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Quantitative Analysis of SecYEG-Mediated Insertion of Transmembrane alpha-Helices into the Bacterial Inner Membrane
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab).
2013 (English)In: Journal of Molecular Biology, ISSN 0022-2836, E-ISSN 1089-8638, Vol. 425, no 15, p. 2813-2822Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Most integral membrane proteins, both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, are co-translationally inserted into the membrane via Sec-type translocons: the SecYEG complex in prokaryotes and the Sec61 complex in eukaryotes. The contributions of individual amino acids to the overall free energy of membrane insertion of single transmembrane alpha-helices have been measured for Sec61-mediated insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (Nature 450:1026-1030) but have not been systematically determined for SecYEG-mediated insertion into the bacterial inner membrane. We now report such measurements, carried out in Escherichia coli. Overall, there is a good correlation between the results found for the mammalian ER and the E. coli inner membrane, but the hydrophobicity threshold for SecYEG-mediated insertion is distinctly lower than that for Sec61-mediated insertion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 425, no 15, p. 2813-2822
Keywords [en]
SecYEG, leader peptidase, membrane protein, transmembrane helix
National Category
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93567DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.025ISI: 000322296400015OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-93567DiVA, id: diva2:647503
Note

AuthorCount:4;

Available from: 2013-09-11 Created: 2013-09-10 Last updated: 2022-03-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Membrane protein topogenesis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Membrane protein topogenesis
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The membranes of cells are highly complex and heterogeneous structures that fulfill multiple vital tasks. They form thin barriers that seal out the environment, thus defining the cell’s boundaries. They mediate the selective exchange of information and substances between the inside and outside of cells, thus making cellular life and survival possible and allowing fast adaptation to changing conditions. Not least importantly, they harbor key components of many essential processes such as the photosynthesis and respiration. Membranes are composed of a largely apolar lipid matrix densely punctuated with a large number of different proteins. These so-called membrane proteins usually span the lipid matrix and protrude out into the space on either side of the membrane.

Over millions of years of evolution, cells have developed an incredible machinery to facilitate the insertion of membrane proteins into the membrane. Our understanding of these machines and the insertion processes they mediate has reached a point where we have a very good picture of membrane protein biogenesis in various types of cells. However, more data still needs to be collected to completely comprehend the complex molecular mechanisms and the physical chemistry that underlies the different insertion processes.

The work presented in this thesis contributes to that understanding. More precisely, we have studied how weakly hydrophobic transmembrane elements of membrane proteins, which cannot spontaneously enter the largely apolar membrane matrices, are efficiently incorporated. Indeed, such elements are quite common in membrane proteins and our work has lead to the formulation of a novel mechanism for how they can be integrated into biological membranes.

We have also added to the understanding of the physical chemistry that underlies the membrane insertion process by systematically introducing non-proteinogenic amino acids into a membrane-spanning segment of a membrane protein and studying its membrane insertion capability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 2015. p. 69
National Category
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Research subject
Biochemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113384 (URN)978-91-7649-089-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-03-09, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-02-15 Created: 2015-01-29 Last updated: 2022-02-23Bibliographically approved
2. Translocation of proteins into and across the bacterial and mitochondrial inner membranes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Translocation of proteins into and across the bacterial and mitochondrial inner membranes
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Translocons are dynamic protein complexes with the ability to respond to specific signals and to transport polypeptides between two distinct environments. The Sec-type translocons are examples of such machineries that can interconvert between a pore forming conformation that translocates proteins across the membrane, and a channel-like conformation that integrates proteins into the membrane by lateral opening.

This thesis aims to identify the signals encoded in the amino acid sequence of the translocating polypeptides that trigger the translocon to release defined segments into the membrane. The selected systems are the SecYEG translocon and the TIM23 complex responsible for inserting proteins into the bacterial and the mitochondrial inner membrane, respectively.

These two translocons have been challenged in vivo with designed polypeptide segments and their insertion efficiency into the membrane was measured. This allowed identification of the sequence requirements that govern SecYEG- and TIM23-mediated membrane integration. For these two systems, “biological” hydrophobicity scales have been determined, giving the contributions of each of the 20 amino acids to the overall free energy of insertion of a transmembrane segment into the membrane.

A closer analysis of the mitochondrial system has made it possible to additionally investigate the process of membrane dislocation mediated by the m-AAA protease. The threshold hydrophobicity required for a transmembrane segment to remain in the mitochondrial inner membrane after TIM23-mediated integration depends on whether the segment will be further acted upon by the m-AAA protease.

Finally, an experimental approach is presented to distinguish between different protein sorting pathways at the level of the TIM23 complex, i.e., conservative sorting vs. stop-transfer pathways. The results suggest a connection between the metabolic state of the cell and the import of proteins into the mitochondria.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 2012. p. 86
Keywords
Escherichia coli, mitochondria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SecYEG, TIM23, transmembrane helix
National Category
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Research subject
Biochemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-83234 (URN)978-91-7447-600-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2013-01-11, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

At the time of doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper nr. 1: Manuscript; Paper nr. 4: Manuscript

Available from: 2012-12-20 Created: 2012-12-06 Last updated: 2022-02-24Bibliographically approved

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Öjemalm, KarinCalado Botelho, Salomévon Heijne, Gunnar

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