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The opioid peptide dynorphin A: Biophysical studies of peptide–receptor and peptide–membrane interactions
Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-2713-7731
2014 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The work presented in this thesis concerns the opioid peptide dynorphin A (DynA). DynA functions primarily as a neurotransmitter and belongs to the family of typical opioid peptides. These peptides are a part of the opioid system, together with the opioid receptors, a family of GPCR membrane proteins. The opioid system system is involved or implicated in several physiological processes such as analgesia, addiction, depression and other types of neurological disorders. In this thesis, two biologically relevant aspects of DynA have been investigated with biophysical methods. First, interactions between DynA and an opioid receptor, and second, the direct membrane interactions of DynA.

The DynA–receptor studies were focused on the selectivity-modulating second extracellular loop (EL2) of the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR). A protein engineering approach was used in which the EL2 was grafted onto a soluble protein scaffold. The results show that DynA binds with low affinity but high specificity to EL2 in the construct protein environment. The strength of the interaction is in the micromolar range, and we argue that this interaction is part of the receptor recognition event.

With bicelles as a mimetic, membrane interactions were probed for wild-type DynA and for two DynA peptide variants linked to a neurological disorder. R6W–DynA and L5S–DynA were shown to be very different in terms of bicelle association, penetration and structure induction. In these experiments, as well as in investigations of DynA dynamics in bicelles, the lipid environment was shown to have much larger effects on peptide dynamics than on structure; and both these properties depend on lipid charge.

Additionally, in a methodological project, DHPC/DMPC bicelle morphology as a function of total PC concentration was characterised by diffusion NMR in combination with two-way decomposition. The results may contribute to providing guidelines for the appropriate use of bicelles as a membrane mimetic.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University , 2014. , s. 72
Nyckelord [en]
dynorphin A, opioid receptor, neuropeptide, bicelles, NMR, diffusion, decomposition
Nationell ämneskategori
Biofysik
Forskningsämne
biofysik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107766ISBN: 978-91-7649-011-2 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-107766DiVA, id: diva2:750687
Disputation
2014-10-31, Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B, Stockholm, 10:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Anmärkning

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

Tillgänglig från: 2014-10-09 Skapad: 2014-09-29 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-23Bibliografiskt granskad
Delarbeten
1. Direct detection of neuropeptide dynorphin A binding to the second extracellular loop of the kappa opioid receptor using a soluble protein scaffold
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Direct detection of neuropeptide dynorphin A binding to the second extracellular loop of the kappa opioid receptor using a soluble protein scaffold
Visa övriga...
2014 (Engelska)Ingår i: The FEBS Journal, ISSN 1742-464X, E-ISSN 1742-4658, Vol. 281, nr 3, s. 814-824Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

The molecular determinants for selectivity of ligand binding to membrane receptors are of key importance for the understanding of cellular signalling, as well as for rational therapeutic intervention. In the present study, we target the interaction between the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its native peptide ligand dynorphin A (DynA) using solution state NMR spectroscopy, which is generally made difficult by the sheer size of membrane bound receptors. Our method is based on 'transplantation' of an extracellular loop of KOR into a 'surrogate' scaffold; in this case, a soluble beta-barrel. Our results corroborate the general feasibility of the method, showing that the inserted receptor segment has negligible effects on the properties of the scaffold protein, at the same time as maintaining an ability to bind its native DynA ligand. Upon DynA binding, only small induced chemical shift changes of the KOR loop were observed, whereas chemical shift changes of DynA and NMR paramagnetic relaxation data show conclusively that the peptide interacts with the inserted loop. The binding interface is composed of a disordered part of the KOR loop and involves both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Even so, simultaneous effects along the DynA sequence upon binding show that control of the recognition is a concerted event.

Nyckelord
G protein coupled receptor, membrane proteins, neuropeptide, NMR, protein chimeras
Nationell ämneskategori
Biofysik
Forskningsämne
biofysik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-105256 (URN)10.1111/febs.12626 (DOI)000336732600014 ()
Forskningsfinansiär
VetenskapsrådetKnut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
Anmärkning

AuthorCount:6;

Tillgänglig från: 2014-06-25 Skapad: 2014-06-24 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-23Bibliografiskt granskad
2. Membrane Interaction of Disease-Related Dynorphin A Variants
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Membrane Interaction of Disease-Related Dynorphin A Variants
2013 (Engelska)Ingår i: Biochemistry, ISSN 0006-2960, E-ISSN 1520-4995, Vol. 52, nr 24, s. 4157-4167Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

The membrane interaction properties of two single-residue variants, R6W and L5S, of the 17-amino acid neuropeptide dynorphin A (DynA) were studied by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Corresponding gene mutations have recently been discovered in humans and causatively linked to a neurodegenerative disorder. The peptides were investigated in buffer and in isotropic solutions of q = 0.3 bicelles with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) or DMPC (0.8) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(1'-rac-glycerol) (DMPG) (0.2). The CD results and the NMR secondary chemical shifts show that R6W-DynA has a small a-helical fraction in buffer, which increases in the presence of bicelles, while L5S-DynA is mainly unstructured under all conditions studied here. R6W-DynA has an almost complete association with zwitterionic bicelles (similar to 90%, as probed by NMR diffusion experiments), similar to the behavior of wtDynA, while L5S-DynA has a weaker association (similar to 50%). For all peptides, the level of bicelle association is increased in negatively charged bicelles. The L5A-DynA peptide adopts a very shallow position in the headgroup region of the bicelle bilayer, as studied by paramagnetic spin relaxation enhancement experiments using paramagnetic probes. Similarly, the results show that R6W-DynA is more deeply buried in the bilayer, with only the C-terminal residues exposed to solvent, again more similar to the case of wild-type DynA. We suggest that the results presented here may explain the differences in cell toxicity of these disease-related neuropeptide variants.

