Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Applying a transaction cost perspective to decode viking Scandinavia's earliest recorded value relation: insights from the forsa ring’s runic inscription
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economic History and International Relations.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3069-3819
Number of Authors: 12025 (English)In: Scandinavian Economic History Review, ISSN 0358-5522, E-ISSN 1750-2837Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

This article reevaluates the inscription of the Viking-era Forsa Ring, which contains Scandinavia’s oldest extant legal codex. The inscription’s fine reads ‘uksa … auk aura tua’, previously translated as ‘ox … and two öre [silver]’ and interpreted as a payment of both ox and silver, suggesting cumbersome transactions. This study applies a transaction cost perspective and draws on economic, legal and etymological contexts to propose that the fine could be paid with either an ox or two öre silver, not mandatorily both. This reinterpretation positions the Forsa Ring as Scandinavia's earliest documented instance of a value relation. The value of an ox at two öre of silver corresponds to the valuation of an ox at 30 pence in Anglo-Saxon Laws during the same period.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025.
Keywords [en]
economic history, money, runes, Scandinavia, Viking age
National Category
Economic History
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-239376DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2024.2378465Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85199406253OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-239376DiVA, id: diva2:1936719
Available from: 2025-02-11 Created: 2025-02-11 Last updated: 2025-02-11

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Edvinsson, Rodney

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Edvinsson, Rodney
By organisation
Department of Economic History and International Relations
In the same journal
Scandinavian Economic History Review
Economic History

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 27 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf