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Signs of Acquiring Bimodal Bilingualism Differently: A Longitudinal Case Study of Mediating a Deaf and a Hearing Twin in a Deaf Family
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Special Education.
2013 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation based on a case study explores the acquisition and the guidance of Swedish Sign Language and spoken Swedish over a span of seven years. Interactions between a pair of fraternal twins, one deaf and one hearing, and their Deaf[1] family were video-observed within the home setting.

The thesis consists of a frame which provides an overview of the relationship between four studies. These describe and analyze mainly storytime sessions over time. The first article addresses attentional expressions between the participants; the second article studies the mediation of the deaf twin’s first language acquisition; the third article analyses the hearing twins acquisition of parallel bimodal bilingualism; the fourth article concerns second language acquisition, sequential bimodal bilingualism following a cochlear implant (CI). In the frame, theoretical underpinnings such as mediation and language acquisition were compiled, within a sociocultural frame. This synthesis of results provides important information; in the 12- and 13-month sessions simultaneous-tactile-looking was noted in interchanges between the twins and their mother; mediation of bilingualism was scaffolded by the caregivers with the hearing twin by inserting single vocal words or signs into the language base used at that time, a finding that differs from other reported studies; a third finding is the simultaneousness in which the deaf child’s Swedish Sign Language skill worked as a cultural tool, to build a second and spoken language.

The findings over time revealed actions that included all the family members. Irrespective of the number of modes and varied types of communication with more than one child, mediation included following-in the child’s initiation, intersubjective meaningfulness and encouragement. In accordance with previous research, these factors seem to promote the acquisition of languages. In conclusion, these findings should also prove useful in the more general educational field.

[1] Deaf with a capital ‘D’ is commonly used for cultural affiliation whereas lower case ‘d’, as in deaf, refers to audiological status (Monaghan, Schmaling, Nakamura & Turner, 2003).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Special Education, Stockholm University , 2013. , p. 89
Keywords [en]
bimodal bilingual acquisition, Swedish Sign Language, spoken Swedish, case study, longitudinal, sociocultural, mediation, interactional, twins, different hearing statuses, cochlear implant
Keywords [sv]
tillägnande av bimodal bilingualitet, tvåspråkighet, svenskt teckenspråk, talad svenska, fallstudie, longitudinell, sociokulturell, mediering, interaktion, tvilling, hörselstatus, cochlea implantat
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Special Education
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86237ISBN: 978-91-7447-625-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-86237DiVA, id: diva2:586575
Public defence
2013-02-15, Konradsbergsaulan, Campus Konradsberg, Konradsbergsgatan 7, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Disputationen tolkas till svensk teckenspråk, hörselslinga finns.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Submitted.

Available from: 2013-01-24 Created: 2013-01-11 Last updated: 2021-12-06Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Attention Interchanges at Story-Time: A Case Study From a Deaf and Hearing Twin Pair Acquiring Swedish Sign Language in Their Deaf Family
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Attention Interchanges at Story-Time: A Case Study From a Deaf and Hearing Twin Pair Acquiring Swedish Sign Language in Their Deaf Family
2012 (English)In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, ISSN 1081-4159, E-ISSN 1465-7325, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 141-162Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This case study longitudinally analyzes and describes the changes of attentional expressions in interchanges between a pair of fraternal twins, 1 deaf and 1 hearing, from the age of 10–40 months, and their Deaf family members. The video-observed attentional expressions of initiating and reestablishing interchange were grouped in 5 functional categories: “getting,” “directing,” “maintaining,” “redirecting,” and “checking” attention. Changes appear to be associated with development during the twins’ ages of 10–13, 15–24, and 28–40 months, including the use of vision in communication. Although there are similarities in the changes of each twin's communicative initiations, there are also differences based on hearing status, personality, and use of modality. This is evident in the ways in which each twin's individual attention interchanges unfold over time; it is also connected with the parents' negotiating attention and arranging “seating positions” with them. Implications and findings for special educational purposes are discussed. 

Keywords
bilingualism, cochlear implant, language development, family, sign language, spoken language, teckenspråk, tvåspråkighet, uppmärksamhetsuttryck, fallstudie, tvilling, döv
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Special Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-69403 (URN)10.1093/deafed/enr029 (DOI)000302019700001 ()
Note

1

Available from: 2012-01-12 Created: 2012-01-12 Last updated: 2021-12-06Bibliographically approved
2. Mediated First Language in Gestural Modality: Native Swedish Sign Language Acquisition Interactions at Storytime
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mediated First Language in Gestural Modality: Native Swedish Sign Language Acquisition Interactions at Storytime
(English)In: Article in journal (Refereed) Submitted
Abstract [en]

This qualitative, longitudinal, single-case study aims to explore and describe naturalistic interactions between Deaf family members mediating their deaf twin acquiring Swedish Sign Language. The family was video-observed on 12 occasions from the child’s age of 10 months to 40 months. The participants’ actions and language structure are analyzed.

