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Chemical Activity-Based Loading of Artificial Sediments with Organic Pollutants for Bioassays: A Proof of Concept
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4192-6956
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1549-7449
Number of Authors: 42024 (English)In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, ISSN 0730-7268, E-ISSN 1552-8618, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 279-287Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pose a risk in aquatic environments. In sediment, this risk is frequently evaluated using total or organic carbon-normalized concentrations. However, complex physicochemical sediment characteristics affect POP bioavailability in sediment, making its prediction a challenging task. This task can be addressed using chemical activity, which describes a compound's environmentally effective concentration and can generally be approximated by the degree of saturation for each POP in its matrix. We present a proof of concept to load artificial sediments with POPs to reach a target chemical activity. This approach is envisioned to make laboratory ecotoxicological bioassays more reproducible and reduce the impact of sediment characteristics on the risk assessment. The approach uses a constantly replenished, saturated, aqueous POP solution to equilibrate the organic carbon fraction (e.g., peat) of an artificial sediment, which can be further adjusted to target chemical activities by mixing with clean peat. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach using four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene). Within 5 to 17 weeks, the peat slurry reached a chemical equilibrium with the saturated loading solution. We used two different peat batches (subsamples from the same source) to evaluate the approach. Variations in loading kinetics and eventual equilibrium concentrations were evident between the batches, which highlights the impact of even minor disparities in organic carbon properties within two samples of peat originating from the same source. This finding underlines the importance of moving away from sediment risk assessments based on total concentrations. The value of the chemical activity-based loading approach lies in its ability to anticipate similar environmental impacts, even with varying contaminant concentrations. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 43, no 2, p. 279-287
Keywords [en]
Sediment assessment, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Equilibrium partitioning theory, Sediment pore water, Bioavailability
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-225100DOI: 10.1002/etc.5788ISI: 001114954400001PubMedID: 37975553Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85178923894OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-225100DiVA, id: diva2:1824735
Available from: 2024-01-08 Created: 2024-01-08 Last updated: 2024-02-22Bibliographically approved

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Abel, SebastianEriksson Wiklund, Ann-KristinGorokhova, ElenaSobek, Anna

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