Nationell ämneskategori
Biofysik
Forskningsämne
biofysik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92513 (URN)10.1021/bi4004205 (DOI)000320748300005 ()
Anmärkning

AuthorCount:3;

Tillgänglig från: 2013-08-09 Skapad: 2013-08-07 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-24Bibliografiskt granskad
3. Analysing the morphology of DHPC/DMPC complexes by diffusion NMR
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Analysing the morphology of DHPC/DMPC complexes by diffusion NMR
(Engelska)Manuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Mixtures of lipids and detergents are known to form bicelles at certain parameter ranges, but many un-certainties remain concerning the details of the phase be-haviour of these mixtures and the morphology of the formed lipid assemblies. Here we used NMR diffusion data in com-bination with the multivariate processing method SCORE to analyze mixtures of DHPC and DMPC with the relative concentration q=[DMPC]/[DHPC]=0.5 at total lipid con-centrations from 15 to 300 mM. With this approach we were able to resolve the heavily overlapping mixture spectra into component spectra and obtained reliable diffusion coeffi-cients for lipid concentrations in the range 15 to 200 mM. Between 200 and 300 mM, the similar diffusion coefficients in combination with substantial signal overlap makes it difficult to get very reliable spectra and diffusion coeffi-cients with standard processing parameters, but overfactoring provided useful diffusion coefficient estimates also at these concentrations. At 50–300 mM total lipid concentration, the radii estimated from the diffusion coeffi-cient of DMPC indicate assemblies of the appropriate bicelle size, although small size variations exist, while at lower concentrations the morphology appears to change to larger assemblies. Taken together, the results suggest that for q=0.5 DMPC/DHPC mixtures there is a relatively broad concentration range above 50 mM where bicelles may relia-bly be assumed to adopt the 'classical' bicelle morphology. At lower concentrations there is evidence for a more com-plex morphology with more than one type of lipid assembly in the sample.

Nationell ämneskategori
Biofysik
Forskningsämne
biofysik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107826 (URN)
Tillgänglig från: 2014-09-29 Skapad: 2014-09-29 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-23Bibliografiskt granskad
4. Resolving complex mixtures: trilinear diffusion data
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Resolving complex mixtures: trilinear diffusion data
2014 (Engelska)Ingår i: Journal of Biomolecular NMR, ISSN 0925-2738, E-ISSN 1573-5001, Vol. 58, nr 4, s. 251-257Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Complex mixtures are at the heart of biology, and biomacromolecules almost always exhibit their function in a mixture, e.g., the mode of action for a spider venom is typically dependent on a cocktail of compounds, not just the protein. Information about diseases is encoded in body fluids such as urine and plasma in the form of metabolite concentrations determined by the actions of enzymes. To understand better what is happening in real living systems we urgently need better methods to characterize such mixtures. In this paper we describe a potent way to disentangle the NMR spectra of mixture components, by exploiting data that vary independently in three or more dimensions, allowing the use of powerful algorithms to decompose the data to extract the information sought. The particular focus of this paper is on NMR diffusion data, which are typically bilinear but can be extended by a third dimension to give the desired data structure.

Nyckelord
Diffusion, Mixtures, DOSY, Relaxation, PARAFAC, Trililnear, Multivariate
Nationell ämneskategori
Biofysik
Forskningsämne
biofysik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-98589 (URN)10.1007/s10858-013-9752-8 (DOI)000334598500004 ()23812970 (PubMedID)
Tillgänglig från: 2014-01-08 Skapad: 2014-01-08 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-24Bibliografiskt granskad
5. The membrane interaction of dynorphin A depends on lipid head-group charge
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>The membrane interaction of dynorphin A depends on lipid head-group charge
(Engelska)Manuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The influence of lipid bicelles on the dynamics of the opioid peptide DynA has been investigated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. DynA exerts its opioid effects mainly through interactions with the κ subtype of the opioid receptors, but has also been demonstrated to have direct interactions with membranes. Among other properties, it has been shown that the peptide causes membrane disruption and may penetrate bilayers. Despite the fact that DynA appears to bind tightly to model lipid bilayers, no structure induction has been observed. To further study the effect of membrane interactions we have here therefore measured the fast local dynamics of DynA specifically labeled with 15N in three backbone amide sites (Gly2, Leu5 and Leu12) in fast-tumbling bicelles, both with and without the incorporation of the negatively charged dimyristoylglycerol. We also examined the amide exchange in the two bicelles. We find that despite the fact that DynA is largely unstructured in both types of bicelles, the peptide has restricted backbone dynamics, which depends on the presence of negatively charged lipids. Moreover we see that the lipid dependence is not uniform throughout the sequence, but is most noticeable for Leu5, which precedes an unusually basic stretch of amino acid residues. The findings indicate that this basic sequence may be of significance for bilayer recognition. Finally, we note that the dynamical behavior of the peptide is much more influenced by the lipid surroundings than what the structural properties are.

Nationell ämneskategori
Biofysik
Forskningsämne
biofysik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107825 (URN)
Tillgänglig från: 2014-09-29 Skapad: 2014-09-29 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-02-23Bibliografiskt granskad

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