt tävlingsbidragen kommunicerar en samisk estetik, funktionalitet och symbolik och hur tävlingsprogrammets riktlinjer om samiska element efterlevs. Det teoretiska ramverket för uppsatsen är diskursanalys där materialet undersöks med en komparativ metod i dialog med tidigare forskning. Tävlingsbidragens projektbeskrivningar formal- och kontextanalyseras och jämförs med innehållet i tävlingsprogram, juryutlåtande och personintervjuer. Resultaten visar att utvalda förslag trots avvikelser från riktlinjer i tävlingsprogrammet kommunicerar statlig representativitet och symboliskt värde för samer. Slutsatser är att en tradition av monumentala byggnadsverk saknas inom den samiska kulturen och tävlingsbidragens konstnärlighet och funktionsmässighet i någon mån blir begränsad. Det vinnande förslaget kommunicerar inte traditionell samisk byggnadskonst i vissa delar. Landskapet spelar en väsentlig roll för placeringen av byggnaden och en omlokalisering till ytterligare en annan geografisk ort har viss relevans. Genom berättelser mellan deltagare i processen med framtagande av ny byggnad har en färdighet att manifestera samisk symbolik uppstått hos involverade. 

    Nyckelord: arkitektur, diskursanalys, estetik, formalanalys, funktionalitet, konstnärlighet, kontextanalys, parlamentshus, samer, sameting, Sápmi, symbolbyggnad, symbolik, urfolk.

     

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  • Dahlkvist, Tobias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    "The Most Modern Type of the Insane Genius": Schopenhauer and the Pathology of Genius, 1870-19002023In: Cuadernos de Pesimismo, Vol. 2Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • Gustafsson, Erik
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre.
    Humborg, Christoph
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre.
    Reducing eutrophication crucial toprevent coastal methane emissions2024Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A large part of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide have been absorbed by the oceans. However, many Swedish coastal areas are currently affected by eutrophication, making them a source of greenhouse gases, mainly in the form of methane. Reducing eutrophication is crucial for limiting methane emissions and thus mitigating climate change.

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  • Jönsson, Aiden
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology . Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Bolin Centre for Climate Research (together with KTH & SMHI).
    Bender, Frida A.-M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology . Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Bolin Centre for Climate Research (together with KTH & SMHI).
    Mauritsen, Thorsten
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology . Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Bolin Centre for Climate Research (together with KTH & SMHI).
    Caballero, Rodrigo
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology . Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Bolin Centre for Climate Research (together with KTH & SMHI).
    Net northward ocean heat transport modulates mean hemispheric cloud asymmetriesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics make up for the Northern Hemisphere (NH)’s greater tropical cloud cover and clear-sky albedo, making Earth’s planetary albedo hemispherically symmetric over the satellite record. Knowledge of a mechanism for maintaining hemispheric albedo symmetry would prove valuable for understanding cloud responses to external forcings. Using simulations of an Earth-like aquaplanet, we investigate the role of ocean heat transport (OHT) in determining hemispheric differences in cloud cover. With increasing northward cross-equatorial OHT, the SH becomes dominant in low cloud cover at all latitudes, while NH increases in high clouds are negated by reductions in low clouds. We describe a dynamical link between the increasing SH extratropical cloud cover and increasing NH tropical cloud cover with more northward cross-equatorial OHT. We investigate the effects of clouds and condensation on AHT responses, which increase southward AHT through latent heating in the extratropics and radiative effects in lower latitudes, aiding in reducing the hemispheric energy contrast. Because SH cloud increases are greater than NH cloud reductions, increasing cloud asymmetry with more northward cross-equatorial OHT leads to net increases in global cloud cover and cooling.

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  • Jönsson, Aiden
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology . Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Bolin Centre for Climate Research (together with KTH & SMHI).
    Rugenstein, Maria
    Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University.
    Bender, Frida A.-M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology . Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Bolin Centre for Climate Research (together with KTH & SMHI).
    Daniel, McCoy
    Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming.
    Eidhammer, Trude
    National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA.
    A recipe for simulating the observed interhemispheric albedo symmetry and constraining cloud radiative feedbacksManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Earth’s albedo has remained symmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres over the satellite record, a feature that climate models have difficulty capturing. We investigate causes of these biases using a perturbed parameter ensemble of atmospheric simulations to probe the sensitivity of the albedo symmetry to cloud properties and the processes that control them. We find that the most significant parameters to simulated albedo symmetry impact precipitation, turbulent dissipation, and sea salt aerosol emissions. Constraining shortwave cloud feedbacks using the observed albedo symmetry leads to a range of +0.61±0.24 W m-2 K-1 (66% confidence). These are stronger than the model’s control settings due to greater loss of subtropical low clouds and weaker negative cloud phase feedback. Comparing the constrained and control parameter settings shows a preference towards settings that would reduce the control simulation’s biases, indicating that the constraint can select for representations that capture the observed cloud cover.

