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  • 1. Abbott, Peter M.
    et al.
    Davies, Siwan M.
    Steffensen, Jorgen Peder
    Pearce, Nicholas J. G.
    Bigler, Matthias
    Johnsen, Sigfus J.
    Seierstad, Inger K.
    Svensson, Anders
    Wastegård, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    A detailed framework of Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 5 volcanic events recorded in two Greenland ice-cores2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 36, p. 59-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sulphate records from Greenland ice-cores indicate that Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 5 were charactensed by a higher incidence of large volcanic eruptions than other periods during the last glacial period, however, few investigations have focused on tephra deposits associated with these volcanic eruptions and the nature and origin of the events. Here we present a detailed tephrochronological framework of the products of 15 volcanic events spanning this interval: the majority of which have been preserved as cryptotephra horizons within the Greenland records. The major element compositions of individual glass shards within these horizons indicate that 13 of the eruptions originated from Iceland and 6 of these events can be correlated to the specific volcanic systems of Katla, Grimsvotn, Grimsvotn-Kverkfjoll and either Reykjanes or Veidivotn-Bardarbunga. For the remaining Icelandic horizons a source from either the rift zone or a flank zone can be suggested based on rock suite affinities. Two horizons have been correlated to a source from the Jan Mayen volcanic system which represents the first discovery of material from this system within any Greenland ice-cores. The robust geochemical characterisations, independent ages for these horizons (derived from the GICCO5 ice-core chronology) and stratigraphic positions relative to the Dansgaard-Oeschger climate events recorded in the Greenland ice-cores represent a critical framework that provides new information on the frequency and nature of volcanic events occurring in the North Atlantic region during MIS 4 and 5. This framework can now be utilised in the assessment of the differential timing and rate of response to the millennial-scale climatic events that characterised this period, through the use of the tephra horizons as time-synchronous tie-lines to other palaeoclimatic sequences.

  • 2.
    Ahmed, Engy
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences. Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab).
    Parducci, Laura
    Unneberg, Per
    Ågren, Rasmus
    Schenk, Frederik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Rattray, Jayne E.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Han, Lu
    Muschitiello, Francesco
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences. Columbia University, USA.
    Pedersen, Mikkel W.
    Smittenberg, Rienk H.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Afrifa Yamoah, Kweku
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Slotte, Tanja
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences. Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab).
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Archaeal community changes in Lateglacial lake sediments: Evidence from ancient DNA2018In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 181, p. 19-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Lateglacial/early Holocene sediments from the ancient lake at Hasseldala Port, southern Sweden provide an important archive for the environmental and climatic shifts at the end of the last ice age and the transition into the present Interglacial. The existing multi-proxy data set highlights the complex interplay of physical and ecological changes in response to climatic shifts and lake status changes. Yet, it remains unclear how microorganisms, such as Archaea, which do not leave microscopic features in the sedimentary record, were affected by these climatic shifts. Here we present the metagenomic data set of Hasseldala Port with a special focus on the abundance and biodiversity of Archaea. This allows reconstructing for the first time the temporal succession of major Archaea groups between 13.9 and 10.8 ka BP by using ancient environmental DNA metagenomics and fossil archaeal cell membrane lipids. We then evaluate to which extent these findings reflect physical changes of the lake system, due to changes in lake-water summer temperature and seasonal lake-ice cover. We show that variations in archaeal composition and diversity were related to a variety of factors (e.g., changes in lake water temperature, duration of lake ice cover, rapid sediment infilling), which influenced bottom water conditions and the sediment-water interface. Methanogenic Archaea dominated during the Allerod and Younger Dryas pollen zones, when the ancient lake was likely stratified and anoxic for large parts of the year. The increase in archaeal diversity at the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition is explained by sediment infilling and formation of a mire/peatbog.

  • 3. Alexanderson, Helena
    et al.
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Cronin, Thomas M.
    Funder, Svend
    Ingólfsson, Ólafur
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Landvik, Jon Y.
    Löwemark, Ludvig
    Mangerud, Jan
    März, Christian
    Möller, Per
    O'Regan, Matthew
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Spielhagen, Robert F.
    An Arctic perspective on dating Mid-Late Pleistocene environmental history2014In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 92, p. 9-31Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To better understand Pleistocene climatic changes in the Arctic, integrated palaeoenvironmental andpalaeoclimatic signals from a variety of marine and terrestrial geological records as well as geochronologicage control are required, not least for correlation to extra-Arctic records. In this paper we discuss,from an Arctic perspective, methods and correlation tools that are commonly used to date ArcticPleistocene marine and terrestrial events. We review the state of the art of Arctic geochronology, withfocus on factors that affect the possibility and quality of dating, and support this overview by examples ofapplication of modern dating methods to Arctic terrestrial and marine sequences.Event stratigraphy and numerical ages are important tools used in the Arctic to correlate fragmentedterrestrial records and to establish regional stratigraphic schemes. Age control is commonly provided byradiocarbon, luminescence or cosmogenic exposure ages. Arctic Ocean deep-sea sediment successionscan be correlated over large distances based on geochemical and physical property proxies for sedimentcomposition, patterns in palaeomagnetic records and, increasingly, biostratigraphic data. Many of theseproxies reveal cyclical patterns that provide a basis for astronomical tuning.Recent advances in dating technology, calibration and age modelling allow for measuring smallerquantities of material and to more precisely date previously undatable material (i.e. foraminifera for 14C,and single-grain luminescence). However, for much of the Pleistocene there are still limits to the resolutionof most dating methods. Consequently improving the accuracy and precision (analytical andgeological uncertainty) of dating methods through technological advances and better understanding ofprocesses are important tasks for the future. Another challenge is to better integrate marine andterrestrial records, which could be aided by targeting continental shelf and lake records, exploringproxies that occur in both settings, and by creating joint research networks that promote collaborationbetween marine and terrestrial geologists and modellers.

