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The diversity and radiation of the largest monophyletic animal group on New Caledonia (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae: Agmina)
Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Zoologiska institutionen, Avdelningen för zoologisk systematik och evolutionsforskning.
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology department.
2010 (Engelska)Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, ISSN 1010-061X, E-ISSN 1420-9101, Vol. 23, nr 10, s. 2112-2122Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

In area, New Caledonia is the smallest of the world's 25 official biodiversity hotspots, but in many taxonomic groups, the island has the highest concentration of species on earth, particularly so in the freshwater insect order Trichoptera. This study aims at applying molecular data and morphology for estimating the real species diversity of the genus Agmina on New Caledonia and investigating potential effects of ultramafic rock substrate on diversification. A dated molecular phylogeny was applied to study diversity and diversification related to geological substrate using the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model, diva and Bayesian ancestral character reconstruction. More than 47 species (> 63%) were unknown to science. Initial radiation occurred on ultramafic substrate followed by several independent dispersal events to nonultramafic substrate. The rate of shift from ultramafic to nonultramafic substrate was significantly higher than the rate of shift in the opposite direction, indicating a possible cost associated with living on ultramafic substrate.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2010. Vol. 23, nr 10, s. 2112-2122
Nyckelord [en]
Agmina, biogeography, diversification, Ecnomidae, evolution, freshwater, species diversity, south-west Pacific, Trichoptera, ultramafic substrate
Nationell ämneskategori
Zoologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41152DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02072.xISI: 000281827000008OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-41152DiVA, id: diva2:328534
Tillgänglig från: 2010-07-05 Skapad: 2010-07-05 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-24Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Diversification on an ancient Darwinian island: Evolutionary history of caddisflies (Trichoptera) and other organisms on New Caledonia
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Diversification on an ancient Darwinian island: Evolutionary history of caddisflies (Trichoptera) and other organisms on New Caledonia
2010 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Islands are either of continental or oceanic origin, and the biota of such islands are a result of vicariance and dispersal, respectively. New Caledonia, in the South Pacific, is a part of former Gondwana, but the origin of its biota is heavily debated. Geological studies show that the island was submerged in the Eocene, and that oceanic crust was obducted onto New Caledonia leaving a thick layer of ultramafic rocks on top of the island. We tested the null hypothesis that New Caledonian biota are a result of old Gondwanan vicariance by fitting diversification models on phylogenies from the literature and calculating the gamma statistic. According to the null hypothesis diversification is gradual over time. If on the other hand the biota are a result of recent dispersal or have survived in refugia we would expect slowing of diversification over time. Based on our results we can reject the null hypothesis of old vicariance for the New Caledonian biota. The caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna on New Caledonia is exceptionally rich with around 600 species, and more than 99.9% are endemic. Molecular phylogenetic hypotheses for three monophyletic caddisfly radiations, Xanthochorema, Caledopsyche et al. and Agmina, are presented. Age estimates agrees with the geological evidence. Three new species of Xanthochorema are described and more than 63% of the Agmina species are new to science. The ultramafic rock substrate, with high heavy metal concentration, has led to high levels of plant adaptation on New Caledonia. We show that caddisflies adapted early to this substrate and subsequently dispersed to non-ultramafic substrate several times, with significantly fewer dispersal events back to the toxic substrate, indicating that adaptation to ultramafic substrate is required and recolonization is difficult when this adaptation has been lost. Ultramafic substrate and other environmental factors have been important in driving the diversification of New Caledonian caddisflies.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 2010. s. 35
Nyckelord
New Caledonia, Trichoptera, island, biogeography, phylogenetics, DNA, dispersal, vicariance, adaptation, ultramafic, diversification, new species, environmental factors
Forskningsämne
zoologisk systematik och evolutionsforskning
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41154 (URN)978-91-7447-114-4 (ISBN)
Disputation
2010-10-15, Lilla Hörsalen, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Frescativägen 40, Stockholm, 13:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Anmärkning
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 5: AcceptedTillgänglig från: 2010-09-23 Skapad: 2010-07-05 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-24Bibliografiskt granskad

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Espeland, MarianneJohanson, Kjell Arne

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