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  • Public defence: 2024-03-27 17:37 B4:1059, Stockholm
    Appagere, Gandharva
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Λ-Λ hyperons: the road to estimate the production cross-section in protonproton collisions2024Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we analyse the $\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ hyperon channel in proton-proton scattering, $pp \mapsto \Lambda\Lambda + K^+K^+, \,\,\Lambda\mapsto p+\pi^-$, with a proton beam energy of $4.5$ GeV using the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI.The purpose of the study presented here is to measure the production cross-section for the $\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ channel. %at the above beam Kinetic energy. The following measurement will be the first at this energy scale (CoM: $\sqrt{s}=3.46$ GeV).We develop a multi-stage analysis strategy to first determine the acceptance-reconstruction efficiency for the $\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ channel from simulations produced according to phase space.The analysis of data is perforned for three different event selections: inclusive ($ pp \mapsto \Lambda\Lambda + X$), semi-exclusive ($ pp \mapsto \Lambda\Lambda + K^+ +X$) and the fully exclusive.For each selection, the data is represented by a two-dimensional histogram, where the axes correspond to the $p+\pi^-$ invariant mass of the respective $\Lambda$ candidate. %The same strategy was employed on the experimental data to build a $\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ 2D correlation matrix. The \sloppy{$\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ signal} is determined using a Statistical sideband analysis (SSB) and a Linear least squares (LLS) fit.The inclusive selection provides the most significant $\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ signal.Cross-section values corresponding to the two analyses  are calculated as weighted average of the result of the three selections.The production cross-section for $\Lambda$-$\Lambda$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=3.46$ GeV is measured \sloppy{to be $59\pm27$ nb} (one standard deviation uncertainity).

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  • Rydén, Mikaela
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Slavic and Baltic Studies, Finnish, Dutch, and German, German.
    Eine empirische Untersuchung des Sprachengebrauchs im schwedischen DaF-Unterricht: Unterrichtspraxis und Einstellungen von Lehrenden und Lernenden2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to investigate when and how much German as well as Swedish is spoken by teachers and pupils in two high school classes. On top of that, the study includes both the teachers´and pupils´attitudes towards the usage of the languages in their German lessons. To answer this, observations during lessons were made and both online surveys to teachers and group interviews with a handful of pupils were constructed. The information gathered was later analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. What could be observed was that both Swedish and German were spoken by teachers, but for different parts of the lesson. They spoke Swedish for example when teaching grammar and clarifying instructions, but German when they asked simple questions or talked about texts during the lesson. The students on the other hand mostly spoke Swedish with each other and sometimes even when asking questions to the teacher. However, when the teacher made clear that they were supposed to speak German, they did. Most of the teachers and pupils would prefer a mix between German and Swedish in their classroom because they saw benefits with both languages in use. For example the fact that Swedish could be used to easily clarify lesson content and German could be used for the pupils to both practice speaking and hearing German. 

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  • Imamovic, Delila
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Slavic and Baltic Studies, Finnish, Dutch, and German, Slavic Languages.
    Der Gebrauch von Emojis in WhatsApp-Chats: Pragmatische und semiotische Funktionen und Code-Switching2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [de]

    In dieser Studie werden zwei Forschungsfragen analysiert. Die erste Frage konzentriert sich darauf, herauszufinden, welche pragmatischen und semiotischen Funktionen in der Alltagssprache des deutschsprachigen Raums in Bezug auf die Verwendung von Emojis existieren. Die zweite Forschungsfrage konzentriert sich darauf, einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Konzept des Code-Switching und Emojis zu finden, die beim Schreiben von Textnachrichten verwendet werden. Diese Studie wird auf der Grundlage der systematischen Korpusanalyse analysiert. Als Korpus wird das deutsche Korpus MoCoDa2 (Mobile Communication Database 2) verwendet. Unter Verwendung dieses Korpus wurden vier WhatsApp-Chats von verschiedenen Personen für die weitere Analyse ausgewählt. Was schließlich analysiert wurde, ist, dass die Emoji zwei spezifische pragmatische Funktionen hat. Diese beiden Funktionen sind adding tone und injecting a positive mood. Diese Funktionen haben gezeigt, dass sich der Einsatz von Emojis auch in weniger positiven Kontexten in einem Chat zwischen verschiedenen Personen positiv auswirken kann. Es wurde auch gezeigt, dass eine andere pragmatische Funktion namens text replacement einen Teil der Wirkung im Code-Switching-Konzept initiiert. Diese Funktion erklärt, dass ein Wort oder Satz durch ein oder mehrere Emojis ersetzt werden kann. Eine Emoji wirkt dann, wenn es für andere, mit denen man schreibt, verständlich sein soll.

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  • Public defence: 2024-03-28 13:00 Lilla Hörsalen, Kista
    Alam, Mahbub Ul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Advancing Clinical Decision Support Using Machine Learning & the Internet of Medical Things: Enhancing COVID-19 & Early Sepsis Detection2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents a critical examination of the positive impact of Machine Learning (ML) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for advancing the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in the context of COVID-19 and early sepsis detection.

    It emphasizes the transition towards patient-centric healthcare systems, which necessitate personalized and participatory care—a transition that could be facilitated by these emerging fields. The thesis accentuates how IoMT could serve as a robust platform for data aggregation, analysis, and transmission, which could empower healthcare providers to deliver more effective care. The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly stressed the importance of such patient-centric systems for remote patient monitoring and disease management.

    The integration of ML-driven CDSSs with IoMT is viewed as an extremely important step in healthcare systems that could offer real-time decision-making support and enhance patient health outcomes. The thesis investigates ML's capability to analyze complex medical datasets, identify patterns and correlations, and adapt to changing conditions, thereby enhancing its predictive capabilities. It specifically focuses on the development of IoMT-based CDSSs for COVID-19 and early sepsis detection, using advanced ML methods and medical data.

    Key issues addressed cover data annotation scarcity, data sparsity, and data heterogeneity, along with the aspects of security, privacy, and accessibility. The thesis also intends to enhance the interpretability of ML prediction model-based CDSSs. Ethical considerations are prioritized to ensure adherence to the highest standards.

    The thesis demonstrates the potential and efficacy of combining ML with IoMT to enhance CDSSs by emphasizing the importance of model interpretability, system compatibility, and the integration of multimodal medical data for an effective CDSS.

    Overall, this thesis makes a significant contribution to the fields of ML and IoMT in healthcare, featuring their combined potential to enhance CDSSs, particularly in the areas of COVID-19 and early sepsis detection.

    The thesis hopes to enhance understanding among medical stakeholders and acknowledges the need for continuous development in this sector.

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  • Public defence: 2024-03-28 13:00 hörsal 4, hus 2, Campus Albano, Stockholm
    Tobian, Arne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm Resilience Centre.
    Entering the dynamic risk space: Assessing planetary boundary interactions through process-based quantifications2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The planetary boundaries framework is an effort to define a safe operating space for humanity. Its rationale is that sustainable development needs to be achieved in ways that safeguard the stability of the Earth system on which human prosperity relies. However, very few studies explicitly examine the interactions of the Earth system processes that underlie individual boundaries.

    My overarching research question is: how can continued anthropogenic climate change affect the geospatially resolvable land and water planetary boundaries, and what are the implications for human livelihood? For most of my analysis, I use the LPJmL dynamic global vegetation model because it contains suitable process representations that provide a dynamic and adaptive Earth system perspective for my investigation of key planetary boundary interactions of the climate, land, water and ecosystem nexus.

    Paper I emphasizes the importance of green water dynamics (that is terrestrial precipitation, evapotranspiration and plant-available soil moisture) for ecosystem resilience and human well-being. The underlying analysis suggests that the current status of the proposed planetary boundary for green water is already transgressed. Paper II reveals long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of planetary boundary interactions as breaching the climate change boundary critically affects the world’s major forest biomes. Notably, the most extreme climate change scenarios led to the emergence of a southern boreal dieback in the simulations. Tropical forests further show a shift from evergreen to deciduous rainforest, an important process which is not captured by the definition of the land-system change boundary. Maintaining climate change at the planetary boundary co-stabilizes the land-system change boundary. Paper III extends the biophysical understanding of planetary boundary interactions by discussing their impact on human livelihood and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. Future climate change causes increases in dry anomalies of green water in ~30% of the global land area by the end of the century. As of today (here referring to 2015), nearly a quarter of the world population and ~28% of global harvest would be affected. The dynamic risk space terminology is established to fill the conceptual gap in the analysis of planetary boundary interactions. Paper IV highlights how planetary stability constitutes the non-negotiable fundament for human development and argues why the Sustainable Development Goals have to be aligned with the planetary boundaries framework and which perils might arise from their interactions. Paper V presents the land-system change reallocation tool algorithm which allows for a scenario-driven rearrangement of human land-use to meet varying transgression levels of the land-system change boundary. 

    My results of Paper I-V advance the understanding of interactions in the planetary boundaries framework. Moreover, my analysis in a process-based and validated modeling environment gives spatiotemporal detail of the processes at play that exceeds the potential of previously used conceptual models. My work fills a crucial gap in the operationalization of the planetary boundary framework by providing insights into how and where different policy options produce positive or negative outcomes across boundaries. The holistic understanding I present is a prerequisite for any application of the planetary boundaries framework that focuses on future conditions.

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  • Crang, William
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Petrological, geochemical and structural evidence of fluid-rock interaction in the Siljan Ring2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Siljan Ring in Dalarna, Sweden is the site of the largest meteor impact crater in Europe and has long been a topic of discussion regarding methane production. However, the source of this methane and the timing of production in relation to the impact remain unclear. An outcrop of red Ordovician limestone preserved on the edge of a downfaulted zone encircling the crater’s central plateau is crosscut by fractures surrounded by pale-coloured reduction haloes within which precipitates can be observed. These haloes suggest interaction with a reducing agent mobilised within a fluid flow, of which methane would be a prime candidate. A field study was subsequently undertaken to establish the reaction whereby these haloes were formed, as well as the timing of their formation relative to the Siljan impact based upon petrological, geochemical, and structural data obtained in the field. Results from this study show that a methane-bearing hydrothermal fluid mobilised within the fractures has preserved the original mineralogy of the limestone within the reaction haloes whilst the country rock beyond was being oxidised. Pyrite is shown to be preserved within the pale reaction haloes, whilst its oxidation within the country rock is shown to be the source of the limestone’s distinct red colouring. Fracture and bedding orientation at the study site suggest the hydrothermal event to have been simultaneous with the meteor impact, with the fractures forming part of a wider complex network of impact features. Whilst mobilisation associated with the meteor impact is a likely cause of methane release, the exact source of the methane active at the study site is unclear.

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  • Danielson, Mats
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    History of the Faculty of Social Sciences2014In: Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University: 1964-2014 / [ed] Gudrun Dahl, Mats Danielson, Stockholm University, 2014, no 1, p. 9-25Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The faculty of Social Sciences at Stockholm University, like its sister faculties at the other large universities in Sweden, celebrates its 50th birthday this year. The Swedish faculties of social science were established following a governmental decision in 1964. Some of the senior people still active at the Faculty of Social Sciences in Stockholm were young teachers or students at the time, a couple of years before the big student ‘population boom’ and the by now legendary student revolution. The faculty has for most of this time been a central part of the working machinery of the University, in charge of the oversight over teaching and with independent responsibility for the quality of research. For those who are part of the Faculty Board or its different commissions, or for the staff of the Faculty Office, the Faculty shapes everyday life. Still, for most of the staff and students within the Faculty, it is a relatively anonymous entity. Life at the university is mainly lived within a departmental context. The chapter paints the picture of universities in Stockholm in general and the social sciences in particular in the years preceding the birth of the Faculty of Social Sciences.

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  • Reitan, Therese
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). Department of Public Administration, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Stenberg, Sten-Åke
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    We (All) Want You? Perceived Military Leadership Potential and Actual Leadership Role Occupancy in Working Life: A Longitudinal Study of a Swedish Cohort2024In: Armed forces and society, ISSN 0095-327X, E-ISSN 1556-0848Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the main tasks of the armed forces is to recruit and select future soldiers and to identify potential officers. However, these procedures may have a wider societal impact beyond the borders of the military organization itself. This study aims to examine how compatible assessments of military leadership potential are with those in the labor market. Using longitudinal data concerning a large cohort of Swedish males who underwent mustering during the early 1970s, we analyzed the association between officer suitability assessments and managerial role occupancy at age 50 to 55, while controlling for socio-demographic factors in childhood and adulthood. We found a high level of predictability, whereby those who were ranked highest were four times more likely to hold managerial positions than those with the lowest ranking. Results are discussed in relation to perceptions about leadership skills and possible institutional isomorphism between the armed forces and other societal organizations.