  • 4.
    Ampel, Linda
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Bigler, Christian
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University.
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Risberg, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Lotter, André F.
    Institute of Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University.
    Veres, Daniel
    “Emil Racovita” Speleological Institute, Clinicilor 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
    Modest summer temperature variability during DO cycles in western Europe2010In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 29, no 11-12, p. 1322-1327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abrupt climatic shifts between cold stadials and warm interstadials, termed Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles, occurred frequently during the Last Glacial. Their imprint is registered in paleorecords worldwide, but little is known about the actual temperature change both annually and seasonally in different regions. A recent hypothesis based on modelling studies, suggests that DO cycles were characterised by distinct changes in seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere. The largest temperature change between stadial and interstadial phases would have occurred during the winter and spring seasons, whereas the summer seasons would have experienced a rather muted temperature shift. Here we present a temporally high-resolved reconstruction of summer temperatures for eastern France during a sequence of DO cycles between 36 and 18 thousand years before present. The reconstruction is based on fossil diatom assemblages from the paleolake Les Echets and indicates summer temperature changes of ca 0.5–2 °C between stadials and interstadials. This study is the first to reconstruct temperatures with a sufficient time resolution to investigate DO climate variability in continental Europe. It is therefore also the first proxy record that can test and support the hypothesis that temperature changes during DO cycles were modest during the summer season.

  • 5. Anchukaitis, Kevin J.
    et al.
    Wilson, Rob
    Briffa, Keith R.
    Buntgen, Ulf
    Cook, Edward R.
    D'Arrigo, Rosanne
    Davi, Nicole
    Esper, Jan
    Frank, David
    Gunnarson, Björn E.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Hegerl, Gabi
    Helama, Samuli
    Klesse, Stefan
    Krusic, Paul J.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Linderholm, Hans W.
    Myglan, Vladimir
    Osborn, Timothy J.
    Zhang, Peng
    Rydval, Milos
    Schneider, Lea
    Schurer, Andrew
    Wiles, Greg
    Zorita, Eduardo
    Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from tree rings: Part II, spatially resolved reconstructions2017In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 163, p. 1-22Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to characterize regional scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated with atmospheric circulation changes, radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (May August) mean temperatures across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (40-90 degrees N) using Point-by-Point Regression (PPR). The resulting annual maps of temperature anomalies (750-1988 CE) reveal a consistent imprint of volcanism, with 96% of reconstructed grid points experiencing colder conditions following eruptions. Solar influences are detected at the bicentennial (de Vries) frequency, although at other time scales the influence of insolation variability is weak. Approximately 90% of reconstructed grid points show warmer temperatures during the Medieval Climate Anomaly when compared to the Little Ice Age, although the magnitude varies spatially across the hemisphere. Estimates of field reconstruction skill through time and over space can guide future temporal extension and spatial expansion of the proxy network.

  • 6. Andersen, J. L.
    et al.
    Newall, Jennifer C.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Purdue University, USA.
    Blomdin, Robin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Sams, S. E.
    Fabel, D.
    Koester, A. J.
    Lifton, N. A.
    Fredin, O.
    Caffee, M. W.
    Glasser, Neil F.
    Rogozhina, I.
    Suganuma, Y.
    Harbor, Jonathan M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Purdue University, USA; Purdue University Global, USA.
    Stroeven, Arjen P.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Ice surface changes during recent glacial cycles along the Jutulstraumen and Penck Trough ice streams in western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica2020In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 249, article id 106636Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reconstructing past ice-sheet surface changes is key to testing and improving ice-sheet models. Data constraining the past behaviour of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet are sparse, limiting our understanding of its response to past, present and future climate change. Here, we report the first cosmogenic multinuclide (Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36) data from bedrock and erratics on nunataks along the Jutulstraumen and Penck Trough ice streams in western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Spanning elevations between 741 and 2394 m above sea level, the samples have apparent exposure ages between 2 ka and 5 Ma. The highest-elevation bedrock sample indicates (near-) continuous minimum exposure since the Pliocene, with a low apparent erosion rate of 0.15 +/- 0.03 m Ma(-1), which is similar to results from eastern Dronning Maud Land. In contrast to studies in eastern Dronning Maud Land, however, our data show clear indications of a thicker-than-present ice sheet within the last glacial cycle, with a thinning of similar to 35-120 m during the Holocene (similar to 2-11 ka). Difficulties in separating suitable amounts of quartz from the often quartz-poor rock-types in the area, and cosmogenic nuclides inherited from exposure prior to the last deglaciation, prevented robust thinning estimates from elevational profiles. Nevertheless, the results clearly demonstrate ice-surface fluctuations of several hundred meters between the current grounding line and the edge of the polar plateau for the last glacial cycle, a constraint that should be considered in future ice-sheet model simulations.

