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Gaming Algorithmic Hate-Speech Detection: Stakes, Parties, and Moves
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9100-3826
Number of Authors: 32020 (English)In: Social Media + Society, E-ISSN 2056-3051, Vol. 6, no 2, article id 924778Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A recent strand of research considers how algorithmic systems are gamed in everyday encounters. We add to this literature with a study that uses the game metaphor to examine a project where different organizations came together to create and deploy a machine learning model to detect hate speech from political candidates' social media messages during the Finnish 2017 municipal election. Using interviews and forum discussions as our primary research material, we illustrate how the unfolding game is played out on different levels in a multi-stakeholder situation, what roles different participants have in the game, and how strategies of gaming the model revolve around controlling the information available to it. We discuss strategies that different stakeholders planned or used to resist the model, and show how the game is not only played against the model itself, but also with those who have created it and those who oppose it. Our findings illustrate that while gaming the system is an important part of gaming with algorithms, these games have other levels where humans play against each other, rather than against technology. We also draw attention to how deploying a hate-speech detection algorithm can be understood as an effort to not only detect but also preempt unwanted behavior.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2020. Vol. 6, no 2, article id 924778
Keywords [en]
algorithmic systems, game metaphor, hate-speech, social media, elections
National Category
Media and Communications Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183589DOI: 10.1177/2056305120924778ISI: 000544767600001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-183589DiVA, id: diva2:1455234
Available from: 2020-07-22 Created: 2020-07-22 Last updated: 2025-01-31Bibliographically approved

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Lampinen, Airi

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