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JWST/MIRI detects the dusty SN1993J about 30 years after explosion
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Number of Authors: 402025 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 697, article id A132Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Context. Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) have long been considered to contribute significantly to the cosmic dust budget. Newly-formed dust in the SN ejecta cools quickly and is therefore detectable at mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths. However, before the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), direct observational evidence for dust condensation was found in only a handful of nearby CCSNe, and dust masses (∼10−2−10−3 M, generally limited to <5 yr and to >500 K temperatures) have been two to three orders of magnitude smaller than theoretical predictions and dust amounts found by far-IR/submillimeter observations of Galactic SN remnants and in the very nearby SN 1987A. Aims. As recently demonstrated, the combined angular resolution and mid-IR sensitivity of JWST finally allow hidden cool (∼100-200 K) dust reservoirs in extragalactic SNe beyond SN 1987A to be revealed. Our team received JWST/MIRI time for studying a larger sample of CCSNe to fill the currently existing gap in their dust formation histories. The first observed target of this program was the well-known Type IIb SN 1993J that appeared in M81. Methods. We generated its spectral energy distribution (SED) from the current JWST/MIRI F770W, F1000W, F1500W, and F2100W fluxes. We fit single- and two-component silicate and carbonaceous dust models to the SED in order to determine the dust parameters. Results. We find that SN 1993J still contains a significant amount (∼0.01 M) of dust ∼30 yr after explosion. Comparing our results to those from the analysis of earlier Spitzer Space Telescope data, we observed a similar amount of dust as was detected ∼15-20 yr ago, but at a lower temperature (noting that the modeling results of the earlier Spitzer SEDs have strong limitations). We also found residual background emission near the SN site (after point-spread-function subtraction on the JWST/MIRI images) that may plausibly be attributed to an IR echo from more distant interstellar dust grains heated by the SN shock-breakout luminosity or ongoing star formation in the local environment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 697, article id A132
Keywords [en]
dust, extinction, ISM: supernova remnants, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN1993J
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-243932DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451470ISI: 001486834100023Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105005365153OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-243932DiVA, id: diva2:1966457
Available from: 2025-06-10 Created: 2025-06-10 Last updated: 2025-06-10Bibliographically approved

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Pearson Johansson, Joel

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Department of PhysicsThe Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC)Department of Astronomy
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