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  • Public defence: 2024-03-27 10:00 Room 2403, Department of Education, Stockholm
    Munhall, Brendan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Bounded Horizons: A study of upper secondary school choice for newly arrived students2024Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Graduating primary school students in Sweden choose their upper secondary school within a unique quasi-market school system. The students may choose specialized programs but must also be accepted based on grade rankings by the schools. Despite equity arguments for the school choice model, opportunities are not equally available for all students. Newly arrived students in particular may face challenges in their school selection process, leading to limited availability, especially within metropolitan areas. However, there is a lack of research exploring newly arrived students’ own experiences and attitudes towards school choice in this setting. The aim of this study is to investigate newly arrived students’ own experiences and their understanding of the upper-secondary school choice process.

    In this study, twenty-two newly arrived year-nine students in the metropolitan Stockholm area were interviewed about their experiences during the school choice process. Semi-structured interviews conducted in the students’ mother tongues explored their educational backgrounds, social interactions, school experiences and academic aspirations during the 2019/2020 school year. In addition, eight of their teachers and guidance counsellors were interviewed. The student responses were analysed through thematic analysis using a combination of concepts including horizon for action, cultural and social capital, the grapevine and structural and symbolic boundaries.

    In the results, the newly arrived students were shown to be a diverse group with varying languages and levels of preparedness for the Swedish education system. They shared similar experiences in the upper secondary school process, marked by subtle differences due to their available resources and the different actors that they interacted with. Marketing strategies used by the upper secondary schools themselves had a substantial influence on the students although many of the students found this information hard to navigate. Guidance from the school, in both a formal sense from guidance counsellors and informally by other educators had a positive effect but was dependent on the engagement of the educators. The students’ parents had a limited influence on their childrens’ choice process, largely due to their own recent arrival in Sweden. Finally, due to the structure of schools, the newly arrived students interacted with other newly arrived students more than with Swedish students, giving them limited peer information about upper secondary schools. 

    These findings shed light on the experiences of an often overlooked group of students, offering a fresh perspective on the Swedish education system. Many of these students faced challenges in choosing upper secondary schools based on the grades they achieved during their relatively brief time in Sweden and the neighborhoods they resided in. Their school preferences were further shaped by the limited support from both their social circles and the educational institutions themselves. Consequently, these students were vulnerable to the influence of targeted marketing and unsubstantiated rumors. However, this phenomenon wasn't universal. Dedicated educators, particularly those who shared a common language or cultural background with the students, provided meaningful guidance. These findings are significant for identifying limited opportunities for an under researched group within the Swedish education system and giving insight into how they may be better supported.

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  • Public defence: 2024-03-27 13:00 Sal FB55, AlbaNova universitetscentrum, Stockholm
    Jansson, Matti
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Improvements for IceCube Event Reconstruction through Geometry Calibration and Photon Timing Distributions2024Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The origin of high-energy cosmic rays is an unsolved mystery because cosmic rays do not travel in a straight line but are bent by magnetic fields due to their electric charge. High energy neutrinos are predicted to be created close to these origins, and are an unambiguous probe, while gamma rays could be obscured or created by other processes. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole has instrumented one cubic kilometre of ice to a depth of 2.4 km by deploying digital optical modules (DOMs) in 86 drill holes. As neutrinos interact in the ice, they create secondary particles which generate Cherenkov light. The light is detected by DOMs and given the timing and the location of the DOMs the event can be reconstructed and the direction of the neutrino's origin can be determined. 

     

    So far, IceCube has used the original location of the drill towers for the positions of DOMs in the horizontal plane. Previous attempts to determine the x-y coordinates of the DOMs, relying on data from the drill head or in-situ calibration, could not improve on these generic position estimates or reduce their estimated uncertainty below a few metres. This thesis presents a new method for calibrating the positions of the DOMs. A large sample of muon tracks is used as a calibration light source throughout the detector volume, and a maximum likelihood-based approach is used to determine the positions of DOMs. The method has been applied to 18 central strings, and found statistically significant shifts of the order of 1-2 m from nominal positions for four strings. The results led to, and have been corroborated by, a new study using LED flashers,which has also found deviations in other parts of the detector. There are also indications that calibration of individual DOM positions are possible.

