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Bak, Krzysztof
Publications (10 of 58) Show all publications
Bak, K. (2024). Birgitta Trotzig och det katolska: Att tro är att välja. In: Ewa Data-Bukowska; Magdalena Wasilewska-Chmura (Ed.), Filologiskt smörgåsbord 5: vetenskapliga bidrag från skandinavistiken i Kraków. 2 (pp. 25-43). Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Birgitta Trotzig och det katolska: Att tro är att välja
2024 (Swedish)In: Filologiskt smörgåsbord 5: vetenskapliga bidrag från skandinavistiken i Kraków. 2 / [ed] Ewa Data-Bukowska; Magdalena Wasilewska-Chmura, Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press, 2024, p. 25-43Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Birgitta Trotzig (1929–2011), one of Sweden’s most influential modernist writers, characterizedherself as a religious author. Investigating her autobiographical comments in interviews,essays, radio programmes etc., the article attempts to reconstruct her own fundamental theology.Swedish literary scholars usually define Trotzig’s religiosity as a kind of mysticism. Thisarticle argues, however, that her attitude towards faith was remarkably rational. As reflectedin the analysed material, her personal creed evolved following a sequence of five intellectualchoices. First, Trotzig dissociated herself from atheism and agnosticism, choosing to liveas a believer. Secondly, she rejected all religions worshipping non-personal beings and choseChristianity and its faith in a personal God. She then repudiated Protestantism and the Churchof Sweden and chose the old churches because of their rich theological and liturgical tradition.Fourth, she distanced herself from certain aspects of Orthodox spirituality and chose RomanCatholicism as her confession. In the fifth and final step, she renounced the official, conservativeCatholic dogmatism and chose the progressive, left-leaning Catholic movements, closelyconnected to the new Catholic French theology, la nouvelle théologie. The article thoroughlyelucidates the rational arguments formulated by Trotzig to justify her five religious choices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press, 2024
Keywords
Birgitta Trotzig, religious faith, Christianity, Roman Catholicism, la nouvelle théologie
National Category
General Literature Studies Specific Literatures
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-234253 (URN)9788323335986 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-10-13 Created: 2024-10-13 Last updated: 2024-10-18Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2024). Förutsättningarna för att läsa och undervisa i klassiker och äldre litteratur i Polen, Sverige och Ukraina. In: : . Paper presented at Selma Lagerlöf i Polen & Ukraina - forskning, undervisning och översättning, 2024.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Förutsättningarna för att läsa och undervisa i klassiker och äldre litteratur i Polen, Sverige och Ukraina
2024 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
National Category
General Literature Studies Specific Literatures
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-229597 (URN)
Conference
Selma Lagerlöf i Polen & Ukraina - forskning, undervisning och översättning, 2024
Note

Paneldiskussion (Krzysztof Bak är deltagare och moderator)

Available from: 2024-05-25 Created: 2024-05-25 Last updated: 2024-05-28Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2024). Kanon eller världslitteratur? Kring polsk reception av skandinavisk litteratur. In: : . Paper presented at TfL-dagarna 2024: KANON & NATION, Stockholm, Sverige, november 28-29, 2024.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Kanon eller världslitteratur? Kring polsk reception av skandinavisk litteratur
2024 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Keywords
kanon, världslitteratur, skandinavisk litteratur, polsk reception
National Category
General Literature Studies
Research subject
Literature; Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-236187 (URN)
Conference
TfL-dagarna 2024: KANON & NATION, Stockholm, Sverige, november 28-29, 2024
Available from: 2024-11-29 Created: 2024-11-29 Last updated: 2024-12-02Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2024). Kanon eller världslitteratur? Kring polsk reception av skandinavisk litteratur. Paper presented at TFL-dagarna "Kanon och nation". Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap, 54(3-4), 74-85
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Kanon eller världslitteratur? Kring polsk reception av skandinavisk litteratur
2024 (Swedish)In: Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap, ISSN 0282-7913, E-ISSN 2001-094X, Vol. 54, no 3-4, p. 74-85Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The article discusses the consecration of foreign literature in a national context. Studying the presence of Scandinavian literature in two kinds of ennobling Polish source material – classics lists, published in five encyclopedias (1959, 1962, 1970, 1974, 1995), and the classics series Biblioteka Narodowa (National Library, started 1919 and still running) – it observes that some of the consecrating mechanisms, for instance politization and the tendency to open up canon, are common to the consecration of both national literature and foreign works. In most respects, however, the consecration of foreign texts clearly diverges from the canonization of national literature: it is based on porous principles, it lacks strong institutional foundation, it largely rests on aesthetic judgements formulated within core cultures, it privileges contemporary authors, it is marked by remarkable lability, it emphasizes universal ideas, it is fascinated by the Otherness. The consecration of Scandinavian works in the analyzed Polish source material, the article concludes, corresponds relatively weakly to the power-oriented notion of canonization, normally applied to national canon formations, and can be better described by the notion of world literature, as defined within the German comparative tradition.