  • 7. Anderson, John B.
    et al.
    Conway, Howard
    Bart, Philip J.
    Witus, Alexandra E.
    Greenwood, Sarah L.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    McKay, Robert M.
    Hall, Brenda L.
    Ackert, Robert P.
    Licht, Kathy
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Stone, John O.
    Ross Sea paleo-ice sheet drainage and deglacial history during and since the LGM2014In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 100, p. 31-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Onshore and offshore studies show that an expanded, grounded ice sheet occupied the Ross Sea Embayment during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results from studies of till provenance and the orientation of geomorphic features on the continental shelf show that more than half of the grounded ice sheet consisted of East Antarctic ice flowing through Transantarctic Mountain (TAM) outlet glaciers; the remainder came from West Antarctica. Terrestrial data indicate little or no thickening in the upper catchment regions in both West and East Antarctica during the LGM. In contrast, evidence from the mouths of the southern and central TAM outlet glaciers indicate surface elevations between 1000 m and 1100 m (above present-day sea level). Farther north along the western margin of the Ross Ice Sheet, surface elevations reached 720 m on Ross Island, and 400 m at Terra Nova Bay. Evidence from Marie Byrd Land at the eastern margin of the ice sheet indicates that the elevation near the present-day grounding line was more than 800 m asl, while at Siple Dome in the central Ross Embayment, the surface elevation was about 950 m asl. Farther north, evidence that the ice sheet was grounded on the middle and the outer continental shelf during the LGM implies that surface elevations had to be at least 100 m above the LGM sea level. The apparent low surface profile and implied low basal shear stress in the central and eastern embayment suggests that although the ice streams may have slowed during the LGM, they remained active. Ice-sheet retreat from the western Ross Embayment during the Holocene is constrained by marine and terrestrial data. Ages from marine sediments suggest that the grounding line had retreated from its LGM outer shelf location only a few tens of kilometer to a location south of Coulman Island by similar to 13 ka BP. The ice sheet margin was located in the vicinity of the Drygalski Ice Tongue by similar to 11 ka BP, just north of Ross Island by similar to 7.8 ka BP, and near Hatherton Glacier by similar to 6.8 ka BP. Farther south, Be-10 exposure ages from glacial erratics on nunataks near the mouths of Reedy, Scott and Beardmore Glaciers indicate thinning during the mid to late Holocene, but the grounding line did not reach its present position until 2 to 3 ka BP. Marine dates, which are almost exclusively Acid Insoluble Organic (AIO) dates, are consistently older than those derived from terrestrial data. However, even these ages indicate that the ice sheet experienced significant retreat after similar to 13 ka BP. Geomorphic features indicate that during the final stages of ice sheet retreat ice flowing through the TAM remained grounded on the shallow western margin of Ross Sea. The timing of retreat from the central Ross Sea remains unresolved; the simplest reconstruction is to assume that the grounding line here started to retreat from the continental shelf more or less in step with the retreat from the western and eastern sectors. An alternative hypothesis, which relies on the validity of radiocarbon ages from marine sediments, is that grounded ice had retreated from the outer continental shelf prior to the LGM. More reliable ages from marine sediments in the central Ross Embayment are needed to test and validate this hypothesis.

  • 8. Bentley, Michael J.
    et al.
    Cofaigh, Colm O.
    Anderson, John B.
    Conway, Howard
    Davies, Bethan
    Graham, Alastair G. C.
    Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter
    Hodgson, Dominic A.
    Jamieson, Stewart S. R.
    Larter, Robert D.
    Mackintosh, Andrew
    Smith, James A.
    Verleyen, Elie
    Ackert, Robert P.
    Bart, Philip J.
    Berg, Sonja
    Brunstein, Daniel
    Canals, Miguel
    Colhoun, Eric A.
    Crosta, Xavier
    Dickens, William A.
    Domack, Eugene
    Dowdeswell, Julian A.
    Dunbar, Robert
    Ehrmann, Werner
    Evans, Jeffrey
    Favier, Vincent
    Fink, David
    Fogwill, Christopher J.
    Glasser, Neil F.
    Gohl, Karsten
    Golledge, Nicholas R.
    Goodwin, Ian
    Gore, Damian B.
    Greenwood, Sarah L.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Hall, Brenda L.
    Hall, Kevin
    Hedding, David W.
    Hein, Andrew S.
    Hocking, Emma P.
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Johnson, Joanne S.
    Jomelli, Vincent
    Jones, R. Selwyn
    Klages, Johann P.
    Kristoffersen, Yngve
    Kuhn, Gerhard
    Leventer, Amy
    Licht, Kathy
    Lilly, Katherine
    Lindow, Julia
    Livingstone, Stephen J.
    Masse, Guillaume
    McGlone, Matt S.
    McKay, Robert M.
    Melles, Martin
    Miura, Hideki
    Mulvaney, Robert
    Nel, Werner
    Nitsche, Frank O.
    O'Brien, Philip E.
    Post, Alexandra L.
    Roberts, Stephen J.
    Saunders, Krystyna M.
    Selkirk, Patricia M.
    Simms, Alexander R.
    Spiegel, Cornelia
    Stolldorf, Travis D.
    Sugden, David E.
    van der Putten, Nathalie
    van Ommen, Tas
    Verfaillie, Deborah
    Vyverman, Wim
    Wagner, Bernd
    White, Duanne A.
    Witus, Alexandra E.
    Zwartz, Dan
    A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum2014In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 100, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse la. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community.

