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Regional scenarios for inorganic phosphate requirement decrease in industrializing regions to 2050
Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. University of Iceland, Iceland .
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The current pandemic has highlighted the vulnerabilities of our food production system. An overwhelming number of studies and reports warn that in a business-as-usual scenario, the global food system will be increasingly challenged to secure food for a growing population. In its current configuration, the food system reinforces social and economic inequalities, and negatively impacts the environment. At the same time, farmers are increasingly dependent on imported agricultural inputs, such as phosphate fertilizers, which makes them vulnerable to major supply disruptions or price spikes. In this study, we used system dynamics modelling to assess several scenarios for decreased regional inorganic phosphate requirement to 2050 in industrializing regions with a growing population. Four scenarios illustrate the policy options of reducing phosphorous demand through i) recycling of phosphorus (P) from municipal wastewater, ii) food loss reduction, iii) a shift to agroecological farming practices; and iv) a combination of the three measures. We found that food loss reduction has the lowest potential in reducing P requirement, while the implementation of agroecological farming practices results in significant decreases in P requirement. East and South East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa were two regions where scenarios indicated a decrease or a near flattening of P requirement to 2050 compared to 2020. In North Africa and Western Asia, Southern Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, scenario simulations show increases in P requirement, albeit at much lower rates than in a business-as-usual case.

Keywords [en]
phosphorus, food loss reduction, phosphorus recycling, agroecology, system dynamics
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-189866OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-189866DiVA, id: diva2:1525280
Available from: 2021-02-03 Created: 2021-02-03 Last updated: 2022-02-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Global Phosphorus supply chain dynamics: Sustainability implications for the 21st century
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Global Phosphorus supply chain dynamics: Sustainability implications for the 21st century
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Phosphorus is an essential yet irreplaceable macronutrient for agriculture and thus plays a key role in global food security. Most of the phosphate fertilizers are produced from phosphate rock, a finite mineral resource that is mined and processed at great environmental and social costs. Nonetheless, the present-day phosphorus supply chain transforms this valuable resource also into a major pollutant of water bodies. The research that is presented in this thesis investigated the sustainability challenges of the currently linear phosphorus supply chain and discussed their implications. The main methods used were literature and case study review, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from the phosphorus sector, stakeholder analysis, systems analysis and system dynamics modelling. Five key messages emerged from this project.First, it is necessary to close the loop throughout the phosphorus supply chain instead of focusing only on end-of-pipeline solutions. Second, in terms of monitoring data, the global phosphorus supply chain is a black box. This poses serious challenges to designing robust policies in food security. Third, industrializing world regions where most of the population growth is expected to occur in the coming decades are increasingly vulnerable to phosphorus scarcity. Fourth, in a business-as-usual scenario, the global supply chain of phosphorus will produce significant amounts of toxic by-products, will have an increasingly negative impact on the climate and will deteriorate the quality of water bodies. Finally, implementing low-input sustainable farming systems, such as agroecology, was shown to have the potentially largest impact in reducing P requirement and in decreasing the negative socio-environmental impacts of the global P supply chain.

Abstract [sv]

Fosfor är ett väsentligt näringsämne för jordbruket och spelar därför en nyckelroll i den globala matsäkerheten. Huvuddelen av fosforgödselmedlet produceras från fosfatrika bergarter, en icke förnybar råvara, som bryts och renas med stora miljömässiga och sociala effekter. Dagens produktionskedja för fosfor omvandlar en värdefull resurs till en betydande föroreningskälla för hav och vattendrag. Denna avhandling analyserar dagens linjära fosforkedja samt diskuterar de miljömässiga utmaningarna och deras konsekvenser. De använda metoderna är litteratur och case study review, semi-strukturerade intervjuer med avnämare från fosforsektorn, stakeholderanalys, systemanalys och dynamisk modellering. Fem huvudbudskap identifierades: 1. Det är väsentligt att sluta fosforkedjan längs hela produktions- och användarkedjan istället för att fokusera på end-of-pipe, 2. Fosforkedjan är en svart box vad gäller monitoringdata, 3. Regioner med ökande industrialisering och hög populationstillväxt under de närmaste årtiondena är extra känsliga för brist i fosfortillgången, 4. I ett business-as-usual scenario kommer den globala fosforkedjan att producera stora mängder giftiga biprodukter som har en negativ effekt på klimatet och som försämrar kvaliteten hos hav och vattendrag. Till sist, att införa uthålliga jordbrukssystem, som t.ex agroecology, är den mest effektiva åtgärden för att minska det globala fosforbehovet och den globala fosforkedjans negativa social- ekologiska effekter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Reykjavik, Iceland: School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 2021. p. 60
Series
Dissertations in Physical Geography, ISSN 2003-2358 ; 12
Keywords
phosphorus, supply chain, food security, circularity, systems thinking, system dynamics modeling
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Physical Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-189843 (URN)978-9935-9555-0-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-02-24, Ceremonial Meeting Hall, Sæmundargata 2 and online via the following link: https://livestream.com/hi/doktorsvornclaudiueduardnedelciu, Reykjavík, 15:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
ADAPTECONII
Available from: 2021-02-03 Created: 2021-02-02 Last updated: 2022-03-21Bibliographically approved

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