This study uses the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey to explore the relationship betweenmortality of men age 65 or younger and intragenerational mobility, measured objectively throughhousehold income and subjectively through social ranking. This relationship is considered in light of thesocial selection and social causation mechanisms developed in the literature as well as a proposedmechanism in which mobility itself is a consequential life event. The analysis spans the years 1994e2010,which covers the transitional period in Russia characterized by labor market restructuring and economiccrisis as well as a later period of economic growth and recovery. Using Cox proportional hazard models,immediate and longer-term associations between mobility and mortality are estimated. Both subjectiveand objective downward mobility had an immediate positive association with mortality risk (increasedby 44% and 24%, respectively). In contrast, upward mobility had a more pronounced effect over a longertermhorizon and lowered mortality risk by 17%. Controlling for destination status attenuated someassociations, but findings were robust to the adjustment of selection-related factors such as alcoholconsumption and health status in the year preceding mobility. Findings suggest that the negative relationshipbetween upward mobility and mortality may be driven by social causation, whereas downwardmobility may have an independent effect beyond selection or causation.