  • 9. Björkman, L.
    et al.
    Feurdean, A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology (INK).
    Cinthio, K.
    Wohlfarth, B.
    Possnert, G.
    Lateglacial and early Holocene vegetation development in the Gutaiului Mountains, NW Romania2002In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 21, no 8-9, p. 1039-1059Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Blomdin, Robin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Purdue University, USA.
    Stroeven, Arjen P.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Harbor, Jonathan M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Purdue University, USA.
    Lifton, N. A.
    Heyman, J.
    Gribenski, Natacha
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Petrakov, D. A.
    Caffee, M. W.
    Ivanov, M. N.
    Hättestrand, Clas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Rogozhina, I.
    Usubaliev, R.
    Evaluating the timing of former glacier expansions in the Tian Shan: A key step towards robust spatial correlations2016In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 153, p. 78-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The timing of past glaciation across the Tian Shan provides a proxy for past climate change in this critical area. Correlating glacial stages across the region is difficult but cosmogenic exposure ages have considerable potential. A drawback is the large observed scatter in Be-10 surface exposure data. To quantify the robustness of the dating, we compile, recalculate, and perform statistical analyses on sets of 10Be surface exposure ages from 25 moraines, consisting of 114 new and previously published ages. We assess boulder age scatter by dividing boulder groups into quality classes and rejecting boulder groups of poor quality. This allows us to distinguish and correlate robustly dated glacier limits, resulting in a more conservative chronology than advanced in previous publications. Our analysis shows that only one regional glacial stage can be reliably correlated across the Tian Shan, with glacier expansions occurring between 15 and 281 a during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 2. However, there are examples of older more extensive indicators of glacial stages between MIS 3 and MIS 6. Paleoglacier extent during MIS 2 was mainly restricted to valley glaciation. Local deviations occur: in the central Kyrgyz Tian Shan paleoglaciers were more extensive and we propose that the topographic context explains this pattern. Correlation between glacial stages prior to late MIS 2 is less reliable, because of the low number of samples and/or the poor resolution of the dating. With the current resolution and spatial coverage of robustly-dated glacier limits we advise that paleoclimatic implications for the Tian Shan glacial chronology beyond MIS 2 are speculative and that continued work toward robust glacial chronologies is needed to resolve questions regarding drivers of past glaciation in the Tian Shan and Central Asia.

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  • 11. Buylaert, J. -P
    et al.
    Murray, A. S.
    Gebhardt, A. C.
    Sohbati, R.
    Ohlendorf, C.
    Thiel, C.
    Wastegård, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Zolitschka, B.
    Luminescence dating of the PASADO core 5022-1D from Laguna Potrok Aike (Argentina) using IRSL signals from feldspar2013In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 71, p. 70-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have measured and tested a luminescence chronology for the PASADO core 5022-1D from the maar lake of Laguna Potrok Aike. Because of unsuitable quartz OSL characteristics, sand-sized K-feldspar extracts were chosen as a dosimeter and the dose was measured using a post-IR IRSL (pIRIR(290)) measurement protocol. Using this approach we were able to access a stable signal and thus avoid the ubiquitous problem of feldspar signal instability. Extensive laboratory tests show that the chosen pIRIR(290) protocol is applicable to these samples. We also developed a new criterion based on known relative bleaching rates of the conventional IRSL signal (IR50) and the pIRIR(290) signal and the relationship between resulting equivalent doses; this is used to identify and reject poorly bleached samples. Eighteen samples out of 47 were rejected based on this criterion, without reference to absolute doses or stratigraphy; the resulting age-depth profile is self-consistent, increases smoothly with depth and is in agreement with independent age control based on volcanic ash layers (Reclus, Mt Burney and Hudson tephras) at the top and middle of the core. Our new luminescence chronology suggests that the 5022-1D core reaches back to similar to 65 ka at similar to 96 m below lake floor.

  • 12. Capraro, L.
    et al.
    Massari, F.
    Rio, D.
    Fornaciari, E.
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Channell, J. E. T.
    Macri, P.
    Prosser, G.
    Speranza, F.
    Chronology of the Lower-Middle Pleistocene succession of the south-western part of the Crotone Basin (Calabria, Southern Italy)2011In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 30, no 9-10, p. 1185-1200Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Biostratigraphy based on calcareous nannofossils, integrated by magnetostratigraphic, geochronological and isotopic data, allowed establishing a precise chronological framework for the Pleistocene succession within the south-western sector of the Crotone Basin (Calabria, Southern Italy), where the Pliocene-Pleistocene global stratotype section and point is defined, thus demonstrating that sedimentation was quasi-continuous during most of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. At a large scale, the Pleistocene succession in this sector of the Crotone Basin is characterized by an evident shallowing-upwards trend, showing facies changes from bathyal to shelfal to littoral/continental. However, comparison between adjacent sectors within the investigated area demonstrates that stratigraphic architectures change vastly on very short distances. Our chronological constraints indicate that such changes in sedimentation styles probably occurred in response to differential subsidence rates, which originated tectonically-controlled synsedimentary structures where accommodation space and sediment yield were allotted unevenly. This articulated physiography led to striking differences in the overall thicknesses and organization of Pleistocene stratigraphies and, eventually, to a distinct diachroneity in the first appearance of shallow-marine deposits. In addition, superimposed are complex interplays between regional and local tectonics, eustasy and orbitally-forced climate changes. These interactions have been highlighted by the oxygen isotope stratigraphy established for a part of the studied succession, which is likely to document almost continuously the interval from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 26 to MIS 17. In its younger part (post-MIS 17), chronological ties are poor, as the succession is dominated by shallow-water to continental deposits showing a prominent organization into cyclothems. Nevertheless, based on the chronology of the underlying units, it is feasible that basin infill ended during MIS 15-MIS 14 times.

  • 13. Chauhan, T.
    et al.
    Rasmussen, T. L.
    Noormets, R.
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Hogan, K. A.
    Glacial history and paleoceanography of the southern Yermak Plateausince 132 ka BP2014In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 92, p. 155-169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The southern Yermak Plateau (YP) is situated at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean in the narrow MarginalIce Zone (MIZ) between the Polar and Arctic Fronts, north-west of Svalbard. A gravity core JM10-02GChas been analysed in order to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and the movement of the seaice margin as well as the glacier ice conditions of the SvalbardeBarents Sea Ice Sheet (SBIS) during theLast InterglacialeGlacial cycle. The distribution of planktic and benthic foraminifera, planktic and benthicoxygen and carbon isotopes and variations in ice-rafted debris (IRD) has been investigated. The sedimentcore covers the time interval from the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6/5e transition (Termination II, c.132 ka BP) to the early Holocene. During Termination II (TII), the SBIS retreated and the sea ice marginwas in distal position whereas during MIS 5 to MIS 4 the sea ice margin was close to the core site. Severalcore intervals interpreted as representing MIS 5e, MIS 5c, MIS 5a, MIS 3 and MIS 1 were barren ofcalcareous microfossils whereas the intervals representing MIS 4 and MIS 2 were characterised by highproductivity (HP) of planktic and benthic foraminifera. These “glacial” HP zones were associated with theopen water conditions resulting from the advection of Atlantic Water (AW) and retreat of the sea icemargin. The barren zones during MIS 5, MIS 3 and MIS 1 resulted from the proximity of the sea icemargin whereas during MIS 2 the likely cause was an advance of the SBIS.

