Who were the non-Western women delegates who took part in the drafting of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) from 1945-1948? Which member states did these women represent, and in what ways did they push for a more inclusive language than "the rights of Man" in the texts? This book provides a gendered historical narrative of human rights from the San Francisco Conference in 1945 to the final vote of the UDHR in the United Nations General Assembly in December 1948. It highlights the contributions by Latin American feminist delegates, and the prominent non-Western female representatives from new member states of the UN.

Completed military service as a condition for suffrage – a matter of course that was reversed?

As a condition for male suffrage in Sweden between 1909 and 1922 citizens were required to have completed military service. This article investigates how this restriction on voting rights, introduced more orless unanimously, was abolished equally unanimously and with little debate only 13 years later. Two main reasons are pointed out. Firstly, since women were given suffrage in 1921, this restriction affected men only and was therefore suddenly perceived to be an unjust discrimination against the latter. Secondly, this restriction was closely linked to the particular political situation in Sweden around the turn of the twentieth century. For decades the twin issues of military and suffrage reform had been interlinked and thus blocked each other until they were resolved in 1901 and 1909 respectively. Once they had been resolved, the political connection between them rapidly became redundant, as did the symbolic and practical expression of this connection, namely completed military service as a condition for suffrage.

I denna uppsats kommer jag att behandla Karl XII och hur denne har framställts i läroböcker från 1884-2003. I min uppsats har jag valt att behandla 14 läroböcker, som i sin tur jag delat upp i tre stycken epoker: Epok I, Epok II och Epok III. Analysen i sin tur har utgått i från tre teman. Vilket jag med hjälp av ett diskursanalytiskt förhållningssätt försökt redogöra kring hur författarna framställt Karl XII, hans personlighet, centrala skeenden samt värdeladdade ord kring Karl. Analysen kommer fokusera på uttalanden från författarna som kan anses vara värderande, samt koppla författarens ställningstagande och sedan se om det stämmer överens med den rådande historieforskning som gällde när läroboken skrevs. Genom att behandla mina epoker i en kronologisk ordning är tanken att ett förändringsmönster i diskursen ska uppstå. Samt att se huruvida läroboksförfattarna faller ifrån opartiskhet och visar sina personliga värderingar i texterna. Tanken med denna uppsats är alltså att se ett utvecklingsmönster, tillika skåda hur pass mycket en författare låter sina egna tankar belysa en lärobok.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how politics was done at the level of the parliamentary constituencies at the time of the treaty of Amiens 1802-1803. This is achieved through two case studies of the elections in Middlesex and Nottingham, which are investigated as social practices. This thesis argues that understandings of masculinity and national identity, as well as questions about the nature of the constitution and citizen rights were central to participants in the extraparliamentary political process. Collective emotions were also highly important in the process of mobilising political support, and this thesis emphasises that participation in these elections was a collective effort; men and women from all levels of society were significant political actors. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the importance of competences such as knowledge about the organisation of crowds and political violence in the performance of the election.

The collection covers topics of interest to both the historical and linguistic study of the contacts between speakers of African and Iberian languages in the constitution of Latin American societies. Supported by historical and demographic data, the twelve chapters cover topics of interest to the discussion on the formation of Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Moreover, the book draws attention to the need to articulate the fields of Linguistics and History and contributes to the discussion on the formation of varieties of Latin American Portuguese and Spanish.

This article presents the “Smolensk Archives”, which consist mainly of documents from the Chancellery of Smolensk from the time of the Polish king Sigismund III’s siege of the city (1609–1611). Most of the documents are now in the Swedish National Archives in Stockholm, but a significant number are also to be found at the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg. The archives have a complex history. Following the fall of Smolensk in 1611, they were taken as spoils of war, ending up on the Sapieha family estate in present-day Belarus. In the mid‑17th century they were seized as war booty once again — now by Swedish troops — and taken to Skokloster Castle in Sweden. There they were discovered in the 1830s by Helsinki professor Sergej Solov’ev, who in turn removed a relatively large part of the collection to St Petersburg. Portions of Solov’ev’s collection of documents from Skokloster were published in 1841 in Akty istoričeskie. Around 1900, Russian historian Jurij Got’e worked on the documents from the Swedish National Archives, and in 1912, he published a text edition comprising much of the collection, Pamjatniki oborony Smolenska 1609–1611. The article includes a brief overview of the contents of the material in Stockholm, with a few examples of individual documents. A digital catalogue of the Smolensk Archives is currently being prepared, including brief descriptions of the contents and information on external characteristics such as condition, inscriptions and watermarks.

Is it possible to survive on a deserted farm: Manors, tenants and farming systems during the Middle Ages in the Lägerbo area, Östergötland. 

