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Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with prejudice towards a fictive group of immigrants
Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Perception och psykofysik.
Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Perception och psykofysik.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-0856-0569
Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2019 (engelsk)Inngår i: Physiology and Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, E-ISSN 1873-507X, Vol. 201, s. 221-227Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Why are certain individuals persistent in opposing immigration? The behavioral immune system framework implies that a psychological mechanism, which adapted to detect and avoid pathogen threats, is also reflected in contemporary social attitudes. Moreover, prejudice towards outgroups might be partially driven by implicit pathogen concerns related to the perceived dissimilarity with these groups' hygiene and food preparation practices. Disgust, a universal core emotion supposedly evolved to avoid pathogen threats, as well as olfaction, both play a pivotal role in evoking disgust. In an online study (N = 800), we investigated whether individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) correlate with negative attitudes towards a fictive refugee group. The data analysis plan and hypotheses were preregistered. Results show that body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia: BODS was positively associated with negative attitudes towards the fictive group. This relationship was partially mediated by perceived dissimilarities of the group in terms of hygiene and food preparation. Our finding suggests prejudice might be rooted in sensory mechanisms.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2019. Vol. 201, s. 221-227
Emneord [en]
olfaction, disgust, prejudice, behavioral immune system, xenophobia, body odor disgust sensitivity
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
psykologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-167407DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.006ISI: 000460824400027OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-167407DiVA, id: diva2:1299832
Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-03-28 Laget: 2019-03-28 Sist oppdatert: 2022-05-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Olfaction and prejudice: The role of body odor disgust sensitivity and disease avoidance in understanding social attitudes
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Olfaction and prejudice: The role of body odor disgust sensitivity and disease avoidance in understanding social attitudes
2022 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Disease avoidance is one of the main roles of olfaction. In particular, body odors are universal elicitors of disgust, a core emotion that plays a key role in disease avoidance. The disease avoidance theoretical framework emphasizes psychological mechanisms – attitudes and behaviors – aiming to recognize and evade pathogen threats. Thus, it focuses on behavioral immune defenses and disgust, which often evokes such attitudes and behaviors. Importantly, the quality of body odors changes with sickness, and thus olfactory disease detection is possible. Body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) might reflect a behavioral disposition to avoid pathogens, and it may also involve social attitudes that prefer limited contact with strangers. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate the connection between olfaction, (body) odor disgust, and social attitudes from the perspective of disease avoidance.

In Study I, I investigated the relationship between disgust sensitivity to body odors and prejudice. Using an online survey, I found that high levels of BODS were associated with stronger prejudice towards a fictitious refugee group and that this relationship was partially explained by perceiving the group as different in terms of food, hygiene, and sanitary practices. In Study II, I looked at the association between olfactory stimulation, BODS, and implicit bias toward an outgroup. BODS levels were positively related to implicit bias towards an outgroup; however, this bias was not affected by olfactory cues. In Study III, I aimed to see if the relationship between BODS and prejudice generalizes across different cultures and locations. I found that higher BODS levels were associated with more prejudiced attitudes towards a fictitious refugee group across nine countries on all continents. As in Study I, this relationship was partially explained by perceived dissimilarities of the refugees’ norms regarding hygiene and food preparation, and general attitudes toward immigration. In Study IV, I investigated the relationship between the self-reported body odor disgust and perception of real odors, showing that individuals with higher BODS levels perceived smells as more highly valenced overall: unpleasant smells were rated as more unpleasant, and pleasant smells were rated as more pleasant.

Overall, the research presented in this thesis supports the idea that there is a link between olfactory disgust and prejudice, which can be explained by disease avoidance behaviors.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2022. s. 86
Emneord
olfaction, disease avoidance, prejudice, body odors, disgust sensitivity
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
psykologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-204430 (URN)978-91-7911-932-4 (ISBN)978-91-7911-933-1 (ISBN)
Disputas
2022-08-25, Hörsal 4, Hus 2, Albano, Albanovägen 18 and online via Zoom, public link is available at the department website, Stockholm, 10:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-05-31 Laget: 2022-05-05 Sist oppdatert: 2022-05-24bibliografisk kontrollert

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Zakrzewska, MartaOlofsson, Jonas K.Lindholm, TorunBlomkvist, Anna

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