  • 14.
    Chawchai, Sakonvan
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
    Chabangborn, Akkaneewut
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
    Fritz, Sherilyn
    Valiranta, Minna
    Mörth, Carl-Magnus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Blaauw, Maarten
    Reimer, Paula J.
    Krusic, Paul J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Lowemark, Ludvig
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Hydroclimatic shifts in northeast Thailand during the last two millennia - the record of Lake Pa Kho2015In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 111, p. 62-71Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Southeast Asian mainland is located in the central path of the Asian summer monsoon, a region where paleoclimatic data are still sparse. Here we present a multi-proxy (TOC, C/N, delta C-13, biogenic silica, and XRF elemental data) study of a 1.5 m sediment/peat sequence from Lake Pa Kho, northeast Thailand, which is supported by 20 AMS C-14 ages. Hydroclimatic reconstructions for Pa Kho suggest a strengthened summer monsoon between BC 170-AD 370, AD 800-960, and after AD 1450; and a weakening of the summer monsoon between AD 370-800, and AD 1300-1450. Increased run-off and a higher nutrient supply after AD 1700 can be linked to agricultural intensification and land-use changes in the region. This study fills an important gap in data coverage with respect to summer monsoon variability over Southeast Asia during the past 2000 years and enables the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to be inferred based on comparisons with other regional studies. Intervals of strengthened/weaker summer monsoon rainfall suggest that the mean position of the ITCZ was located as far north as 35 degrees N between BC 170-AD 370 and AD 800-960, whereas it likely did not reach above 17 degrees N during the drought intervals of AD 370-800 and AD 1300-1450. The spatial pattern of rainfall variation seems to have changed after AD 1450, when the inferred moisture history for Pa Kho indicates a more southerly location of the mean position of the summer ITCZ.

  • 15.
    Chawchai, Sakonvan
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Chabangborn, Akkaneewut Nut
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Kylander, Malin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Loewemark, L.
    Mörth, Carl-Magnus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Blaauw, M.
    Klubseang, W.
    Reimer, P. J.
    Fritz, S. C.
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Lake Kumphawapi - an archive of Holocene palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes in northeast Thailand2013In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 68, p. 59-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The long-term climatic and environmental history of Southeast Asia, and of Thailand in particular, is still fragmentary. Here we present a new C-14-dated, multi-proxy sediment record (TOC, C/N, CNS isotopes, Si, Zr, K, Ti, Rb, Ca elemental data, biogenic silica) for Lake Kumphawapi, the second largest natural lake in northeast Thailand. The data set provides a reconstruction of changes in lake status, groundwater fluctuations, and catchment run-off during the Holocene. A comparison of multiple sediment sequences and their proxies suggests that the summer monsoon was stronger between c. 9800 and 7000 cal yr BP. Lake status and water level changes around 7000 cal yr BP signify a shift to lower effective moisture. By c. 6500 cal yr BP parts of the lake had been transformed into a peatland, while areas of shallow water still occupied the deeper part of the basin until c. 5400-5200 cal yr BP. The driest interval in Kumphawapi's history occurred between c. 5200 and 3200 cal yr BP, when peat extended over large parts of the basin. After 3200 cal yr BP, the deepest part of the lake again turned into a wetland, which existed until c. 1600 cal yr BP. The observed lake-level rise after 1600 cal yr BP could have been caused by higher moisture availability, although increased human influence in the catchment cannot be ruled out. The present study highlights the use of multiple sediment sequences and proxies to study large lakes, such as Lake Kumphawapi in order to correctly assess the time transgressive response to past changes in hydroclimate conditions. Our new data set from northeast Thailand adds important palaeoclimatic information for a region in Southeast Asia and allows discussing Holocene monsoon variability and ITCZ movement in greater detail.

  • 16. Chawchai, Sakonvan
    et al.
    Tan, Liangcheng
    Löwemark, Ludvig
    Wang, Hao-Cheng
    Yu, Tsai-Luen
    Chung, Yun-Chuan
    Mii, Horng-Sheng
    Liu, Guangxin
    Blaauw, Maarten
    Gong, Shou-Yeh
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Shen, Chuan-Chou
    Hydroclimate variability of central Indo-Pacific region during the Holocene2021In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 253, article id 106779Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we present a decadal-resolved hydroclimate record covering the past 11 thousand years based on δ18O data of three stalagmites from Klang Cave (TK) on the Thai-Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand. The δ18O values indicate wetter conditions/more rainfall during the early Holocene from 11 to 7 thousand years before present (kyr BP). A large increase of 2‰ in δ18O is observed from 7.0 to 6.0 kyr BP, indicating a millennial drying period followed by drought conditions between 6.0 and 5.2 kyr BP. After a long hiatus (5.2–2.7 kyr BP), δ18O data show a millennium-long trend toward dry conditions. An abrupt positive change of 0.8–1.0‰ in δ18O is noticed between 8.29 and 8.17 kyr BP, reflecting the 8.2-ka event; however, the amplitude of the δ18O shift is much smaller comparing to that of the event of 6.0–5.2 kyr BP. On orbital time-scales, the TK record agrees with insolation-dominated speleothem records in the Asian-Australian monsoon realm. Noticeable inconsistencies among records in the Southeast Asia region (between 8°N and 4°N–8°S) have been documented on multi-centennial scales. Lower δ18O values are likely associated with the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A new reconstruction of Holocene ITCZ shifts index within the central Indo-Pacific region, based on stalagmite δ18O records from Klang Cave (8°N) and Liang Luar Cave (8°S), shows that the ITCZ played an important role in hydroclimate variability in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions. The southward shift of the ITCZ in the central Indo-Pacific region, controlled by the interhemispheric extratropical insolation gradient, may strongly correlate with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities in the Holocene.

