This article deals with a number of prominent types of settlement names in the province of Jämtland, from the Viking period to the 16th century. More specifically, it looks at names in -gård, -by (By) and ‑böle (Böle), and at two special categories of names with first elements containing a personal name or a common noun referring to a person. The aim is to elucidate in broad terms both the history of these name types and the settlement history of the central Scandinavian interior. The author analyses the settlement-historical context of the names, the content of their first elements, the overall chronology of the different name types, and the meaning of the place-name elements in question. The 15th century and the first half of the 16th emerge as a time of dynamic growth in the region – in contrast to the way this period has been portrayed in earlier research.