     

    Modelling how light propagates in the ice is of fundamental importance and over the last decade the knowledge of the ice has progressed and in particular the knowledge on how the birefringent properties of ice impact scattering of light. So in an effort to both improve sensitivity of the geometry calibration above and improve event reconstruction, this thesis also presents work done to better incorporate current knowledge of the glacial ice optical properties when reconstructing muon tracks. There is some evidence that this has resulted in a better description of the light distribution in the detector.

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  • Qayyum, Yahya
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm Business School.
    Wattar, Omar
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm Business School.
    Aljalab, Faisal
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm Business School.
    Swipe to buy?: Examining the influence of Instagram and TikTok onmillennials fast fashion purchases2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis explores the influence of User-Generated Content (UGC) on the purchasingdecisions of millennials in the fast fashion industry, particularly through the platformsInstagram and TikTok. The research delves into the transformation from offline to onlinemarketing within the fast fashion sector, examining both fast-fashion and ultra-fast fashion tounderstand UGC's impact on consumer behavior, including environmental and ethicalconcerns.

    Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study focuses on thematic and contentanalysis to unravel the intricate ways in which UGC shapes millennials' purchasing decisions.The research provides an in-depth exploration of the subjective experiences, perceptions, andmotivations of this demographic, offering rich insights into their interaction with UGC.Additionally, the study integrates social influence theory and buying behavior theory tounderstand the dynamics of digital consumer engagement and the role of UGC incontemporary marketing strategies.

    Through interviews with Millennial consumers and analysis of their interactions with UGC,the research uncovers patterns and trends that highlight the significant role of UGC in digitalmarketing and consumer decision-making. The results suggest that while UGC significantlyinfluences Millennials, the impact varies across different aspects of the fast fashion sector.This research fills a void in current literature by providing a focused analysis of UGC'sinfluence across generational divides, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of digitalbehavior in the fast fashion industry.

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  • Fåhraeus, David
    et al.
    Juridiska fakulteten, Uppsala Universitet.
    Reichel, Jane
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Law, Department of Law.
    Slokenberga, Santa
    Juridiska fakulteten, Uppsala universitet.
    The European Health Data Space: Challenges and Opportunities2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In her 2020 State of the Union address, the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced a new legislative proposal to create a European Health Data Space. Its aim is to make electronic health data accessible in order to support healthcare delivery, health research, innovation, effective policymaking and regulation, and personalised medicine. This European Policy Analysis examines the Commission’s proposal and its implications for patients, healthcare providers, market actors and national administrations.

    The analysis shows that the Commission’s Proposal has significant potential benefits for a wide range of stakeholders. However, concerns still remain regarding aspects such as the empowerment of individuals in relation to their data, adjustments that will need to be made by the healthcare sector, incentives for innovation, and trust in EU governance. At the time of writing, the European Parliament and the Council have adopted their negotiating positions. However, a number of changes are likely to be introduced before the Commission’s Proposal is agreed and can be implemented in the Member States.

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  • Sallo, Donna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Från generering till manipulering: En kvalitativ kartläggning av storskaliga språkmodeller och deras roll i framtidens desinformationskampanjer2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Danielson, Mats
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Läppinen, Arne
    Philips Sweden.
    The Rise and Fall of Philips Data Systems: A Major European Computer Industry2024 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Philips Data Systems was one of the few European computer system manufacturers that managed to occupy the top spot worldwide in a large computer systems market segment over a considerable amount of time. In this case, it was the segment of front-office banking systems from circa 1975 to 1985. After a long development period, together with the pilot customer Svenska Handelsbanken, regular production shipments of its front-end banking computer systems commenced in early 1973. This book follows the PTS front-office banking systems from the first pilot customer, via the role as the world-leading manufacturer, to the wrong decisions that lead to the decline.

