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Large Volume Injection and Hyphenated Techniques for Gas Chromatographic Determination of PBDEs and Carbazoles in Air
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry.
2005 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis is based on studies in which the suitability of various gas chromatography (GC) injection techniques was examined for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and carbazoles, two groups of compounds that are thermally labile and/or have high boiling-points. For such substances, it is essential to introduce the samples into the GC system in an appropriate way to avoid degradation and other potential problems. In addition, different types of gas chromatographic column system and mass spectrometric detectors were evaluated for the determination of PBDEs.

Conventional injectors, such as splitless, on-column and programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injectors were evaluated and optimized for determination of PBDEs. The results show on-column injection to be the best option, providing low discrimination and high precision. The splitless injector is commonly used for “dirty” samples. However, it is not suitable for determination of the high molecular weight congeners, since it tends to discriminate against them and promote their degradation, leading to poor precision and accuracy. The PTV injector appears to be a more suitable alternative. The use of liners reduces problems associated with potential interferents such as polar compounds and lipids and compared to the hot splitless injector, it provides gentler solvent evaporation, due to its temperature programming feature, leading to low discrimination and variance.

Increasing the injection volume from the conventional 1-3 µL to >50 µL offers two main benefits. Firstly, the overall detection and quantification limits are decreased, since the entire sample extract can be injected into the GC system. Secondly, large volume injections enable hyphenation of preceding techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), solid phase extraction and other kinds of extraction. Large-volume injections were utilized and optimized in the studies included in this thesis.

With a loop-type injector/interface large sample volumes can be injected on-column providing low risk of discrimination against compounds with low volatility. This injector was used for the determination of PBDEs in air and as an interface for the determination of carbazoles by LC-GC. Peak distortion is a frequently encountered problem associated with this type of injector that was addressed and solved during the work underlying this thesis.

The PTV can be used as a large volume injector, in so-called solvent vent mode. This technique was evaluated for the determination of PBDEs and as an interface for coupling dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction online to GC. The results show that careful optimization of the injection parameters is required, but also that the PTV is robust and yields reproducible results.

PBDEs are commonly detected using mass spectrometry in electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode, monitoring bromine ions (m/z 79 and 81). The mass spectrometric properties of the fully brominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209, have been investigated. A high molecular weight fragment at m/z 486/488 enables the use of 13C-labeled BDE-209 as an internal surrogate standard.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Institutionen för analytisk kemi , 2005. , p. 170
Keywords [en]
large volume injection, hyphenated techniques, LC-GC, GC-MS, mass spectrometry, GC, gas chromatography, carbazoles, PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ethers
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367ISBN: 91-7155-014-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-367DiVA, id: diva2:193014
Public defence
2005-03-11, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 12 A, Stockholm, 10:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Influence of the injection technique and column system on gas chromatographic determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of the injection technique and column system on gas chromatographic determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)
Show others...
2004 In: Journal of Chromatography A, ISSN 0021-9673, Vol. 1041, no 1-2, p. 201-210Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-23576 (URN)
Note
Part of urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18Bibliographically approved
2. Large volume injection GC-MS in electron capture negative ion mode utilizing isotopic dilution for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in air
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large volume injection GC-MS in electron capture negative ion mode utilizing isotopic dilution for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in air
2003 In: Journal of Separation Science, ISSN 1615-9306, Vol. 26, no 12-13, p. 1103-1110Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-23577 (URN)
Note
Part of urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18Bibliographically approved
3. Large-volume programmed-temperature vaporizer injection for fast gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large-volume programmed-temperature vaporizer injection for fast gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
2003 In: Journal of Chromatography A, ISSN 0021-9673, Vol. 991, no 2, p. 241-253Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-23578 (URN)
Note
Part of urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18Bibliographically approved
4. Coupled LC-GC-NPD for Determination of Carbazole-Type PANH and its Application to Personal Exposure Measurement
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Coupled LC-GC-NPD for Determination of Carbazole-Type PANH and its Application to Personal Exposure Measurement
2000 In: Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, ISSN 0935-6304, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 131-137Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-23579 (URN)
Note
Part of urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18Bibliographically approved
5. Dynamic Sonication-assisted Solvent Extraction coupled on-line to GC-MS for the determination of PBDEs in Air
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic Sonication-assisted Solvent Extraction coupled on-line to GC-MS for the determination of PBDEs in Air
Manuscript (Other academic)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-23580 (URN)
Note
Part of urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18 Last updated: 2010-01-13Bibliographically approved
6. Mass spectrometric characteristics of decabromodiphenyl ether and the application of isotopic dilution in the electron capture negative ionization mode for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mass spectrometric characteristics of decabromodiphenyl ether and the application of isotopic dilution in the electron capture negative ionization mode for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
2003 In: Journal of Mass Spectrometry, ISSN 1096-9888, Vol. 38, no 4, p. 394-400Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-23581 (URN)
Note
Part of urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367Available from: 2005-02-18 Created: 2005-02-18Bibliographically approved

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