Keywords
Canon/canonization, world literature, literary consecration, series of classics, Biblioteka Narodowa, classics list in encyclopedia, Scandinavian literature abroad, Polish reception of foreign literature
National Category
General Literature Studies Studies of Specific Literatures
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-242337 (URN)10.54797/tfl.v54i3-4.51442 (DOI)
Conference
TFL-dagarna "Kanon och nation"
Available from: 2025-04-16 Created: 2025-04-16 Last updated: 2025-04-24Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2024). Patologins teologi: Om sjukdom, synd och frälsning hos Birgitta Trotzig. Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia, 35, 33-43
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patologins teologi: Om sjukdom, synd och frälsning hos Birgitta Trotzig
2024 (Swedish)In: Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia, ISSN 1230-4786, E-ISSN 2299-6885, Vol. 35, p. 33-43Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article has two aims. Firstly, it makes an attempt to shed new light onthe representation of sickness in Birgitta Trotzig’s (1929–2011) writings.Secondly, the article, by using its analyses of Trotzig, tries to draw sometheoretical conclusions concerning the possibilities of applying a theology ofpathology in literary studies. While earlier scholars have interpretedTrotzig’s depiction of sickness by means of secular intertexts, the startingpoint of this article is Trotzig’s adopting of Christian anthropology as heruntranscendable hermeneutic horizon. Thus, it is argued, sickness in herwritings should primarily be related to theological contexts. By close readingof a representative text passage, the opening scene of Trotzig’s best knownnovel Dykungens dotter (The Marsh King’s Daughter, 1985), the articleexplores which contexts within Christian theology of sickness that would bespecially fertile for an interpretation of her sickness discourse. The analysesreveal four theological notions of sickness as intertextually present inTrotzig’s narration: Augustine’s concupiscence, Sören Kierkegaard’sdispair, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s decomposition, and EugenDrewermann’s neurosis. The main theoretical conclusions of the analysesare: (a) that the theological notions of sickness to a high degree differ froma ”natural” experience as well as from the biblical sources, (b) that thesenotions can contradict each other and generate conceptual conflicts, and (c)that the notions therefore, when applied in literary studies, demand stronghermeneutic control.

Keywords
Birgitta Trotzig, sickness, Sören Kierkegaard, dispair, Eugen Drewermann, sin as neurosis, Augustine, concupiscence, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, disorder
National Category
Specific Literatures General Literature Studies
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-237395 (URN)10.14746/fsp-2024.35.04 (DOI)
Available from: 2024-12-20 Created: 2024-12-20 Last updated: 2025-06-24Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2023). Birgitta Trotzig och det katolska.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Birgitta Trotzig och det katolska
2023 (Swedish)Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Keywords
Birgitta Trotzig, katolicism, Svenska kyrkan, nyteologin
National Category
Specific Literatures General Literature Studies
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-214976 (URN)
Note

Birgitta Trotzig och det katolska. Föredrag av Krzysztof Bak, professor i litteraturvetenskap vid Stockholms universitet och i svensk litteratur vid Uniwersytet Jagielloński i Kraków. Birgitta Trotzig (1929–2013), en nydanare i modern svensk litteratur, kommenterade i olika sammanhang sin konvertering till katolicismen. Hon diskuterade också gärna både äldre och dagsaktuella strömningar i den katolska teologin. Hennes litterära verk öppnar med olika medel en intensiv dialog med den katolska traditionen. I vilken mån kan Trotzig uppfattas som en katolsk författare? Och vad innebär i hennes fall ”det katolska”? Trotzigforskaren Krzysztof Bak, litteraturprofessor vid Stockholms universitet och Uniwersytet Jagielloński i Kraków, försöker i sitt föredrag ge svar på dessa frågor. Stora Salen i S:ta Eugenia kl 19–20, 2023-02-09.