  • 17.
    Chen, Jie
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Lanzhou University, China.
    Zhang, Qiong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Huang, Wei
    Lu, Zhengyao
    Zhang, Zhiping
    Chen, Fahu
    Northwestward shift of the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon during the mid-Holocene caused by orbital forcing and vegetation feedbacks2021In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 268, article id 107136Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) northern boundary is a critical indicator of EASM variations. Movement of the boundary is modulated by both the EASM and the mid-latitude westerlies. Here, we use the Earth system model EC-Earth to quantify the contribution of orbital forcing and vegetation feedbacks in modulating the movement of EASM northern boundary. The results show that the simulated EASM northern boundary during the mid-Holocene shifts by a maximum of similar to 213 km northwestward due to orbital forcing. When the model was coupled with a dynamic vegetation module LPJ-GUESS, the northern boundary shifts further northwestward by a maximum of similar to 90 km, indicating the importance of vegetation feedbacks. During the mid-Holocene, temperature increased in the mid-latitude during the boreal summer due to insolation, leading to increased meridional air temperature differences (MTDs) over the region north of 45 degrees N and to decreased MTDs to the south. The changes in the temperature gradient weakened the East Asian Westly Jet (EAWJ) and displaced it northward, resulting in an earlier transition of the Meiyu stage and a more prolonged Midsummer stage. The northward movement of EAWJ, combined with the enhanced southerly moisture flow from South China, caused more precipitation in North China and eventually to a northwestward shift of the northern boundary of the EASM. The coupled dynamic vegetation module LPJ-GUESS simulated more grassland and less forest over Northeast Asia during the mid-Holocene. The increased surface albedo tended to lower the temperature in the region, and further enhanced the MTDs in mid-latitude East Asia, leading to the further northward movement of the EAWJ and a northwestward shift of the EASM northern boundary. Although the simulated vegetation distribution in several regions may be not accurate, it reflects the substantial contribution of climate-vegetation interaction on modulating the EASM.

  • 18. Clark, Chris D.
    et al.
    Hughes, Anna L. C.
    Greenwood, Sarah L.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Jordan, Colm
    Sejrup, Hans Petter
    Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British Irish ice sheet2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 44, p. 112-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last glacial the ice sheet that subsumed most of Britain, Ireland and the North Sea attained its maximum extent by 27 ka BP and with an ice volume sufficient to raise global sea level by ca 2.5 m when it melted. We reconstruct the demise of this British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) and present palaeo-glaciological maps of retreat stages between 27 and 15 ka BR The whole land area was investigated using remote sensing data and we present maps of moraines, meltwater channels, eskers, and drumlins and a methodology of how to interpret and bring them together. For the continental shelf, numerous large moraines were discovered recording an extensive pattern of retreat stretching from SW Ireland to the Shetland Isles. From an integration of this new mapping of glacial geomorphology (>26,000 landforms) with previously published evidence, compiled in the BRITICE database, we derive a pattern of retreat for the whole BIIS. We review and compile relevant dates (881 examples) that constrain the timing of retreat. All data are held within a Geographic Information System (GIS), and are deciphered to produce a best-estimate of the combined pattern and timing of retreat. Pattern information reveals an ice sheet mainly comprised of a shelf-parallel configuration from SW Ireland to NE Scotland but it spread far enough to the south to incorporate outlying ice domes over Wales, the Lake District and Kerry. Final disintegration was into a number of separate ice caps, rather than reduction as a single mass, and paradoxically, retreat was not always back to high ground. By 23 ka BP ice withdrew along its northern boundaries at the same time as the southern margins were expanding, including transient ice streaming down the Irish Sea and advances of lobes in the Cheshire Basin, Vale of York and east coast of England. Ice divides migrated south. By 19 ka the ice sheet was in crisis with widespread marine-based ice losses, particularly in the northern North Sea and the Irish Sea. Considerable dynamic-thinning occurred during this phase. Final collapse of all marine sectors occurred by 17 ka BP and with most margins beginning to back-step onshore. Disintegration of the North Sea 'ice bridge' between Britain and Norway remains loosely constrained in time but the possibility of catastrophic collapse of this sector is highlighted. The North Channel and Irish Sea ice streams had finally cleaved the ice sheet into separate Irish and Scottish ice sheets by 16 ka BP. Rates of ice loss were found to vary widely over space and time (e.g., 65-260 km(3) per year). The role of ice streams and calving losses of marine-based sectors are examined. Retreat rates of up to ca 150 ma(-1) were found for some ice stream margins. That large parts (2/3) of the BIIS were marine-based, drained by ice streams, and possibly with fringing ice shelves in places, makes it a useful analogue for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). This is especially so because the BIIS deglaciated in response to rising temperatures and a rising sea level (driven by melting of other ice masses) which are the current forcings that might cause collapse of the WAIS. Our reconstruction, when viewed from the opposite perspective, documents when fresh land became exposed for exploitation by plants, animals and Man, and records for how long such land has been available for soil and geochemical development and ecological succession.

  • 19. Cohen, T. J.
    et al.
    Nanson, G. C.
    Jansen, John D.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Gliganic, L. A.
    May, J. -H.
    Larsen, J. R.
    Goodwin, I. D.
    Browning, S.
    Price, D. M.
    A pluvial episode identified in arid Australia during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 56, p. 167-171Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from a relict shoreline on Lake Callabonna record a major pluvial episode in southern central Australia between 1050  70 and 1100  60 Common Era (CE), within the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA). During this pluvial interval Lake Callabonna filled to 10e12 times the volume of the largest historical filling (1974) and reached maximum depths of 4e5 m, compared to the 0.5e1.0 m achieved today. Until now there has been no direct evidence for the MCA in the arid interior of Australia. A multi-proxy, analogue-based atmospheric circulation reconstruction indicates that the pluvial episode was associated with an anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation pattern over the Southern extratropics, with high sea-level pressure ridges in the central Indian Ocean and Tasman Sea, and a trough extending from the Southern Ocean into central Australia. A major decline in the mobility of the Australian aboriginal hunter-gatherer coincides with this MCA period, in southern central Australia.

  • 20. Colleoni, Florence
    et al.
    Kirchner, Nina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Niessen, Frank
    Quiquet, Aurelien
    Liakka, Johan
    An East Siberian ice shelf during the Late Pleistocene glaciations: Numerical reconstructions2016In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 147, no SI, p. 148-163Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recent data campaign in the East Siberian Sea has revealed evidence of grounded and floating ice dynamics in regions of up to 1000 m water depth, and which are attributed to glaciations older than the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kyrs BP). The main hypothesis based on this evidence is that a small ice cap developed over Beringia and expanded over the East Siberian continental margin during some of the Late Pleistocene glaciations. Other similar evidence of ice dynamics that have been previously collected on the shallow continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean have been attributed to the penultimate glaciation, i.e. Marine Isotopes Stage 6 (approximate to 140 kyrs BP). We use an ice sheet model, forced by two previously simulated MIS 6 glacial maximum climates, to carry out a series of sensitivity experiments testing the impact of dynamics and mass-balance related parameters on the geometry of the East Siberian ice cap and ice shelf. Results show that the ice cap developing over Beringia connects to the Eurasian ice sheet in all simulations and that its volume ranges between 6 and 14 m SLE, depending on the climate forcing. This ice cap generates an ice shelf of dimensions comparable with or larger than the present-day Ross ice shelf in West Antarctica. Although the ice shelf extent strongly depends on the ice flux through the grounding line, it is particularly sensitive to the choice of the calving and basal melting parameters. Finally, inhibiting a merging of the Beringia ice cap with the Eurasian ice sheet affects the expansion of the ice shelf only in the simulations where the ice cap fluxes are not large enough to compensate for the fluxes coming from the Eurasian ice sheet.

  • 21.
    Colleoni, Florence
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences. Joseph Fourier University, France.
    Krinner, G.
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    The role of an Arctic ice shelf in the climate of the last glacial maximum of MIS 6 (140 ka)2010In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 29, no 25-26, p. 3590-3597Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decade, Arctic icebreaker and nuclear submarine expeditions have revealed large-scale Pleistocene glacial erosion on the Lomonosov Ridge, Chukchi Borderland and along the Northern Alaskan margin indicating that the glacial Arctic Ocean hosted large Antarctic-style ice shelves. Dating of sediment cores indicates that the most extensive and deepest ice grounding occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. The precise extents of Pleistocene ice shelves in the Arctic Ocean are unknown but seem comparable to present existing Antarctic ice shelves. How would an Antarctic-style ice shelf in the MIS 6 Arctic Ocean influence the Northern Hemisphere climate? Could it have impacted on the surface mass balance (SMB) of the MIS 6 Eurasian ice sheet and contributed to its large southward extent? We use an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) to investigate the climatic impacts of both a limited MIS 6 ice shelf covering portions of the Canada Basin and a fully ice shelf covered Arctic Ocean. The AGCM results show that both ice shelves cause a temperature cooling of about 3 °C over the Arctic Ocean mainly due to the combined effect of ice elevation and isolation from the underlying ocean heat fluxes stopping the snow cover from melting during summer. The calculated SMB of the ice shelves are positive. The ice front horizontal velocity of the Canada Basin ice shelf is estimated to ≈ 1 km yr−1 which is comparable to the recent measurements of the Ross ice shelf, Antarctica. The existence of a large continuous ice shelf covering the entire Arctic Ocean would imply a mean annual velocity of icebergs of ≈12 km yr−1 through the Fram Strait. Our modeling results show that both ice shelf configurations could be viable under the MIS 6 climatic conditions. However, the cooling caused by these ice shelves only affects the Arctic margins of the continental ice sheets and is not strong enough to significantly influence the surface mass balance of the entire MIS 6 Eurasian ice sheet.

  • 22. Croke, Jacky
    et al.
    Jansen, John D.
    School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales @ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia.
    Amos, Kathryn
    Pietsch, Timothy J.
    A 100 ka record of fluvial activity in the Fitzroy River Basin, tropical northeastern Australia2011In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 30, no 13-14, p. 1681-1695Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study reports the nature and timing of Quaternary fluvial activity in the Fitzroy River basin, which drains a diverse 143,000 km(2) area in northeastern Queensland, before discharging into the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The catchment consists of an extensive array of channel and floodplain types that we show have undergone large-scale fluvial adjustment in-channel planform, geometry and sinuosity. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz sediments from fifteen (3-18 m) floodplain cores throughout the basin indicates several discrete phases of active bedload activity: at similar to 105-85 ka in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, at similar to 50-40 ka (MIS 3), and at similar to 30-10 ka (MIS 3/2). The overall timing of late Quaternary fluvial activity correlates well with previous accounts from across Australia with rivers being primarily active during interstadials. Fluvial activity, however, does not appear to have been synchronous throughout the basin's major sub-catchments. Fluvial activity throughout MIS 2 (i.e. across the Last Glacial Maximum) in the meandering channels of the Fitzroy correlates well with regional data in tropical northeastern Queensland, and casts new light on the river response to reduced rainfall and vegetation cover suggested by regional palaeoclimate indicators. Moreover, the absence of a strong Holocene signal is at odds with previous accounts from elsewhere throughout Australia. The latitudinal position of the Fitzroy across the Tropic of Capricorn places this catchment at a key location for elucidating the main hydrological drivers of Quaternary fluvial activity in northeastern Australia, and especially for determining tropical moisture sources feeding into the headwaters of Cooper Creek, a major river system of the continental interior.