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  • Strandberg, Per Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    En komparativ analys av Lars Noréns och Ulf Lundells dagböcker: – genre, subjekt och åldrande2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Med utgångspunkt från dagbokens specifika form av självframställning undersöker uppsatsen åldrande och maskulinitet i Lars Noréns och Ulf Lundells dagboksserier (2000–2022). Frågor som ställs är hur jaget i dagböckerna konstrueras och hur intersektionen åldrande och maskulinitet framställs. Analysen använder Philippe Lejeunes studier av dagboksgenren. Lejeune beskriver den självbiografiska dagboken som en form av       "antifiktion” på grund av dess intima koppling till i stunden pågående liv. Andra teoretiska utgångspunkter är Michel Foucaults essä ”Vad är en författare” och Roland Barthes ”The Death of the Author”, vilka problematiserar relationen mellan den fysiska författaren och texten. Uppsatsen hävdar att en autofiktiv text är en iscensättning av jaget. Som utgångspunkt används antagandet att genus såväl som ålder är socialt konstruerade identiteter. Några kortare akademiska studier om jaget i Noréns En dramatikers dagbok är publicerade, men hittills ingen om Lundells Vardagar Uppsatsen visar på en outforskad sida av de subjekt som framträder i dagböckerna, de jag som belyser den åldrande mannens självförståelse och hemvist i samtiden.

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  • Public defence: 2024-03-26 13:00 sal FP41, hus 1, AlbaNova universitetscentrum, Stockholm
    Coates, Michael R.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Fundamental interactions in transition metal reactions2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Transition metal complexes that participate in homogeneous reactions often perform the role of a catalyst, facilitating novel reaction pathways. When these complexes are pushed away from their equilibrium, the arrangement of the coordinating ligands around the metal center is perturbed and new reaction pathways are opened. By using a light-induced “trigger” to push the metal complex away from its equilibrium, this process can be initiated with precision. This thesis is concerned with the theoretical understanding of light-induced “triggered” reactions that generate transient, short-lived photoproducts in solution, capable of reacting with the surrounding solvent medium. A combination of theoretical and experimental tools are employed to give precise information about the formation and decay of these transient photoproducts.

    In an effort to understand the innate differences between a broad range of transition metal complexes, electron configurations of the metal and its coordinating ligands are a natural starting point. These distinct electronic structures define the physical structure of the transition metal complex and explain the reactivity or lack of reactivity of the transition metal complex. To describe these electronic structures, robust quantum chemistry methods are required. Coinciding with these methods is a theoretical framework that aims to simulate the evolution of molecules by means of a molecular dynamics simulation.

    The present work involves the study of ironpentacarbonyl or Fe(CO)5 which we use to explain the reactive landscape of a broad class of carbonyl coordinated transition metal complexes. The part of the thesis devoted to Fe(CO)5 is divided into distinct sections (i) the short-time (femtosecond-to-picosecond) gas-phase excited state molecular dynamics that produces the transient species, (ii) the long-time (picosecond-to-nanosecond) liquid-phase ground state molecular dynamics which describes the intermediates formed by the transient species and (iii) the experimental probes of the former sections. A final part of the thesis connects carbonyl containing metal complexes to another broad and detailed class of nitrosyl containing metal complexes.

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  • Roumeliotis, Filip
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Drug use and the constitution of homo politicus in Swedish politics 1966–19792024In: International journal of drug policy, ISSN 0955-3959, E-ISSN 1873-4758, Vol. 126, p. 104357-104357, article id 104357Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The emergence of the drug user as a political problem in Sweden during the 1960s presented politicians with the problem of how to fit this new character into the existing democratic order. The aim of this article is to examine how Swedish politics sought to regulate democratic participation by establishing norms that conditioned who is recognized as a political subject as well as what counts as political speech and action.

    Methods

    The analysis is based on a close reading of parliamentary debates, political motions, and public reports and covers the period 1966–1979.

    Results

    During the examined period, Swedish politics constituted the ideal subject of democratic politics, homo politicus, as a subject embedded in a community of active and politically conscious citizens endowed with the capacity to cooperate and engage in the collective formulation of the common good. Drug use therefore posed a threat to the democratic order due to its passivizing effects that inhibited the cooperation needed to uphold the democratic polity.

    Conclusion

    The perceived individualism, passivity, and inability of the drug user to engage in cooperation within a politically conscious community of citizens positioned the drug user as a threat to the democratic order. The drug user thereby became a useful figure in the political regulation of the democratic sphere and the constitution of homo politicus, the ideal subject of democratic politics.

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  • Andrée, Maria
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Teaching and Learning.
    Lager-Nyqvist, Lotta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics and Science Education.
    Forsberg Johansson, Ann-Katrin
    Botkyrka kommun.
    Utveckla undervisning om systematiskt undersökande i kemi: Arbetsrapport från ett praxisutvecklande projekt i grundskolans åk 22020Report (Other academic)
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