Available from: 2023-02-21 Created: 2023-02-21 Last updated: 2023-02-22Bibliographically approved
Bak, K., Dziedzic, D., Zillén, E. & Żurawska, E. (2023). Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder and Cultural Memory in the 19th Century. Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 18(1), 1-19
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder and Cultural Memory in the 19th Century
2023 (English)In: Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, ISSN 1897-3035, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 1-19Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article presents the research project “Searching for a New National Identity: TheConstruction of Swedish Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Poems Svenska bilder”, and functions as an introduction to the four subsequent articles in this issue of Studia Litteraria, whichare the result of the project. The principal aim of the project was a comprehensive analysis ofthe construction of cultural memory in Carl Snoilsky’s cycle of poems Svenska bilder (SwedishPictures) for many decades being part of the core canon of Swedish literature, but which remainslargely forgotten today. In part one, the article outlines the complex process of the creation andpublication of Svenska bilder. It also reviews the state of research on Snoilsky’s cycle, justifyingthe need for new theoretical perspectives. In part two, the article analyses ways in which nationalmemory is portrayed in Svenska bilder at different intra- and extranarrative levels, arguing thatcultural memory and its preservation are among the central themes of the cycle. In part three,the article illuminates the construction of cultural memory in Svenska bilder as an example ofnineteenth-century European cultural memory. The article considers three features, typical ofnineteenth-century collective memory culture, to be particularly important for Snoilsky’s poems:subjectivisation, historicisation, and nationalisation. In part four, the article discusses Svenskabilder as an attempt to democratise the model of Swedish national memory created by the Romantics. The article argues that the cultural memory in Svenska bilder in many ways reflects the liberal ideas of the second half of the nineteenth century advocated by Snoilsky. In part five,the article examines the place of Polishness in the construction of Swedish cultural memory inSvenska bilder. Although Snoilsky considered himself a friend of Poland and an advocate forthe Polish independence movements, in his cycle he assigns Polishness the role of the negativeOther that serves to consolidate a positively characterised Swedish national identity. The articleconcludes with a short presentation of the four articles that are the fruits of the presented project.

Abstract [pl]

 Artykuł jest prezentacją projektu naukowego „Searching for a New National Identity: The Construction of Swedish Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Poems Svenska bilder”i pełni funkcję wprowadzenia do czterech kolejnych artykułów niniejszego numeru czasopisma Studia Litteraria, będących rezultatem projektu. Głównym celem prezentowanego projektubyła wszechstronna analiza konstrukcji pamięci kulturowej w cyklu wierszy Svenska bilder(Szwedzkie obrazy) Carla Snoilsky’ego, zaliczanego przez wiele dziesięcioleci do ścisłego kanonu literatury szwedzkiej, a dziś w dużym stopniu zapomnianego. W części pierwszej artykułprzedstawia skomplikowany proces powstawania i publikacji Svenska bilder. Dokonuje takżeprzeglądu stanu badań nad cyklem Snoilsky’ego, motywując potrzebę nowych perspektyw teoretycznych. W części drugiej artykuł analizuje sposoby ukazania pamięci narodowej w Svenskabilder na różnych poziomach intra- i ekstranarracyjnych, dowodząc, że pamięć kulturowa i jejprzechowywanie należą do centralnych tematów cyklu. W części trzeciej artykuł naświetlakonstrukcję pamięci kulturowej w Svenska bilder jako przykład XIX-wiecznej europejskiejpamięci kulturowej. Za szczególnie ważne dla wierszy Snoilsky’ego artykuł uznaje trzy cechy,typowe dla XIX-wiecznej kultury pamięci zbiorowej: subiektywizację, historyzację i nacjonalizację. W części czwartej artykuł omawia Svenska bilder jako próbę demokratyzacji stworzonego przez romantyków wzorca szwedzkiej pamięci narodowej. Artykuł dowodzi, że pamięć kulturowa w Svenska bilder pod wieloma względami odzwierciedla liberalne idee drugiejpołowy XIX wieku, których Snoilsky był zwolennikiem. W części piątej artykuł bada miejscepolskości w konstrukcji szwedzkiej pamięci kulturowej w Svenska bilder. Mimo że Snoilskyuważał się za przyjaciela Polski i orędownika polskich ruchów niepodległościowych, w swymcyklu przydzielił polskości rolę negatywnego Innego, służącego do konsolidacji pozytywnienacechowanej szwedzkiej tożsamości narodowej. Tekst kończy krótka prezentacja czterech artykułów, będących owocami prezentowanego projektu.

