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Fast and reliable alignment and classification of biological macromolecules in electron microscopy images
Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik. Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory. (Erik Lindahl)ORCID-id: 0000-0002-6247-4063
2020 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

In the last century, immense progress has been made to charter and understand a wide range of biological phenomena. The origin of genetic inheritance was determined, showing that DNA holds genes that determine the architecture of proteins, utilized by the cell for most functions. Mapping of the human genome eventually revealed around 20000 genes, showing a vast complexity of biology at its most fundamental level.

To study the molecular structure, function and regulation of proteins, spectroscopic techniques and microscopy are employed. Until just over a decade ago, the determination of atomic detail of biomolecules like proteins was limited to those that were small or possible to crystallize. However recent technological advances in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) now allows it to routinely reach resolutions where it can provide a wealth of new information on molecular biological phenomena by permitting new targets to be structurally characterized.

In cryo-EM, biological molecules are suspended in thin vitreous sheet of ice and imaged in projection. Collecting millions of such images permits the reconstruction of the original molecular structure, by appropriate alignment and averaging of the particle images. This however requires immense computational effort, which just a few years ago was prohibitive to full use of the image data.

In this thesis, I describe the development of fast algorithms for processing of cryo-EM data, utilizing GPUs by exposing the inherent parallelism of its alignment and classification. The acceleration of this processing has changed how biological research can utilize cryo-EM data. The drastically reduced processing time now allows more extensive processing, development of new and more demanding processing tools, and broader access to cryo-EM as a method for biological investigation. As an example of what is now possible, I show the processing of the fungal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which poses unique processing challenges. Through extensive processing, new biological information can be inferred, reconciling numerous previous findings from biochemical research. The processing of PDC also exemplifies current limitations to established.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, Stockholms Universitet , 2020. , s. 100
Emneord [en]
cryo-EM, electron microscopy, GPU, parallel processing, protein structure
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
biokemi med inriktning mot bioinformatik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-179802ISBN: 978-91-7911-050-5 (tryckt)ISBN: 978-91-7911-051-2 (digital)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-179802DiVA, id: diva2:1413311
Disputas
2020-04-24, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B, Stockholm, 13:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.

Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-04-01 Laget: 2020-03-10 Sist oppdatert: 2025-02-20bibliografisk kontrollert
Delarbeid
1. Accelerated cryo-EM structure determination with parallelisation using GPUs in RELION-2
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Accelerated cryo-EM structure determination with parallelisation using GPUs in RELION-2
2016 (engelsk)Inngår i: eLIFE, E-ISSN 2050-084X, Vol. 5, artikkel-id e18722Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

By reaching near-atomic resolution for a wide range of specimens, single-particle cryo-EM structure determination is transforming structural biology. However, the necessary calculations come at large computational costs, which has introduced a bottleneck that is currently limiting throughput and the development of new methods. Here, we present an implementation of the RELION image processing software that uses graphics processors (GPUs) to address the most computationally intensive steps of its cryo-EM structure determination workflow. Both image classification and high-resolution refinement have been accelerated more than an order-of-magnitude, and template-based particle selection has been accelerated well over two orders-of-magnitude on desktop hardware. Memory requirements on GPUs have been reduced to fit widely available hardware, and we show that the use of single precision arithmetic does not adversely affect results. This enables high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in a matter of days on a single workstation.

HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
biokemi med inriktning mot bioinformatik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141500 (URN)10.7554/eLife.18722 (DOI)000394244600001 ()
Tilgjengelig fra: 2017-04-05 Laget: 2017-04-05 Sist oppdatert: 2024-12-09bibliografisk kontrollert
2. New tools for automated high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in RELION-3
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>New tools for automated high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in RELION-3
Vise andre…
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: eLIFE, E-ISSN 2050-084X, Vol. 7, artikkel-id e42166Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Here, we describe the third major release of RELION. CPU-based vector acceleration has been added in addition to GPU support, which provides flexibility in use of resources and avoids memory limitations. Reference-free autopicking with Laplacian-of-Gaussian filtering and execution of jobs from python allows non-interactive processing during acquisition, including 2D-classification, de novo model generation and 3D-classification. Per-particle refinement of CTF parameters and correction of estimated beam tilt provides higher resolution reconstructions when particles are at different heights in the ice, and/or coma-free alignment has not been optimal. Ewald sphere curvature correction improves resolution for large particles. We illustrate these developments with publicly available data sets: together with a Bayesian approach to beam-induced motion correction it leads to resolution improvements of 0.2-0.7 angstrom compared to previous RELION versions.

HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
biokemi med inriktning mot bioinformatik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162855 (URN)10.7554/eLife.42166 (DOI)000450857100001 ()30412051 (PubMedID)
Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-12-28 Laget: 2018-12-28 Sist oppdatert: 2024-12-09bibliografisk kontrollert
3. Structure of the chloroplast ribosome with chl-RRF and hibernation-promoting factor
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Structure of the chloroplast ribosome with chl-RRF and hibernation-promoting factor
Vise andre…
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Nature Plants, ISSN 2055-026X, Vol. 4, s. 212-217Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Oxygenic photosynthesis produces oxygen and builds a variety of organic compounds, changing the chemistry of the air, the sea and fuelling the food chain on our planet. The photochemical reactions underpinning this process in plants take place in the chloroplast. Chloroplasts evolved ~1.2 billion years ago from an engulfed primordial diazotrophic cyanobacterium, and chlororibosomes are responsible for synthesis of the core proteins driving photochemical reactions. Chlororibosomal activity is spatiotemporally coupled to the synthesis and incorporation of functionally essential co-factors, implying the presence of chloroplast-specific regulatory mechanisms and structural adaptation of the chlororibosome1,2. Despite recent structural information3,4,5,6, some of these aspects remained elusive. To provide new insights into the structural specialities and evolution, we report a comprehensive analysis of the 2.9–3.1 Å resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the spinach chlororibosome in complex with its recycling factor and hibernation-promoting factor. The model reveals a prominent channel extending from the exit tunnel to the chlororibosome exterior, structural re-arrangements that lead to increased surface area for translocon binding, and experimental evidence for parallel and convergent evolution of chloro- and mitoribosomes.

HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
biokemi med inriktning mot bioinformatik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-156633 (URN)10.1038/s41477-018-0129-6 (DOI)000430648300011 ()
Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-05-28 Laget: 2018-05-28 Sist oppdatert: 2024-12-09bibliografisk kontrollert
4. Cryo-EM reconstruction of the chlororibosome to 3.2 angstrom resolution within 24 h
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Cryo-EM reconstruction of the chlororibosome to 3.2 angstrom resolution within 24 h
Vise andre…
2017 (engelsk)Inngår i: IUCrJ, E-ISSN 2052-2525, Vol. 4, s. 723-727Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

The introduction of direct detectors and the automation of data collection in cryo-EM have led to a surge in data, creating new opportunities for advancing computational processing. In particular, on-the-fly workflows that connect data collection with three-dimensional reconstruction would be valuable for more efficient use of cryo-EM and its application as a sample-screening tool. Here, accelerated on-the-fly analysis is reported with optimized organization of the data-processing tools, image acquisition and particle alignment that make it possible to reconstruct the three-dimensional density of the 70S chlororibosome to 3.2 angstrom resolution within 24 h of tissue harvesting. It is also shown that it is possible to achieve even faster processing at comparable quality by imposing some limits to data use, as illustrated by a 3.7 angstrom resolution map that was obtained in only 80 min on a desktop computer. These on-the-fly methods can be employed as an assessment of data quality from small samples and extended to high-throughput approaches.

Emneord
cryo-EM, image processing, chlororibosome
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
biokemi med inriktning mot bioinformatik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149831 (URN)10.1107/S205225251701226X (DOI)000414266200004 ()29123673 (PubMedID)
Tilgjengelig fra: 2017-12-13 Laget: 2017-12-13 Sist oppdatert: 2024-12-09bibliografisk kontrollert
5. Assembly and symmetry of the fungal E3BP-containing core of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Assembly and symmetry of the fungal E3BP-containing core of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
Vise andre…
(engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a central component of all aerobic respiration, connecting glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. Despite its central metabolic role, its precise composition and means of regulation remain unknown. To explain the variation in stoichiometry reported for the E3-recruiting protein X (PX) in the fungal PDC, we established cryo-EM reconstructions of the native and recombinant PDC from the filamentous fungus and model organism Neurospora crassa. We find that the PX C-terminal domain localizes interior to the E2 core. Critically, we show that two distinct arrangements of a trimeric oligomer exists, which both result in strict tetrahedral symmetry of the PDC core interior. Both oligomerization and volume occlusion of the PDC interior by PX appears to limit its binding stoichiometry, which explains the variety of stoichiometries found previously for S. cerevisiae. This also suggests that the PX oligomer stability and size are potential mechanisms to dynamically adjust PDC compostion in response to external cues. Moreover, we find that the site where PX binds is conserved within fungi but not mammals, suggesting that it could be therapeutically targeted. To this end, we also show that a PX knockout results in loss of activity through dysfunctional E3 recruitment, leading to severely impaired N. crassa growth on sucrose. The fungal PDC is thus shown to be fundamentally similar to the mammalian PDC in function but subject to other conditions of possible regulation, conditioned by a steric restrictions imposed by the symmetry of the PDC and its components.

HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
biokemi med inriktning mot bioinformatik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-179830 (URN)
Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-03-10 Laget: 2020-03-10 Sist oppdatert: 2025-02-20bibliografisk kontrollert

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Fast and reliable alignment and classification of biological macromolecules in electron microscopy images(12526 kB)1766 nedlastinger
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