This paper is part of a comparative literature project that aims to explore certain similarities between Spanish and Portuguese-language fiction. The specific purpose is to highlight how a number of historical and social issues are dealt with in works that often show overt analogies in terms of topic, style, character, and actantial structure. The paper presents an analysis of two novels that offer similar views of the colonization process of the 15th and 16th centuries, Los perros del Paraiso (1983) by the Argentine writer Abel Posse and As Naus (1988) by the Portuguese writer Antonio Lobo Antunes, both of which can be described, in the context of the theory of the historical novel, as new historical novels or postmodern historical novels.