Keywords
Carl Snoilsky, Svenska bilder, Swedish cultural memory, Carl Snoilsky, Svenska bilder, szwedzka pamięć kulturowa
National Category
Specific Literatures General Literature Studies
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-223349 (URN)10.4467/20843933st.23.001.17671 (DOI)
Projects
„Searching for a New National Identity: The Construction of Swedish Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Poems Svenska bilder”
Note

Häftets titel: På spaning efter en ny nationell identitet Konstruktionen av kulturminne i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder (In Search of a New National Identity: The Construction of Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder)

Available from: 2023-10-28 Created: 2023-10-28 Last updated: 2023-11-01Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2023). Kulturminnet avförtrollat?: Sekularisering och resakralisering i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder (1872-1897). In: Angelika Gröger; Joachim Schiedermair; Franziska Schlichtkrull (Ed.), Säkularisierung erzählen: Entwürfe skandinavischer Literatur um 1900 (pp. 123-152). Baden-Baden: Rombach Wissenschaft
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Kulturminnet avförtrollat?: Sekularisering och resakralisering i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder (1872-1897)
2023 (Swedish)In: Säkularisierung erzählen: Entwürfe skandinavischer Literatur um 1900 / [ed] Angelika Gröger; Joachim Schiedermair; Franziska Schlichtkrull, Baden-Baden: Rombach Wissenschaft , 2023, p. 123-152Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Cultural Memory Disenchanted? Secularization and Re-sacralization in Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder (1872-1897)

This article investigates the patterns of secularization and re-sacralization in Carl Snoilsky’s (1841–1903) collection of poems Svenska bilder (1872–1897, Swedish Pictures[KB1]  Images), ranked for a long time as a Swedish classic. The collection turns back to significant events in early modern Swedish history and has been conceived of as a compendium of national cultural memory. As a dedicated adherent of the century’s progressive liberal and democratic ideology, Snoilsky, the article shows, secularizes the historical material of the poems in accordance with four main patterns: autonomization, specialization, depotentiation, and differentiation. However, for the purpose of emphasizing Swedish patriotic values, Snoilsky simultaneously accomplishes a re-sacralization of the collection’s cultural memory by means of some recurrent patterns: ontologization, existentialization, mythization, actualization, etc.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Baden-Baden: Rombach Wissenschaft, 2023
Series
Rombach Wissenschaft - Reihe Nordica, ISSN 2749-5078 ; 31
National Category
Specific Literatures General Literature Studies
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-221872 (URN)10.5771/9783968219462-123 (DOI)978-3-96821-945-5 (ISBN)978-3-96821-946-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2023-10-05 Created: 2023-10-05 Last updated: 2024-10-04Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2023). Minneskulturell avmytisering och remytiseringi Snoilskys Svenska bilder. Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 18(1), 21-43
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Minneskulturell avmytisering och remytiseringi Snoilskys Svenska bilder
2023 (Swedish)In: Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, ISSN 1897-3035, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 21-43Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The article analyses the relationship between cultural memory and myth in CarlSnoilsky’s poetic cycle Svenska bilder (Swedish Pictures). According to theoreticians, one ofthe primary goals of the 19th-century cultural memory is to consolidate the nation-state. Politically conservative Swedish Romanticism achieves this goal by turning Swedish cultural memory into a kind of national mythology, combining mythical and historical elements. In hiscycle, Snoilsky, a democrat and a liberal, revises the Romantic construction of Swedish nationalmemory by demythicising it. However, the author’s patriotic intentions often lead to the remythicisation of the democratically calibrated events and figures featuring in the cycle. The articleanalyses this dialectic, drawing on the theories of myth by Roland Barthes, Northrop Frye, Carl Gustav Jung, Ernst Casssirer, Mircea Eliade, Max Weber, et al., and supporting them with theintertextual apparatus of Gérard Genette. Among the most important demythicising strategiesin Svenska bilder are mimetic devaluation, archetypal deheroisation, semiotic denaturalisation,and secularisation. Remythicisation in Snoilsky’s cycle is realised either by taking over selectedelements of Romantic cultural memory, or by subjecting liberal cultural memory to mythicising strategies. The most important of these include mimetic valuation, archetypal heroisation,semiotic naturalisation, and sacralisation, i.e. strategies that are in dialectical opposition to thedistinguished strategies of demythicisation.

