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  • 1.
    Beltrán-Abaunza, José M.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Kratzer, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Hoglander, Helena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Using MERIS data to assess the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton in coastal areas2017In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 2004-2028Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to highlight how satellite data can be used for an improved understanding of ecological processes in a narrow coastal bay. The usefulness of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data (2003-2011) as a complement to the in situ monitoring in Himmerferdenn (HF) bay is used as an example that can also be applied to other coastal areas. HF bay is one of the most frequently monitored coastal areas in the world, allowing for a rigorous comparison between satellites and ship-based monitoring data. MERIS data was used for the integration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) over each waterbody in the HF area, following the national waterbody classification by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Chl-a anomaly maps were produced for the bay and its adjacent areas. The maps could be used to show events with high chl-a, both with natural causes (e.g. a Prymnesium polylepis bloom observed in summer 2008) and of anthropogenic causes (e.g. failure in the local sewage treatment plant resulting in a strong spring bloom in 2006). Anomaly maps thereby allow to scan larger coastal stretches to discriminate areas that may require additional sampling by ship, or to identify areas that do not differ much from the median value of the MERIS time series.

  • 2.
    Brown, Ian A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology (INK).
    Assessing eco-scarcity as a cause of the outbreak of conflict in Darfur: a remote sensing approach2010In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 31, no 10, p. 2513-2520Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The conflict in Darfur, Western Sudan, is frequently represented in the media as a dispute over access to resources by competing communities. Environmental degradation is often cited as either a causal or a contributory factor to the outbreak of the conflict and its prolongation. In this paper, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data are used as a measure of 'eco-scarcity' to assess the notion that the outbreak of conflict was the result of competition for resources between communities. It is shown that there is no evidence in the vegetation mapping for a worsening of the ecological situation in Western and Northern Darfur states around the outbreak of the conflict. On the contrary, the years prior to the outbreak of the conflict experienced better than average vegetation growth in the context of the past 25 years.

  • 3.
    Hannerz, Fredrik
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology (INK).
    Lotsch, Alexander
    Assessment of remotely sensed and statistical inventories of African agricultural fields2008In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 29, no 13, p. 3787-3804Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper critically examines different sources of remotely sensed and statistical inventories of African agricultural fields. Substantial discrepancies are found across alternative sources of information in both the extent and location of agricultural fields. In one-third of the countries, the difference between lowest and highest field extent estimate exceeds 25% of the total country area, and the maximum difference at the continental level is 2.6 million km2. Much of the disagreement between land-cover maps arises from areas of low cropping density. These inconsistencies have important implications when using these data directly, e.g. for the assessment of land cover changes, or indirectly in economic or physical models, and indicate a need to explicitly quantify uncertainties arising from the limitations in land-cover data. They also highlight the need for development of regional land information systems for baseline development and informed policy decisions.

  • 4.
    Kari, Elina
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Kratzer, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Beltrán-Abaunza, José M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Harvey, E. Therese
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Vaiciute, Diana
    Retrieval of suspended particulate matter from turbidity - model development, validation, and application to MERIS data over the Baltic Sea2017In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 1983-2003Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suspended particulate matter (SPM) causes most of the scattering in natural waters and thus has a strong influence on the underwater light field, and consequently on the whole ecosystem. Turbidity is related to the concentration of SPM which usually is measured gravimetrically, a rather time-consuming method. Measuring turbidity is quick and easy, and therefore also more cost-effective. When derived from remote sensing data the method becomes even more cost-effective because of the good spatial resolution of satellite data and the synoptic capability of the method. Turbidity is also listed in the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive as a supporting monitoring parameter, especially in the coastal zone. In this study, we aim to provide a new Baltic Sea algorithm to retrieve SPM concentration from in situ turbidity and investigate how this can be applied to satellite data. An in situ dataset was collected in Swedish coastal waters to develop a new SPM model. The model was then tested against independent datasets from both Swedish and Lithuanian coastal waters. Despite the optical variability in the datasets, SPM and turbidity were strongly correlated (r = 0.97). The developed model predicts SPM reliably from in situ turbidity (R-2 = 0.93) with a mean normalized bias (MNB) of 2.4% for the Swedish and 14.0% for the Lithuanian datasets, and a relative error (RMS) of 25.3% and 37.3%, respectively. In the validation dataset, turbidity ranged from 0.3 to 49.8 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Unit) and correspondingly, SPM concentration ranged from 0.3 to 34.0 g m(-3) which covers the ranges typical for Baltic Sea waters. Next, the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) standard SPM product MERIS Ground Segment (MEGS) was tested on all available match-up data (n = 67). The correlation between SPM retrieved from MERIS and in situ SPM was strong for the Swedish dataset with r = 0.74 (RMS = 47.4 and MNB = 11.3%; n = 32) and very strong for the Lithuanian dataset with r = 0.94 (RMS = 29.5% and MNB = -1.5%; n = 35). Then, the turbidity was derived from the MERIS standard SPM product using the new in situ SPM model, but retrieving turbidity from SPM instead. The derived image was then compared to existing in situ data and showed to be in the right range of values for each sub-area. The new SPM model provides a robust and cost-efficient method to determine SPM from in situ turbidity measurements (or vice versa). The developed SPM model predicts SPM concentration with high quality despite the high coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) range in the Baltic Sea. By applying the developed SPM model to already existing remote sensing data (MERIS/Envisat) and most importantly to a new generation of satellite sensors (in particular OLCI on board the Sentinel-3), it is possible to derive turbidity for the Baltic Sea.

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  • 5. Knudby, Anders
    et al.
    Nordlund, Lina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Systems Ecology.
    Remote sensing of seagrasses in a patchy multi-species environment2011In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 32, no 8, p. 2227-2244Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We tested the utility of IKONOS satellite imagery to map seagrass distribution and biomass in a 4.1 km2 area around Chumbe Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Considered to be a challenging environment to map, this area is characterized by a diverse mix of inter- and subtidal habitat types. Our mapped distribution of seagrasses corresponded well to field data, although the total seagrass area was underestimated due to spectral confusion and misclassification of areas with sparse seagrass patches as sparse coral and algae-covered limestone rock. Seagrass biomass was also accurately estimated (r2 = 0.83), except in areas with Thalassodendron ciliatum (r2 = 0.57), as the stems of T. ciliatum change the relationship between light interception and biomass from that of other species in the area. We recommend the use of remote sensing over field-based methods for seagrass mapping because of the comprehensive coverage, high accuracy and ability to estimate biomass. The results obtained with IKONOS imagery in our complex study area are encouraging, and support the use of this data source for seagrass mapping in similar areas.

  • 6.
    Margold, Martin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Jansson, Krister
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Evaluation of data sources for mapping glacial meltwater features2012In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 33, no 8, p. 2355-2377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The meltwater system of disintegrating ice sheets provides an important source of information for the reconstruction of ice-retreat patterns during deglaciation. Recent method development in glacial geomorphology, using satellite imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs) for glacial landform mapping, has predominantly been focused on the identification of lineation and other large-scale accumulation features. Landforms created by meltwater have often been neglected in these efforts. Meltwater features such as channels, deltas and fossil shorelines were traditionally mapped using stereo interpretation of aerial photographs. However, during the transition into the digital era, driven by a wish to cover large areas more economically, meltwater features were lost in most mapping surveys. We have evaluated different sets of satellite images and DEMs for their suitability to map glacial meltwater features (lateral meltwater channels, eskers, deltas, ice-dammed lake drainage channels and fossil shorelines) in comparison with the traditional mapping from aerial photographs. Several sets of satellite images and DEMs were employed to map the landform record of three reference areas, located in northwestern Scotland, northeastern Finland and western Sweden. The employed satellite imagery consisted of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 5 and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)1C, and the DEMs used were from NEXTMap Britain, Panorama, National elevation data set of Sweden and National Land Survey of Finland. ASTER images yielded better results than the panchromatic band of Landsat 7 ETM+ in all three regions, despite the same spatial resolution of the data. In agreement with previous studies, this study shows that DEMs display accumulation features such as eskers suitably well. Satellite images are shown to be insufficiently detailed for the interpretation of smaller features such as meltwater channels. Hence, satellite imagery and DEMs of intermediate resolution contain meltwater system information only at a general level that allows for the identification of landforms of medium to large sizes. It is therefore pertinent that data with an appropriate spatial and spectral resolution are accessed to fulfil the need of a particular mapping effort. Stereointerpretation of aerial photographs continues to be an advisable method for local meltwater system reconstructions; alternatively, it can be replaced by mapping fromhigh-resolution DEMs such as NEXTMap Britain. For regional to sub-continental reconstructions, the use of ASTER satellite imagery is recommended, because it provides both spectral and spatial resolutions suitable for the identification of meltwater features on a medium to large scale.