The results are presented in three age related segments transformations comprising actions in interactional style, gaze and structure of utterances. The first segment, from the child’s age of 10 to 13 months, includes primarily one-sign utterance with steady eye-contact or focus on an object with mediating, displaced signing as if the signing is from the child’s perspective. The second segment, from 15 to 24 months, includes altering, flexible gaze-contact, multi-phrases and narrative structure. The third segment includes conversations in dynamic visual-contact utilizing non-manual structure. Mediating factors like gaze, what-question and narrative, which could be useful for pedagogical purposes, are discussed.

Keywords
Case-study, Swedish sign language aquisition, deaf family, qualitative, Fallstudie, tillägnande av svenskt teckenspråk, Döv familj, kvalitativ
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Special Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85473 (URN)
Available from: 2013-01-08 Created: 2013-01-08 Last updated: 2021-12-06
3. Parallel Bimodal Bilingual Acquisition: A Hearing Child Mediated in a Deaf Family
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Parallel Bimodal Bilingual Acquisition: A Hearing Child Mediated in a Deaf Family
2013 (English)In: Sign Language Studies, ISSN 0302-1475, E-ISSN 1533-6263, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 516-540Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The aim of this longitudinal case study was to describe bimodal and bilingual acquisition in a hearing child, Hugo, and in what ways these were guided by his Deaf family. Video observations of the family interactions were conducted from Hugo’s age of 10 months until he was 40 months old. The family language was Swedish Sign Language (SSL). With Hugo, however, the parents used one language base in which single gestural signs or vocal words were often simultaneously inserted, the latter when not in visual contact. Hugo showed awareness of visual attention to SSL communication at 22 months and differentiated vocal and gestural modality according to his partner two months later. During the 28-month and 32-month sessions, a grammatical analytic phase might explain why Hugo’s SSL was rare. Findings are possibly vital for a broader international audience than professionals who meet bimodal bilingual children.

Keywords
Case-study, parallel bimodal bilingual aquisition, Deaf family, Swedish sign language, spoken Swedish, fallstudie, tillägnande av bimodal bilingualitet, Döv familj, svenskt teckenspråk, talad svenska
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Special Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85490 (URN)10.1353/sls.2013.0017 (DOI)
Available from: 2013-01-08 Created: 2013-01-08 Last updated: 2021-12-06Bibliographically approved
4. Sequential Bimodal Bilingual Acquisition: Mediation Using a Cochlear Implant as a Tool
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sequential Bimodal Bilingual Acquisition: Mediation Using a Cochlear Implant as a Tool
2013 (English)In: Deafness and Education International, ISSN 1464-3154, E-ISSN 1557-069X, Vol. 15, no 4, p. 201-221Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Most deaf children are born to hearing families. During the last twenty years deaf children, in increasing numbers and at an early age, get cochlear implant (CI), a high-technologic hearing aid device. The aim of this qualitative, longitudinal, single-case study was to explore and describe critical changes in naturalistic, video-observed interactions between deaf family members.

In this study a deaf girl, Diana, from birth acquired Swedish Sign Language and received at the age of 35 months a unilateral cochlear implant (CI). Diana eventually developed spoken Swedish as a second language in vocal-aural modality. The study is triangulated with information from the CI-team records spanning the ages 31 months to 8 years. The latter age relates to the time when Diana’s receptive skill of vocal mode was assessed to be 7 years and 11 months. Mediating parameters include the parents’ positive attitude towards meaning-making interactions and encouragement of the child’s own bimodal activity. Diana’s hearing twin brother’s challenging her vocal modality and Diana’s bimodal production seemed to self-scaffold her second language acquisition. Further, her bimodality also scaffolded her family to perceive thus understand her utterances; in addition the other participants’ bimodal interchanges scaffolded her perception. The continued education in sign language seemed to be an asset as Diana could continue her social and intellectual development at the same time as she was acquiring a second language. Reported aspects of mediated actions might also influence a broader field of special needs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: Maney Publishing, 2013
Keywords
Case-study, sequential bimodal biligual aquisition, Deaf family, cochlear implant, Swedish sign language, spoken Swedish, Fallstudie, tillägnande av sekventiell bimodal bilingualitet, Döv familj, cochlea implantat, svenskt teckenspråk, talad svenska
National Category
Pedagogy
Research subject
Special Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85481 (URN)10.1179/1557069X13Y.0000000023 (DOI)
Available from: 2013-01-08 Created: 2013-01-08 Last updated: 2021-12-06Bibliographically approved

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