Andinoacara blombergi, new species, is described from the rio Esmeraldas basin in northern Ecuador. It is distinguished from the most similar species, A. rivulatus (Gunther, 1860) by 25 vs. 24 scales in the El scale row, slightly higher average meristics, narrower head, and narrower interorbital space. Andinoacara rivulatus is redescribed on the basis of specimens from the Guayas, Tumbes and Zarumilla drainages in Ecuador and Peru. Aequidens azurifer Fowler, 1911 is a junior synonym of A. rivulatus. The syntypes of Acara aequinoctialis Regan, 1905 are also syntypes of A. rivulatus. A common lectotype is designated for A. rivulatus and A. aequinoctialis, making A. aequinoctialis a junior objective synonym of A. rivulatus.
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