  • 7.
    Morozov, Evgeny
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences. Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Russia.
    Kondrik, D.
    Fedorova, A.
    Pozdnyakov, D.
    Tang, D. L.
    Pettersson, L.
    A spaceborne assessment of cyclone impacts on Barents Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll2015In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 36, no 7, p. 1921-1941Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A pilot satellite-based investigation of modulations exerted upon mixed-layer phytoplankton fields by cyclones was performed for the first time across a selected part of the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea (BS). Resorting to a synergistic approach, cyclones were first identified from NCEP/NC.R data for the summer period during 2003-2013, and their propagation throughout the BS was further surveyed. The above-water wind force was retrieved from QuikSCAT data. These data were further accompanied by ocean colour data from SeaWiFS and MODIS to examine the spatial and temporal distributions of surficial phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration (chl) dynamics along the trajectory of the cyclone's footprint across the sea. Sea surface temperature was retrieved from MODIS data. The specific trajectory of cyclone passage across the BS area, depression depth, and wind speed proved to be conjointly the main factors determining the sign, amplitude, and duration of modulations of phytoplankton chl. The spaceborne data obtained over more than a decade indicate that, on balance, the cyclone passage led to increase in chl within the cyclone footprint area. On average, this increase did not exceed 1-2 mu g l(-1), which is nevertheless appreciable given that the mean chl within the cyclone footprint rarely exceeded 1 mu g l(-1). However, chl enhancement within the footprint area lasted only within the range of a few days to a fortnight, with the footprint area generally accounting for about 14% of the BS area. During the vegetation season (April-August, rarely till mid-September), the number of cyclones prone to optical and infrared remote sensing was about 2-3. In light of the above, arguably the cyclones studied are hardly capable of boosting annual primary productivity in the BS. Moreover, it can be conjectured that the same conclusion can be drawn with respect to the pelagic Arctic tracts that are generally less productive and more extensively cloud-covered than the BS. However, this supposition requires further studies in order to advance our understanding of the actual role of cyclones in modulation of Arctic Ocean productivity and ecosystem functioning.

  • 8.
    Mård Karlsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Arnberg, Wolter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Quality analysis of SRTM and HYDRO1K: a case study of flood inundation in Mozambique2011In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 267-285Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many countries still lack national digital elevation models (DEMs) and have to rely on global datasets, which can negatively influence the reliability of flood model results. Mozambique is considered the most risk prone country for floods in Southern Africa. In this study a quality and accuracy assessment of two global DEMs (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and HYDRO1K) is presented for a simple static flood inundation model of lower Limpopo Basin. This is accomplished with a local fit and vertical accuracy assessment of global datasets on a local scale as well as simulations of flood extent in the floodplain carried out by filling the DEMs with water according to the 2000 flood event. The results from the vertical accuracy assessment show that global DEMs can be used on a local scale. However, flood simulations performed on original DEMs contain inadequacies and are misleading with both under-and overestimation of the flooded area, while simulation performed on locally fitted DEMs shows a better agreement with the actual event. This study clearly shows that DEMs with questionable accuracy and resolution should be used with great caution in flood inundation modelling because they could result in deceptive model predictions, and lead to devastating after-effects in risk prone areas.

