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A Comparison of Seasonal Adjustment Methods: Dynamic Linear Models versus TRAMO/SEATS
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
2013 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Seasonal adjustment can be done in the state space framework by Dynamic Linear Models. This approach is compared with seasonal adjustment by TRAMO/SEATS. The comparison uses simulated time series and real Swedish foreign trade data, the latter allowing a discussion on the consistency issue in aggregation, i.e. direct versus indirect seasonal adjustment. We start by a simple dynamic model and then increase the model structure using Gibbs sampling to identify coefficients for the state evolution matrix. Our empirical study shows that the simpler state spate approach exaggerates seasonal adjustment while the extended model with sampled coefficients may offer a tool for seasonal adjustment. For simulated data, we find that TRAMO/SEATS is better than the state space approach.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. , p. 22
Series
Research Report / Department of Statistics, Stockholm University, ISSN 0280-7564 ; 2013:2
Keywords [en]
Dynamic Linear Models, DLM, seasonal adjustment, consistency, foreign trade
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89141OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-89141DiVA, id: diva2:616519
Available from: 2013-04-18 Created: 2013-04-13 Last updated: 2022-02-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Seasonal Adjustment and Dynamic Linear Models
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Seasonal Adjustment and Dynamic Linear Models
2013 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Dynamic Linear Models are a state space model framework based on the Kalman filter. We use this framework to do seasonal adjustments of empirical and artificial data. A simple model and an extended model based on Gibbs sampling are used and the results are compared with the results of a standard seasonal adjustment method. The state space approach is then extended to discuss direct and indirect seasonal adjustments. This is achieved by applying a seasonal level model with no trend and some specific input variances that render different signal-to-noise ratios. This is illustrated for a system consisting of two artificial time series. Relative efficiencies between direct, indirect and multivariate, i.e. optimal, variances are then analyzed. In practice, standard seasonal adjustment packages do not support optimal/multivariate seasonal adjustments, so a univariate approach to simultaneous estimation is presented by specifying a Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method. This is applied to two sets of time series systems by defining a total loss function that is specified with a trade-off weight between the individual series’ loss functions and their aggregate loss function. The loss function is based on either the more conventional squared errors loss or on a robust Huber loss. The exponential decay parameters are then estimated by minimizing the total loss function for different trade-off weights. It is then concluded what approach, direct or indirect seasonal adjustment, is to be preferred for the two time series systems. The dynamic linear modeling approach is also applied to Swedish political opinion polls to assert the true underlying political opinion when there are several polls, with potential design effects and bias, observed at non-equidistant time points. A Wiener process model is used to model the change in the proportion of voters supporting either a specific party or a party block. Similar to stock market models, all available (political) information is assumed to be capitalized in the poll results and is incorporated in the model by assimilating opinion poll results with the model through Bayesian updating of the posterior distribution. Based on the results, we are able to assess the true underlying voter proportion and additionally predict the elections.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Statistics, Stockholm University, 2013. p. 8
Keywords
Dynamic linear models, DLM, direct and indirect seasonal adjustment, relative efficiency, Huber loss function, Polls of polls, Wiener process, Swedish elections
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
Research subject
Statistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89496 (URN)978-91-7447-678-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2013-06-12, DeGeersalen, Geovetenskapens hus, Svante Arrhenius väg 14, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

At the time of doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript; Paper 4: Manuscripts

Available from: 2013-05-16 Created: 2013-04-27 Last updated: 2022-02-24Bibliographically approved

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Citation style
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