Decentralisation, a public governance model known for its potential to enhance efficiency and public value creation, can be facilitated through digital transformation, particularly by making use of blockchain technology. Research in the information systems and public administration domains has shown that blockchain’s distributed ledger systems enable transparent, tamper-resistant record-keeping and automated processes via smart contracts, reducing the need for centralised control. However, despite its promises, the adoption of blockchain in public organisations has been slow, with empirical studies yielding mixed results regarding its impact on organisational performance. This study investigated to explore whether blockchain-enabled digital transformation can facilitate decentralised public governance and subsequently improve organisational performance. Employing a mixed-methods research strategy—literature review, case study, and survey—the paper identifies and ranks critical factors that influence the relationship between blockchain-driven digital transformation and organisational performance.