Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Revered and reviled: a sentiment analysis of female and male referents in three languages
Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Linguistics, General Linguistics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9592-5780
Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Linguistics, Computational Linguistics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6027-4156
Number of Authors: 32024 (English)In: Frontiers in Communication, E-ISSN 2297-900X, Vol. 9, article id 1266407Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Our study contributes to the less explored domain of lexical typology, focusing on semantic prosody and connotation. Semantic derogation, or pejoration of nouns referring to women, whereby such words acquire connotations and further denotations of social pejoration, immorality and/or loose sexuality, has been a very prominent question in studies on gender and language (change). It has been argued that pejoration emerges due to the general derogatory attitudes toward female referents. However, the evidence for systematic differences in connotations of female- vs. male-related words is fragmentary and often fairly impressionistic; moreover, many researchers argue that expressed sentiments toward women (as well as men) often are ambivalent. One should also expect gender differences in connotations to have decreased in the recent years, thanks to the advances of feminism and social progress. We test these ideas in a study of positive and negative connotations of feminine and masculine term pairs such as woman - man, girl - boy, wife - husband, etc. Sentences containing these words were sampled from diachronic corpora of English, Chinese and Russian, and sentiment scores for every word were obtained using two systems for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis: PyABSA, and OpenAI's large language model GPT-3.5. The Generalized Linear Mixed Models of our data provide no indications of significantly more negative sentiment toward female referents in comparison with their male counterparts. However, some of the models suggest that female referents are more infrequently associated with neutral sentiment than male ones. Neither do our data support the hypothesis of the diachronic convergence between the genders. In sum, results suggest that pejoration is unlikely to be explained simply by negative attitudes to female referents in general.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 9, article id 1266407
Keywords [en]
semantic derogation, pejoration, sentiment analysis, diachronic corpora, semantic change, semantic prosody, gender stereotypes, prejudice
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-228590DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1266407ISI: 001199813900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85189960209OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-228590DiVA, id: diva2:1853716
Available from: 2024-04-23 Created: 2024-04-23 Last updated: 2024-04-23Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Koptjevskaja-Tamm, MariaÖstling, Robert

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, MariaÖstling, Robert
By organisation
General LinguisticsComputational Linguistics
In the same journal
Frontiers in Communication
General Language Studies and Linguistics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 153 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf