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Constraining Magnetic Field Amplification in SN Shocks Using Radio Observations of SNe 2011fe and 2014J
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4807-379X
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3664-8082
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Number of Authors: 52017 (English)In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 842, no 1, article id 17Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We modeled the radio non-detection of two Type Ia supernovae (SNe), SN 2011fe and SN 2014J, considering synchrotron emission from the interaction between SN ejecta and the circumstellar medium. For ejecta whose outer parts have a power-law density structure, we compare synchrotron emission with radio observations. Assuming that 20% of the bulk shock energy is being shared equally between electrons and magnetic fields, we found a very low-density medium around both the SNe. A less tenuous medium with particle density similar to 1 cm(-3), which could be expected around both SNe, can be estimated when the magnetic field amplification is less than that presumed for energy equipartition. This conclusion also holds if the progenitor of SN. 2014J was a rigidly rotating white dwarf (WD) with a main-sequence (MS) or red giant companion. For a He star companion, or a MS for SN. 2014J, with 10% and 1% of bulk kinetic energy in magnetic fields, we obtain mass-loss rates of < 10(-9) and <similar to 4 x10(-9)M yr(-1). for a wind velocity of 100 km s(-1). The former requires a mass accretion efficiency of > 99% onto the WD, but is less restricted for the latter case. However, if the tenuous medium is due to a recurrent nova, it is difficult from our model to predict synchrotron luminosities. Although the formation channels of SNe. 2011fe and 2014J are not clear, the null detection in radio wavelengths could point toward a low amplification efficiency for magnetic fields in SN shocks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2017. Vol. 842, no 1, article id 17
Keywords [en]
circumstellar matter, ISM: magnetic fields, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual (SN 2011fe, SN 2014J)
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Research subject
Astronomy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145221DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa704cISI: 000403205400002OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-145221DiVA, id: diva2:1128786
Available from: 2017-07-28 Created: 2017-07-28 Last updated: 2022-02-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Radio emission from supernovae
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Radio emission from supernovae
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis presents the modeling of radio and X-ray emissions from supernova (SN) shock fronts and hydrodynamical simulations of SN-circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction. The interaction of SN ejecta with the CSM drives a strong shock wave into the CSM. These shocks are ideal places where effective particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification can take place. The accelerated relativistic particles, in the presence of magnetic field, could emit part of their energy via synchrotron radiation in radio wavelengths. The flux of this radiation, when compared with observations, gives an estimate of the CSM density. This could either be the particle density (nISM) in case of the SN exploding in a constant density medium, characteristic of interstellar medium, or pre-SN mass loss rate (dM/dt) of the progenitor system for a wind medium. In Paper I we have modeled the synchrotron emission and compared that with the radio upper limits measured for the Type Ia SNe 2011fe and 2014J. Assuming equipartition of energy between electric and magnetic fields, with 10% of the thermal shock energy in each field, we obtain a very low density medium, having nISM <~ 0.35 cm-3, around both the SNe. In terms of dM/dt this implies an upper limit of 10-9 Msun yr-1 for a wind velocity, vw, of 100 km s-1. This study suggests that in SN shocks it is more likely that the amplification efficiency of magnetic fields is less than that for the electric fields. In Paper II, we carry out the hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction between SN ejecta and CSM for SN 1993J and SN 2011dh. Subsequently, the radio and X-ray emission have been calculated from the shocked gas encapsulated between the forward and reverse shocks. Considering the ejecta profile of these SNe from multi-group radiation hydrodynamics simulation (STELLA), it is found from our investigation that for a wind velocity of 10 km/s around 6500 years prior to the explosion of SN 1993J a change in mass loss rate occurred in the system. For a binary system this may imply that the change in dM/dt could be due to a change in the mass accretion efficiency of the companion star. In case of SN 2011dh the late time emission is turned up to be consistent with a wind medium with (dM/dt)/vw = 4 × 10-6 Msun yr-1/10 km s-1. Paper III focuses on the radio emission from four young SNe Type Ia, SN 2013dy, SN 2016coj, SN 2018pv and SN 2018gv. Using the same model for radio emission as in Paper I, the upper limits on dM/dt and nISM are estimated. We found tenuous media around these SNe, which put tight constrain on their progenitor systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, 2019. p. 68
Keywords
supernovae, radio emission, hydrodynamical simulation
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Research subject
Astronomy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-163063 (URN)978-91-7797-548-9 (ISBN)978-91-7797-549-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-02-08, sal FB54, AlbaNova universitetscentrum, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
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Note

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

Available from: 2019-01-16 Created: 2018-12-13 Last updated: 2022-02-26Bibliographically approved

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Kundu, EshaLundqvist, Peter

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