  • 9. Patil, S. D.
    et al.
    Thompson, B.
    Stockholm University.
    Revadekar, J. V.
    On the variation of the tropospheric ozone over Indian region in relation to the meteorological parameters2009In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 30, no 11, p. 2813-2826Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using monthly mean satellite measurements of TOMS/SBUV tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) data and meteorological parameters (tropopause height (TPH), 200hPa geopotential height (GPH) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR)) during 1979-2001, seasonal variability of TOR data and their association with meteorological parameters are outlined over the Indian region. Prominent higher values of TOR (44-48DU, which is higher than the globally averaged 31.5DU) are observed over the northern parts of the country during the summer monsoon season (June-September). Similar to the TOR variation, meteorological parameters (tropopause height, 200hPa geopotential height and outgoing longwave radiation) also show higher values during the summer monsoon season, suggesting an in phase relationship and strong association between them because of deep convection present during summer monsoon time. The monthly trends in TOR values are found to be positive over the region. TOR has significant positive correlations (5% level) with GPH, and negative correlations with OLR and TPH for the month of September. The oxidation chains initiated by CH4 and CO show the enhanced photochemical production of ozone that would certainly become hazardous to the ecological system. Interestingly, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions were found to have continuously increased over the Indian region during the period 1990-2000, indicating more anthropogenic production of ozone precursor gases causing higher level of tropospheric ozone during this period.

  • 10. Philipson, Petra
    et al.
    Kratzer, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Ben Mustapha, Selima
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences.
    Strömbeck, Niklas
    Stelzer, Kerstin
    Satellite-based water quality monitoring in Lake Vänern, Sweden2016In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 37, no 16, p. 3938-3960Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lake Vänern, Sweden, is one of Europe’s largest lakes and has a historical, cultural, ecological as well as economic importance. Lake water quality monitoring is required by national and international legislations and directives, but present programmes are insufficient to meet the requirements. To complement in situ based monitoring, the possibility to obtain reliable information about spatial and temporal water quality trends in Lake Vänern from the ENVISAT mission’s MERIS instrument was evaluated. The complete archive (2002–2012) of MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) full resolution data was processed using the water processor developed by Free University Berlin (FUB) to derive aerosol optical thickness (AOT), remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) and water quality parameters: chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, coloured dissolved organic matter absorption at 443 nm (CDOM), and total suspended matter (TSM) concentration. The objective was to investigate if, either, FUB reflectance products in combination with potential lake-specific band ratio algorithms for water quality estimation, or directly, FUB water quality products, could complement the existing monitoring programme.

    Application of lake-specific band ratio algorithms requires high-quality reflectance products based on correctly estimated AOT. The FUB reflectance and AOT products were evaluated using Aerosol Robotic Network – Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) match-up data measured at station Pålgrunden in Lake Vänern. The mean absolute percentage differences (MAPDs) of the final reflectance retrievals at 413, 443, 490, 555, and 665 nm were 510%, 48%, 33%, 34%, and 33%, respectively, corresponding to a large positive bias in 413 nm, positive bias in 443–555 nm, and a negative bias in 665 nm. AOT was strongly overestimated in all bands.

    The FUB water quality products were evaluated using match-up in situ data of chl-a, filtered absorbance (AbsF(420)) and turbidity as AbsF(420) is related to CDOM and turbidity is strongly related to TSM. The in situ data was collected within the Swedish national and regional monitoring programmes. In order to widen the range of water constituents and add more data to the analysis, data from four large Swedish lakes (Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren, and Hjälmaren) was included in the analysis. High correlation (≥ 0.85) between in situ data and MERIS FUB derived water quality estimates were obtained, but the absolute levels were over- (chl-a) or under- (CDOM) estimated. TSM was retrieved without bias.

    Calibration algorithms were established for chl-a and CDOM based on the match-up data from all four lakes. After calibration of the MERIS FUB data, realistic time series could be derived that were well in line with in situ measurements. The MAPDs of the final retrievals of chl-a, AbsF(420) and Turbidity in Lake Vänern were 37%, 15%, and 35%, respectively, corresponding to mean absolute differences (MADs) of 0.9 µg l−1, 0.17 m−1, and 0.32 mg l−1 in absolute values.

    The partly inaccurate reflectance estimations in combination with both positive and negative bias imply that successful application of band ratio algorithms is unlikely. The high correlation between MERIS FUB water quality products and in situ data, on the other hand, shows a potential to complement present water quality monitoring programmes and improve the understanding and representability of the temporally and spatially sparse in situ observations. The monitoring potential shown in this study is applicable to the Sentinel-3 mission’s OLCI (Ocean Land Colour Instrument), which was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in February 2016 as a part of the EC Copernicus programme.

