This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th IFIP Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling, PoEM 2024, which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, during December 3-5, 2024.

PoEM offers a forum for sharing experiences and knowledge between the academic community and practitioners from industry and the public sector. This year the theme of the conference is Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0.

The 17 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 48 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named as follows: Enterprise modeling for digital transformation and industry applications; advances in enterprise modelling techniques; process mining and business process analysis; security, compliance, and configuration in enterprise modeling.

In contrast to traditional business models, Digital Business Ecosystems (DBE) have several distinctive features - heterogeneity of involved actors, symbiosis in the exchange of resources, co-evolution of their interactions, and self-organisation. Designing DBEs is a task demanding a well-defined DBE’s scope, roles and responsibilities of the actors, their interactions and dependencies, as well as versatile technologies and data. The study focuses on two DBEs – Marispace-X and Skippo in the maritime domain to capture the tenets of the blue economy with dataspaces. Because the design approaches to DBE are scarce due to the paradigm’s novelty, the study aims to evaluate a model-based design method, DBEmap. The evaluation results concerning practitioners’ perceived usefulness of the DBEmap and its support for integrating DBE-related perspectives and designing and managing DBE resilience are presented.

The business world is nowadays characterized by complexity due to rapidly evolving market and customer requirements. As a consequence, software providers are facing the challenge of delivering products with higher pace and innovation. The agile methodology has a big impact on how software systems are developed - it should facilitate business value in short iterations. Requirements are the base of all software systems, and consequently, Requirements Engineering (RE) plays one of the most important roles in system development. Traditional elicitation techniques relying on stakeholders’ requests do not cover the increasing demands for considering unintended data from organisations' related digital sources, internal (transaction logs, sensors) or external (e.g., microblogs), amplifying thus the need for the elicitation of data-driven requirements. This study proposes a process that combines data-driven and traditional RE approaches for Agile software development, and specifically for the Scrum method. The process intends to assist Agile professionals to elicit requirements from digital sources in combination with intended data derived from the stakeholders without impacting the main Agile practices. The motivation for the research origins from the case studies carried in few companies having the challenge to include data-driven requirements into their Agile approaches. The usage of the proposal is illustrated on an enterprise software case, while several Scrum professionals were interviewed to evaluate its correctness and importance.

The nature of modern organizations needs to be increasingly adaptive, since they are dealing with a constant demand to respond to stimuli derived from the dynamic environments they operate in. Changing their capabilities is a common response, and this makes capability management a vital aspect of organizational survivability. To date, there are no approaches specifically designed to address this specific situation. KYKLOS and Compass are two interlinked approaches of different complexity, a DSML and a canvas, developed to support capability change. As recently developed methods, they lacked formal demonstration and evaluation; therefore, the goal of this article is to present the demonstration and evaluation of the two approaches by their stakeholders, in particular, business and modeling experts. A case study in a Swedish company in the ERP system consulting domain that is undergoing changes in its sales and consulting capabilities related to evolving customer requirements has been used to demonstrate and evaluate the two approaches. The process consisted of two evaluation cycles. The first cycle concerned KYKLOS and used two categories of evaluators, the business experts and the modeling experts. While the modeling experts evaluated positively the method, the business experts had difficulties associated with its ease of use and adoption. This resulted in the development of Compass, which was evaluated by business experts during the second evaluation cycle. Compass was evaluated more positively in terms of the difficult aspects, but the challenge is ongoing and motivates further future research.

