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Organization of Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Two Distinct Ribosome-Containing Assemblies
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
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2015 (English)In: Cell Reports, E-ISSN 2211-1247, Vol. 10, no 6, p. 843-853Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Mitochondria contain their own genetic system that provides subunits of the complexes driving oxidative phosphorylation. A quarter of the mitochondrial proteome participates in gene expression, but how all these factors are orchestrated and spatially organized is currently unknown. Here, we established a method to purify and analyze native and intact complexes of mitochondrial ribosomes. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed extensive interactions of ribosomes with factors involved in all the steps of posttranscriptional gene expression. These interactions result in large expressosome-like assemblies that we termed mitochondrial organization of gene expression (MIOREX) complexes. Superresolution microscopy revealed that most MIOREX complexes are evenly distributed throughout the mitochondrial network, whereas a subset is present as nucleoid-MIOREX complexes that unite the whole spectrum of organellar gene expression. Our work therefore provides a conceptual framework for the spatial organization of mitochondrial protein synthesis that likely developed to facilitate gene expression in the organelle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2015. Vol. 10, no 6, p. 843-853
National Category
Biological Sciences
Research subject
Biochemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115276DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.012ISI: 000349440200001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-115276DiVA, id: diva2:799813
Note

AuthorCount:8;

Available from: 2015-03-31 Created: 2015-03-18 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Organization of mitochondrial gene expression in yeast: Specific features of organellar protein synthesis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Organization of mitochondrial gene expression in yeast: Specific features of organellar protein synthesis
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Mitochondria contain their own genetic system, encoding key subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system. These subunits are expressed by an organelle-specific gene expression machinery. This work revealed a number of fundamental aspects of mitochondrial gene expression and provides evidence that this process is organized in a unique and organelle-specific manner which likely evolved to optimize protein synthesis and assembly in mitochondria. Most importantly, improving the experimental handling of ribosomes we could show that mitochondrial ribosomes are organized in large assemblies that we termed MIOREX complexes. Ribosomes present in these complexes organize gene expression by recruiting multiple factors required for post-transcriptional steps. In addition, we could reveal mechanisms by which ribosome-interactor complexes modulate and coordinate the expression and assembly of the respiratory chain subunits. For example we showed that the Cbp3-Cbp6 complex binds to the ribosome in proximity to the tunnel exit to coordinate synthesis and assembly of cytochrome b. This location perfectly positions Cbp3-Cbp6 for direct binding to newly synthesized cytochrome b and permits Cbp3-Cbp6 to establish a feedback loop that allows modulation of cytochrome b synthesis in response to assembly efficiency. Likewise the interaction of the membrane-anchor proteins Mba1 and Mdm38 with the tunnel exit region enables them to participate in the translation of the two intron-encoding genes COX1 and COB in addition to their role in membrane insertion.  In summary, work presented in this thesis shows that mitochondrial gene expression is a highly organized and regulated process. The concepts and technical innovations will facilitate the elucidation of many additional and important aspects and therefore contribute to the general understanding of how proteins are synthesized in mitochondria.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 2014. p. 73
Keywords
Mitochondria, translation, bc1 complex, ribosome, gene expression
National Category
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Research subject
Biochemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107568 (URN)978-91-7447-985-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2014-11-07, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.

Available from: 2014-10-16 Created: 2014-09-19 Last updated: 2022-02-23Bibliographically approved
2. The interactome of the yeast mitochondrial ribosome: Organization of mitochondrial post-transcriptional regulation, membrane protein insertion and quality control
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The interactome of the yeast mitochondrial ribosome: Organization of mitochondrial post-transcriptional regulation, membrane protein insertion and quality control
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The proteins found in mitochondria originate from two different genetic systems. Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and post-translationally imported into the organelle. However, a small subset of mitochondrial proteins is encoded in an organelle-resident genome. Mitochondria contain factors responsible for replication, transcription and, most important for this thesis, synthesis of the mitochondrially encoded proteins. In the course of evolution the mitochondria specific ribosomes were extensively remodeled. The reasons for many of these adaptations are currently not well understood. For example, the mitoribosome is less stable and abundant than its bacterial counterpart. Therefore, I contributed in the development of robust biochemical tools in order to isolate and analyze the intact yeast mitoribosome and interaction partners by mass spectrometry. The results revealed a higher order organization of mitochondrial gene expression in complexes that we termed MIOREX (mitochondrial organization of gene expression). Besides the mitoribosome, MIOREX complexes contain factors involved in all steps of gene expression. This study also established many new ribosomal interaction partners, among them some proteins that were previously completely uncharacterized. In order to study these proteins, I refined the mass spectrometry approach, allowing a subunit-specific assignment of ribosomal interaction partners. The Mrx15 protein was determined by this approach as an interactor of the large subunit. I established that Mrx15 has overlapping functions with the ribosome receptor Mba1. Both proteins are necessary for mitoribosome membrane attachment and co-translational Cox2 membrane insertion. In a subsequent study I found a functional interaction of MRX15 and MBA1 with the regulators of the membrane-bound AAA proteases of the mitochondrial quality control system. Furthermore, the absence of Mrx15 leads to increased, the absence of Mba1 to decreased proteotoxic stress resistance of yeast cells. These results demonstrate an interesting connection between the mitochondrial quality control and membrane insertion machineries, suggesting an early quality control step during the biogenesis of mitochondrially encoded proteins. In addition, we could reveal a subunit-specific interaction of translational activators and client mRNAs with the mitochondrial ribosome. This organization demonstrated how cytochrome b synthesis is pre-organized by specific translational activators independently of the COB mRNA. In summary, the work in this thesis showed how the vast and diverse interactome of the yeast mitoribosome organizes and regulates mitochondrial translation. These regulation mechanisms highlighted many organelle specific features. The work presented here will serve as starting point to design future studies aimed at a better understanding on how mitochondria adapted to organize gene expression inside the organelle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 2018. p. 72
Keywords
Mitochondria, mitochondrial post-transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial ribosome, membrane protein insertion, mitochondrial quality control
National Category
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Research subject
Biochemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-159455 (URN)978-91-7797-404-8 (ISBN)978-91-7797-405-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-10-19, Magnélisalen Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Available from: 2018-09-26 Created: 2018-09-05 Last updated: 2022-02-26Bibliographically approved

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Kehrein, KirstenVargas Möller-Hergt, BraulioOtt, Martin

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