  • 11. Räsänen, Aleksi
    et al.
    Wagner, Julia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Hugelius, Gustaf
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Virtanen, Tarmo
    Aboveground biomass patterns across treeless northern landscapes2021In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 42, no 12, p. 4532-4557Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aboveground vegetation biomass in northern treeless landscapes - peatlands and Arctic tundra - has been modelled with spectral information derived from optical remote sensing in several studies. However, synthesized overviews of biomass patterns across circumpolar sites have been limited. Based on data from eight study sites in Europe, Siberia and Canada, we ask (1) how biomass is divided between plant functional types (PFTs) and (2) how well biomass patterns can be detected with widely available, moderate spatial resolution (3-10 m) satellite imagery and topographic data. We explain biomass patterns using random forest regressions with the predictors being spectral bands and indices calculated from multi-temporal Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope imagery and topographic information calculated from ArcticDEM data. Our results indicate that there are notable differences in vegetation composition between northern landscapes with mosses, graminoids and deciduous shrubs being the most dominant PFTs. Remote sensing data detects biomass patterns, but regression performance varies between sites (explained variance 36-70%, normalized root mean square error 9-19%). There is also variability between sites whether Sentinel-2 or PlanetScope data is more suitable to detect biomass patterns and which the most important predictors are. Topographic information has a minor or negligible importance in most of the sites. Our results suggest that there is no easily generalizable relationship between satellite-derived vegetation greenness and biomass.

  • 12. Sterckx, Sindy
    et al.
    Brown, Ian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Kääb, Andreas
    Krol, Maarten
    Morrow, Rosemary
    Veefkind, Pepijn
    Boersma, K. Folkert
    De Mazière, Martine
    Fox, Nigel
    Thorne, Peter
    Towards a European Cal/Val service for earth observation2020In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 41, no 12, p. 4496-4511Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Societal dependence on, and commercial and scientific exploitation of Earth-Oriented remote sensing from satellites is growing at an exponential rate. The comprehensive EU Copernicus programme provides a major contribution to the global effort, but even so, to achieve the necessary global and temporal coverage requires synergistic cooperation and associated interoperability of the Worlds sensors. For a user to exploit Earth Observation (EO) data there must exist confidence in data characteristics, quality and reliable delivery. Although long-term data records for climate may be the most demanding in nature, generation of analysis-ready operational data sets for applications, as diverse as food security to pollution monitoring, all require the user to have some quantitative level of confidence in the data and derived information. A long-term Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) vision necessitates clear ownership and long-term funding. Delineating the roles of the European Commission (EC), space agencies and member states in long-term Cal/Val would provide clarity. It is clear that the space agencies have the responsibility to meet the mission requirement of their spaceborne instruments but long-term validation is often entrusted to interested parties bringing their own resources to the task. Furthermore, there is a critical need for Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs), acquired in operational mode, and comprehensive in coverage both spatially and temporally, to assure that the satellite product accuracies are met. This paper discusses the current status, gaps and challenges regarding long-term Cal/Val of EO satellites and recommends the creation of a European coordinating entity for satellite product calibration and validation. The proposed entity would be an integrative organization coordinating the European Cal/Val activities in partnership with the member states and the space agencies and working together with existing data providers to secure access to satellite and in-situ data of traceable FRM standards.

