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External total alkalinity loads versus internal generation: The influence of nonriverine alkalinity sources in the Baltic Sea
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, Baltic Nest Institute.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4215-9322
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM).
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, Baltic Nest Institute. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0649-5599
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, Baltic Nest Institute. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
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2014 (English)In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, ISSN 0886-6236, E-ISSN 1944-9224, Vol. 28, no 11, p. 1358-1370Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this study we first present updated riverine total alkalinity (TA) loads to the various Baltic Sea sub-basins, based on monthly measurements in 82 of the major rivers that represent 85% of the total runoff. Simulations in the coupled physical-biogeochemical BALTSEM (BAltic sea Long-Term large Scale Eutrophication Model) model show that these river loads together with North Sea water inflows are not sufficient to reproduce observed TA concentrations in the system, demonstrating the large influence from internal sources. Budget calculations indicate that the required internal TA generation must be similar to river loads in magnitude. The nonriverine source in the system amounts to about 2.4mmolm(-2) d(-1) on average. We argue here that the majority of this source is related to denitrification together with unresolved sediment processes such as burial of reduced sulfur and/or silicate weathering. This hypothesis is supported by studies on sediment processes on a global scale and also by data from sediment cores in the Baltic Sea. In a model simulation with all internal TA sources and sinks switched on, the net absorption of atmospheric CO2 increased by 0.78mol C m(-2) yr(-1) compared to a simulation where TA was treated as a passive tracer. Our results clearly illustrate how pelagic TA sources together with anaerobic mineralization in coastal sediments generate a significant carbon sink along the aquatic continuum, mitigating CO2 evasions from coastal and estuarine systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2014. Vol. 28, no 11, p. 1358-1370
Keywords [en]
Baltic Sea, alkalinity, river loads, physical-biogeochemical model, internal alkalinity generation, air-sea CO2 exchange
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-112912DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004888ISI: 000346594100013OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-112912DiVA, id: diva2:782443
Note

AuthorCount:5;

Available from: 2015-01-21 Created: 2015-01-19 Last updated: 2022-02-23Bibliographically approved

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Gustafsson, ErikHumborg, ChristophMörth, Carl-MagnusGustafsson, Bo G.

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Baltic Nest InstituteDepartment of Applied Environmental Science (ITM)Department of Geological Sciences
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Global Biogeochemical Cycles
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