This study approaches the late medieval farm desertion from a landscape perspective. It focuses on the area of a former medieval estate in southern Östergötland, Sweden. Based on a retrogressive analysis of cadastral maps and historical records the medieval settlement is reconstructed. In this process three formerly unknown deserted farms were identified, with abandoned field systems and building remains.  The volume provides the archaeological documentation of field systems and settlements at these sites. These data provide the background for investigating the shifting social and ecological circumstances that once made it possible for tenant families to survive on these farms. During the height of the manorial system the small farms were specialised units in a redistributive system. In the late 14^th century the estate and all tenant farms were donated to the convents of Vadstena and Vreta.  Rents were no longer paid in labour but in butter.  In the fifteenth century several farms were abandoned and turned into meadows under the surviving farms. The new tenurial relations prevented the recolonization of the farms. The study is the result of an interdisciplinary project involving medieval archaeology, historical geography, palynology and medieval history.

This book by Susanne Härtel is not a comprehensive survey of all 150 medieval Jewish graveyards in the Holy Roman Empire, although the title may create such expectations in the reader. Instead, it is an in-depth study of the complex relationships between the Jewish minorities and the Christian majorities in five German-speaking cities—Magdeburg, Dortmund, Speyer, Regensburg and Zürich. The investigation is a methodological ‘experiment’, based on five different aspects of the graveyards in these cities, namely their location, spatial demarcation, the dead themselves, the gravestones and the visitors. These aspects are in turn analysed from three phenomenological perspectives: visuality, practice and semantics. Through this grid of fifteen viewpoints, Härtel discusses religious differences and similarities between Jews and Christians, and to what extent the religious categories were more important than other distinctions in medieval urban culture, such as gender, professions and social status. By using cemeteries as a starting point, the author aims to study the everyday encounters between Jews and Christians, instead of the more well-known outbreaks of prosecution and expulsion of Jews from medieval cities.

Könspolitiska nyckeltexter är en mångfacetterad introduktion till svensk genushistoria. Genom ett pärlband av originaltexter, från C.J.L. Almqvists roman Det går an 1839 till #metoouppropen 2017, ges en fördjupad förståelse av hur kön har diskuterats, politiserats och iscensatts under nästan 200 år. Varje nyckeltext är kommenterad och analyserad av en forskare.

Arbete, sexuella rättigheter, familjeliv, diskriminering, våld, försörjning, värnplikt, rösträtt, preventivmedel, skönhet och barnomsorg är några exempel på de många frågor som behandlas i boken, nu i omarbetad och utvidgad upplaga.

På 1780-talet fick det engelska medeltida krigsvapnet; den engelska långbågen, en ovän- tad och plötslig renässans i England, när historiskt bågskytte blev en hobby på modet inom den engelska aristokratin. Efter Napoleonkrigens slut 1815 utvecklades skyttet till enfolklig massrörelse, inom den växande och allt mer inflytelserika engelska medelklassen.

Under tidsperioden 1780-1845 blev den engelska långbågen (The English longbow ellerThe English warbow) instrumentell i produktionen av en specifikt engelsk – det vill sägainte brittisk – nationalistisk minneskultur, utifrån de medeltida engelska bågskyttarnassegrar på slagfälten, i krig mot franska och skotska arméer. Parallellt förstärktes de natio- nalistiska narrativen kring den engelske nationalhjälten och långbågeskytten Robin Hood. Den engelska långbågen, som objekt, blev en manifestation av engelsk nationalism.

En viktig del av den engelska långbågskytterörelsen var inkluderingen av både kvinnor och män, trots skyttets karaktär av maskulin krigiskhet och militärhistoria, angående medel- tida krigståg, där ”the English bowman” hade triumferat. Faktum är att den kvinnliga bågskytten hyllades som ett ideal för engelska kvinnor, samtidigt som patriarkal brittisk doktrin dikterade att kvinnor borde hålla sig innanför hemmets väggar, i den privata sfä-ren, medan den offentliga sfären (yrkeskarriär, politik, idrott, etc.) borde vara ett exklusivtmanligt utrymme. Kvinnor skulle vara fruar, mödrar eller döttrar – inte krigare. Hur vardessa bägge kvinnoideal möjliga att förena? I denna fråga återfinns denna studies kärna.

Hur konstruerades engelsk krigshistorisk nationalism 1780-1845 kring den engelska långbågen? Hur inkluderades kvinnor i denna maskulina nationalism? Hur producerades, kommunicerades och reproducerades kvinnlig agens i en militärhistorisk nationalistiskdiskurs, som i andra europeiska länder (exempelvis Sverige) ansågs självklart exklusivtmanlig?

Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie hur den engelska långbågen blev central för den gryende engelska moderna nationalismen 1780-1845, och hur kvinnor inkluderades – eller snarare inkluderade sig själva – i denna nationalism, som långbågeskyttar.

Studien visar att svaren på forskningsfrågorna återfinns i en sammanflätad väv av engelskminneskultur, angående historiska krig och bågskytte; genuskonstruktioner och kvinnlig agens; konstruktioner av engelsk nationell identitet och engelsk nationalism; samt engel- ska samhällsutvecklingar under introduktionen av modernitet och industrialism.

Allt detta berättar historien om hur de engelska bågskytte-amazonerna–The Amazon Archers of England–blev en realitet 1780-1845.