  • 13. Varpe, Sandeep R.
    et al.
    Kolhe, Amol R.
    Kutal, Ganesh C.
    Pawar, Ganesh V.
    Payra, Swagata
    Budhavant, Krishnakant B.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry. Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo, Republic of the Maldives; Indian Institute of Science, India.
    Aher, Gajanan R.
    Devara, Panuganti C. S.
    Heterogeneity in aerosol characteristics at the semi-arid and island AERONET observing sites in India and Maldives2018In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 39, no 19, p. 6137-6169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-year Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) direct Sun retrieved and inversion algorithm derived aerosol products at a semi-arid, urban site, Jaipur (26.90 degrees N, 75.80 degrees E) and island observing site, Maldives Climate Observatory-Hanimaadhoo (MCO-Hanimaadhoo, 6.74 degrees N, 73.17 degrees E) are analysed to investigate heterogeneity in aerosol optical and microphysical properties. Results reveal the existence of a large seasonal diversity in the frequency distributions of aerosol optical depth (AOD(500) (nm), AOD(1020) (nm)) and angstrom ngstrom exponent (AE(440-870) (nm)) during different seasons at Jaipur and MCO-Hanimaadhoo. These are indicative of the advection of different aerosol types (viz., black carbon (BC) aerosol, organic aerosol, sulfate particle, dust, sea salt, nitrate particle, and mixtures thereof) from a variety of production mechanisms influenced by strong seasonal changes of anthropogenic activities as well as modulations induced by the climatic condition. The cumulative frequency analysis of the single scattering albedo (SSA) difference (i.e. Delta SSA = SSA(440) (nm) - SSA(1020) (nm)) shows that at Jaipur Delta SSA is predominantly negative (around 88% days) while at MCO-Hanimaadhoo it is positive (around 74% days). The positive and negative values of Delta SSA are respectively linked to a stronger absorption by BC mixed anthropogenic pollution aerosols at 1020 nm and to a stronger absorption by mineral dust containing iron oxide at 440 nm. The spectral behaviour of SSA, thus, facilitates investigation of the existence of iron oxide or BC in aerosols. The 'Bivariate Kernel density' plots of SSA versus fine-mode fraction (FMF) of AOD(440) (nm)/AE(440-870) (nm) reveal that at Jaipur the aerosol ensemble consists of coarse-mode particles (AE and FMF cluster in the range 0.2-0.4), a dominant category along with significant fine-mode and much less mixed category. At MCO-Hanimaadhoo fine-mode particle category (with FMF and AE cluster in the range 0.90-0.95 and 1.2-1.6 respectively) is the only dominant category. The persisting log-normal bimodal feature in aerosol volume size distribution (AVSD) is observed both at Jaipur and MCO-Hanimaadhoo. The modal volume concentration of coarse-mode aerosol decreases from FMF of AOD(675) (nm) = 0.25 (inherently belonging to the coarse-mode regime) to FMF of AOD(675) (nm) = 0.95 (inherently belonging to the fine-mode regime). This transformation in coarse-to fine-mode volume concentration is associated with a steady rise in AE(440-874) (nm) supporting this changeover.

  • 14.
    Witt, Georg
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Meteorology .
    Size and shape of ice grains in the mesopause region2011In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 32, no 11, p. 3029-3041Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is devoted to optical remote-sensing techniques successfully applied to investigations of the mesospheric aerosol layer, starting with a short history of the development of optical sounding experiments. In the following part, a theoretical basis of scattering measurements is discussed. A brief description of the theoretical principles of optical analysis of aerosol properties, ending with a survey of current activity and, as yet, unresolved problems is presented. It can be concluded that there is a consensus regarding the size range of mesospheric aerosol particles. The contribution of the smallest particles cannot be assessed by current optical methods. The combination of the scattering measurement with an electromechanical impact detector is a promising technique. The true size distribution, more correctly a statistical average of many possible distributions, must rely on numerical modelling. Regarding the shape of the particles, the noctilucent-cloud particles are not perfect spheres. New insight into this problem can be expected from the ongoing observational program of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) and Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM).

  • 15.
    Wästfelt, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Land use qualities identified in remotely-sensed images2009In: International Journal of Remote Sensing, ISSN 0143-1161, E-ISSN 1366-5901, Vol. 30, no 9, p. 2411-2427Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Land use can be defined as the intentional use of a specific piece of land resulting in patterns of ecological responses that are visible in land cover and landscape. The responses to land use often result in a heterogeneous combination of classes of land cover. Existing methods used in the classification of satellite imagery are limited in their capacity to handle categories consisting of heterogeneous or multiple land cover classes. Accordingly, a spatial relational post-classification (SRPC) method has been developed which uses a spatial relational post-classification of land cover classes based on the incorporation of information about identified land use qualities. This paper explains how this method works, and presents the results from a case study of the surroundings of Sotasa village located in southern Sweden. Different land cover classes were aggregated semantically into two land use quality classes. In conclusion, it is argued that it is possible to make the semantic shift from reflectance to land use qualities using the developed method on satellite data, and that this provides considerable scope for the future analysis of land use.

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