In military operations, the integration of emerging technologies into Command- and Control systems (C2-systems) presents anurgent issue. The introduction of potentially disruptive technologies such as AI, machine learning, and unmanned systems has thepotential to significantly enhance operational efficiency. However, such technologies come with ethical dilemmas and challengesconcerning their integration into C2-capability containing legacy doctrinal and organizational components. This paper is part of aresearch project following the Design Science research (DSR) process. The main goal of the research project is to develop aconceptual framework, with models and methods, that can help designers and commanders in assessing and understanding C2-systems from a socio-technical perspective. It also aims to provide insights into how individual subsystems influence the SoS as awhole. In previous articles, the authors have discussed the challenges associated with integrating new technology into military C2-systems. This paper further elaborates on findings indicating the need to shift focus from optimizing individual components orsubsystemsto considering the entire, large, and complex system (aka System of Systems, SoS). This shift highlights a comprehensiveand holistic approach which is crucial for ensuring that C2-systems are effective, precise, and adaptable to changing conditions andrequirements. However, currently there is a gap in existing research and methodologies that can explain and predict the dynamicsbetween information systems, methods, processes, and organizational development in a SoS. To bridge this gap, it is necessary toadjust the existing frameworks for capability development to adopt a broader, more adaptable, and exhaustive scope. Additionally,a socio-technical focus in system development would facilitate a deeper understanding of the interdependencies betweenorganization, processes, and technical system evolution. Previous surveys, conducted as interviews of stakeholders, identified arefined perception of the challenges encountered within specified domains, such as, operational and development. Thestakeholders' needs were analyzed and modeled as goals for the envisioned framework. The stakeholders communicated how anadjusted framework of methods should function to tackle the challenges with the emerging technologies. By employing DSR andEnterprise Modeling, this paper proposes (i) a concepts model that outlines the principles and the overarching construction of a C2-system. This concepts model provides the foundations to goal modeling ensuring coherence and interoperability among differentmodels. We also propose (ii) a goal model for C2-systems representing the objectives for what the envisioned framework needs toaccomplish. The study results indicate that the framework is to be useful in systematically identifying and aligning the goals of anartifact with the overarching objectives, i.e., for designing military C2-systems and understanding the integration of thetechnologies. This research project contributes to ongoing research on military innovation, offering insights into the systemicchallenges and opportunities that new technologies present within the complex ecosystem of military operations.

In the context of capability development and to respond to the influence of new technology, a conceptual framework to support the integration of new technology in military command and control systems (C2-systems) is being developed. It focuses on the need to support multi-domain operations (MDO), which requires speed, flexibility, and precision. This paper presents a study of stakeholder needs and goal analysis for future C2-systems. The work is part of a Design Science Research project aiming to design a conceptual framework, with models and methods, that will help designers to evaluate and better understand the potential of a C2 System of Systems (SoS). The current state of the project is that of problem explication with preliminary findings suggesting the categorization of the core issues into three themes. These are (1) new technology, stakeholders highlighting both the opportunities and adjustments necessitated by technological advancements, (2) capability development, stakeholders critically examining and questioning the existing development strategies, and (3) leadership, organization, and culture, emphasizing the necessity of decisive leadership in this domain. The study proposes a shift in the prevailing method of capability development to apply a more comprehensive and holistic approach, aimed at adjusting to the ever-changing technological landscape in military operations.

Many nations are developing their military towards so-called Multi-Domain Operations with artificial intelligence (AI) as a pivotal component, despite identified challenges. Modern-day military operations underscore the need for updated battle management and cross-domain communication, central to the principles of Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2). AI's potential is obvious, and while autonomous platforms revolutionize warfare, they introduce complexities in command and control (C2), which is also reflected in capability development. This study identifies suitable concepts for systemic analysis of military capability and is the starting point in forming a framework for C2 capability development in the context depicted. A number of concepts are identified; Combat Power, Fighting Power, Joint functions, Warfighting functions, Elements of combat power, Warfighting Capability, DOTMLPF(I), TEPIDOIL, Fundamental inputs to capability, Defence lines of Development, and Military Power. The study also highlights their systemic character and guides the reader briefly in matching issues with suitable concepts.

Digital technologies enable novel models of social and business interactions, where trust becomes a critical design consideration. A thorough analysis of trust issues and their implications at different enterprise levels, including strategies, processes and technological solutions, becomes an imperative part of socio-technical systems design. In this study we examine trust issues that emerge among the actors of a Digital Business Ecosystems (DBE) which, if not properly addressed, can jeopardize DBE functioning and resilience. An explicit mapping between the generic DBE roles and the social factors of trustworthiness is the main contribution of this work. We demonstrate how this mapping is used in the analysis of trust issues in the context of a Higher Education Alliance DBE. This analysis leads to the identification of explicit trustworthiness requirements that can guide (re)design of DBE strategies, processes and technical platforms.