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Surface superrotation
Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU).ORCID-id: 0000-0002-5507-9209
Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU).ORCID-id: 0000-0003-4786-6058
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, ISSN 0022-4928, E-ISSN 1520-0469, Vol. 75, nr 10, s. 3671-3689Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Equatorial superrotation is commonly observed in simulations of Earth and planetary climates, but is almost without exception found to occur only at upper levels, with zero or easterly winds at the surface. Surface superrotation—a state with climatological zonal-mean westerlies at the equatorial surface—would lead to a major reorganization of the tropical ocean circulation with important consequences for global climate. Here, we examine the mechanisms that give rise to surface superrotation. We identify four theoretical scenarios under which surface superrotation may be achieved. Using an axisymmetric model forced by prescribed zonal-mean torques, we provide concrete examples of surface superrotation under all four scenarios. We also find that we can induce surface superrotation in a full-complexity atmospheric general circulation model, albeit in an extreme parameter range (in particular, convective momentum transport is artificially increased by almost an order of magnitude). We conclude that a transition to surface superrotation is unlikely in Earth-like climates, including ancient or future warm climates, though this conclusion is subject to the currently large uncertainties in the parameterization of convective momentum transport.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2018. Vol. 75, nr 10, s. 3671-3689
Emneord [en]
Atmospheric circulation, Eddies, Hadley circulation, Madden-Julian oscillation, Planetary atmospheres, Rossby waves
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
atmosfärvetenskap och oceanografi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158486DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-18-0076.1ISI: 000450965000002OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-158486DiVA, id: diva2:1237005
Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-08-07 Laget: 2018-08-07 Sist oppdatert: 2022-03-23bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Atmospheric dynamics and the hydrologic cycle in warm climates
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Atmospheric dynamics and the hydrologic cycle in warm climates
2018 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Past warm climates represent one extreme of Earth's known climate states. Here, we study warm climates in both idealized simulations and full-complexity general circulation model (GCM) simulations of the early Eocene epoch, approximately 50 million years ago.

In increasingly warmer idealized aquaplanet simulations, the amplitude of intra-seasonal tropical variability is enhanced. The anomalies propagate eastward in the tropics and resemble the observed Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The strong MJO anomalies drive a momentum convergence on the equator that causes westerly winds in the troposphere, a state known as superrotation. The results in this thesis show that superrotation further enhances the MJO by affecting the penetration of midlatitude eddies into the deep tropics. An additional question is how a super-rotating atmosphere, a dramatically different general circulation regime compared to today, will affect the climate, potentially via changes in cloud distributions and ocean circulation. If the superrotation extends down to the surface near the equator, surface westerly winds will drive equatorial downwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, rather than upwelling as in the present climate. Here, we show that surface superrotation is unlikely in past warm climates, although this in part depends on the intensity of the vertical momentum transfer associated with cumulus convection and how this process is represented in a specific GCM. 

There is, currently, no consensus on what the specific mix of forcings was that caused the warm climates of the early Eocene. High greenhouse gases likely played a significant role, but simulations with reasonable greenhouse gas concentrations cannot reproduce the high temperatures estimated by proxy data. Here, we investigate both an early Eocene climate forced by high greenhouse gas concentrations and one forced by optically thinner clouds, with artificially increased cloud droplet radius that causes increased solar radiation at the surface. Both alternative warming scenarios produce nearly identical zonal mean temperatures, but the hydrologic cycle differs; the thinner clouds scenario has 11% larger global mean precipitation. Moreover, the results in this thesis indicate that a reasonable estimate of vegetation, based on the model simulation, is likely necessary to evaluate alternative warming scenarios with proxy data.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 2018. s. 30
Emneord
superrotation, early Eocene, warm climates, Madden-Julian Oscillation, the hydrologic cycle, vegetation sensitivity, large-scale circulation
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
atmosfärvetenskap och oceanografi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158487 (URN)978-91-7797-352-2 (ISBN)978-91-7797-353-9 (ISBN)
Disputas
2018-09-20, William-Olssonsalen, Geovetenskapens hus, Svante Arrhenius väg 14, Stockholm, 10:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.

Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-08-28 Laget: 2018-08-07 Sist oppdatert: 2022-02-26bibliografisk kontrollert

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