Abstract [pl]

Artykuł analizuje związki pamięci kulturowej i mitu w cyklu wierszy CarlaSnoilsky’ego Svenska bilder. Jednym z podstawowych celów XIX-wiecznej pamięci kulturowej jest zdaniem teoretyków konsolidacja państwa narodowego. Politycznie konserwatywnyromantyzm szwedzki realizuje ten cel, nadając szwedzkiej pamięci kulturowej charakter mitologii narodowej, łączącej w sobie elementy mityczne i historyczne. Snoilsky, demokrata i liberał, dokonuje w swym cyklu rewizji romantycznej konstrukcji szwedzkiej pamięci narodowejpoprzez jej demityzację. Jednakże patriotyczne intencje autora prowadzą niejednokrotnie doremityzacji demokratycznie skalibrowanych wydarzeń i postaci cyklu. Artykuł analizuje tę dialektykę, wykorzystując teorie mitu Rolanda Barthes’a, Northropa Frye’a, Carla Gustava Junga,Ernsta Casssirera, Mircei Eliadego, Maxa Webera i in., i wspierając je intertekstualnym aparatem pojęciowym Gérarda Genette’a. Do najważniejszych strategii demityzujących w Svenskabilder zaliczono w artykule mimetyczną dewaluację, archetypiczną deheroizację, semiotycznądenaturalizację i sekularyzację. Remityzacja w cyklu Snoilsky’ego realizowana jest albo poprzez przejęcie wybranych elementów romantycznej pamięci kulturowej, albo poprzez poddanie liberalnej pamięci kulturowej strategiom mityzującym. Najważniejszymi z nich są mimetyczna waluacja, archetypiczna heroizacja, semiotyczna naturalizacja i sakralizacja, czylistrategie będące dialektycznymi przeciwieństwami wyróżnionych strategii demityzujących.

Keywords
Carl Snoilsky, Svenska bilder, liberal Swedish cultural memory, myth theory, demythicisation, remythicisation, Carl Snoilsky, Svenska bilder, liberalna szwedzka pamięć kulturowa, teoria mitu, demityzacja, remityzacja
National Category
Specific Literatures General Literature Studies
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-223348 (URN)10.4467/20843933ST.23.002.17672 (DOI)
Projects
“Searching for a New National Identity: The Construction of Swedish Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Poems Svenska bilder”
Note

Häftets titel: På spaning efter en ny nationell identitet Konstruktionen av kulturminne i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder (In Search of a New National Identity: The Construction of Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder)

Available from: 2023-10-28 Created: 2023-10-28 Last updated: 2023-11-01Bibliographically approved
Bak, K. (2023). Patologins teologi: Om vansinne, synd och skuld hos Birgitta Trotzig. In: : . Paper presented at The 34th Conference of the International Association for Scandinavian Studies Health and Happiness in Nordic Literature and Culture UiT, Tromsø, Norway, August 2-5, 2023.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patologins teologi: Om vansinne, synd och skuld hos Birgitta Trotzig
2023 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Att Birgitta Trotzigs verk kretsar kring vansinnet är en etablerad sanning i forskningen. Ofta har hennes gestaltning av mental ohälsa tolkats via politiska och postmoderna referenser. Trotzig själv har i olika sammanhang betonat att hon skriver "väldigt religiösa böcker". I mitt föredrag närmar jag mig psykisk sjukdom som tema och diskurs i hennes författarskap utifrån den kristna hamartiologin. Min startpunkt är Kierkegaards psykologiserande teori om synden i Begrebet Angest och Sygdomen till Döden, verk som haft stor betydelse för Trotzigs förståelse av jagets inre dynamik. Dessa klassiska intertexter kompletterar jag med den inflytelserika katolska 1900-talsteologi som i Kierkegaards fotspår försöker inkorporera psykopatologin i syndens sfär. Att denna religiösa systemreferens produktivt kan appliceras på Trotzigs människoskildring försöker jag visa genom en analys av de fyra huvudgestalterna i romanen Dykungens dotter - Mojan, flickan, pojken, gårdskarlen - och deras neuroser. Utifrån de nämnda teologiska teorierna diskuterar jag avslutningsvis varför nåden hos Trotzig inte får generera ett motsvarande psykiskt välmående.

Keywords
Birgitta Trotzig, Dykungens dotter, synd, sjukdom, vansinne, Kierkegaard, Drewermann, Freud, Augustinus
National Category
Specific Literatures Specific Literatures
Research subject
Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-220379 (URN)
Conference
The 34th Conference of the International Association for Scandinavian Studies Health and Happiness in Nordic Literature and Culture UiT, Tromsø, Norway, August 2-5, 2023
Available from: 2023-08-26 Created: 2023-08-26 Last updated: 2023-10-18Bibliographically approved
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