  • 23. Cronin, T. M.
    et al.
    Gemery, L.
    Briggs, W. M.
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Polyak, L.
    Brouwers, E. M.
    Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy2010In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 29, no 25-26, p. 3415-3429Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late Quaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results suggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (25–45 ka), minimal sea ice during the last deglacial (16–11 ka) and early Holocene thermal maximum (11–5 ka) and increasing sea ice during the mid-to-late Holocene (5–0 ka). Sediment core records from the Iceland and Rockall Plateaus show that perennial sea ice existed in these regions only during glacial intervals MIS 2, 4, and 6. These results show that sea ice exhibits complex temporal and spatial variability during different climatic regimes and that the development of modern perennial sea ice may be a relatively recent phenomenon.

  • 24. Davies, Siwan M.
    et al.
    Abbott, Peter M.
    Pearce, Nicholas J. G.
    Wastegård, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Blockley, Simon P. E.
    Integrating the INTIMATE records using tephrochronology: rising to the challenge2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 36, p. 11-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Little has challenged our understanding of climate change more so than the abruptness with which large-scale shifts in temperature occurred during the Late Quaternary. The causal mechanisms driving these rapid changes are poorly understood, largely due to the inherent difficulties of integrating palaeoclimate records which represents the key focus of the INTIMATEI project. Tephrochronology has become central to the synchronisation goals of INTIMATE, the overall aim of which is to test the degree of climatic synchroneity in relation to these rapid climatic events. Here we present a European framework of 12 volcanic events that hold considerable promise for achieving the INTIMATE goals and effecting precise correlation of widespread palaeoarchives. These tephras are widespread and fall stratigraphically in close association to rapid climatic changes. We believe that these represent the most valuable tephras for the European INTIMATE project, but also highlight those that require urgent investigation to refine their geochemical signatures, eruptive context and chronological and stratigraphical uncertainties. For instance, new data are presented for the Saksunarvatn Ash that question the sole reliance on major-element analysis for tephra characterisation and highlights some of the challenges that remain for tephra studies. Accordingly, we outline a number of key recommendations relating to geochemical characterisation, data comparison, assessing the depositional integrity of tephra horizons as well as methods for improving age estimates - all of which will optimise the application of tephrochronology to meet the INTIMATE goals.

  • 25.
    Dehasque, Marianne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology. Centre for Palaeogenetics, Sweden; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden.
    Pečnerová, Patrícia
    Muller, Héloïse
    Tikhonov, Alexei
    Nikolskiy, Pavel
    Tsigankova, Valeriya
    Danilov, Gleb K.
    Díez-del-Molino, David
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology. Centre for Palaeogenetics, Sweden; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden.
    Vartanyan, Sergey
    Dalén, Love
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology. Centre for Palaeogenetics, Sweden; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden.
    Lister, Adrian M.
    Combining Bayesian age models and genetics to investigate population dynamics and extinction of the last mammoths in northern Siberia2021In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 259, article id 106913Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To understand the causes and implications of an extinction event, detailed information is necessary. However, this can be challenging when working with poorly resolved paleontological data sets. One approach to increase the data resolution is by combining different methods. In this study, we used both radiocarbon and genetic data to reconstruct the population history and extinction dynamics of the woolly mammoth in northern Siberia. We generated 88 new radiocarbon dates and combined these with previously published dates from 626 specimens to construct Bayesian age models. These models show that mammoths disappeared on the eastern Siberian mainland before the onset of the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.7 ky cal BP). Mammoths did however persist in the northernmost parts of central and western Siberia until the early Holocene. Further genetic results of 131 high quality mitogenomes, including 22 new mitogenomes generated in this study, support the hypothesis that mammoths from, or closely related to, a central and/or west- Siberian population recolonized Wrangel Island over the now submerged northern Siberian plains. As mammoths became trapped on the island due to rising sea levels, they lived another ca. 6000 years on Wrangel Island before eventually going extinct ca. 4000 years ago.

  • 26. Delmonte, B.
    et al.
    Andersson, P. S.
    Schoeberg, H.
    Hansson, M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Petit, J. R.
    Delmas, R.
    Gaiero, D. M.
    Maggi, V.
    Frezzotti, M.
    Geographic provenance of aeolian dust in East Antarctica during Pleistocene glaciations: preliminary results from Talos Dome and comparison with East Antarctic and new Andean ice core data2010In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 29, no 02-jan, p. 256-264Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The strontium and neodymium isotopic signature of aeolian mineral particles archived in polar ice cores provides constraints on the geographic provenance of dust and paleo-atmospheric circulation patterns. Data from different ice cores drilled in the centre of the East Antarctic plateau such as EPICA-Dome C (EDC, 75 degrees 06'S: 123 degrees 21'E) and Vostok (78 degrees 28'S, 106 degrees 48'E) suggested a uniform geographic provenance for dust during Pleistocene glacial ages, likely from southern South America (SSA). In this work the existing dust isotopic data from EDC have been integrated with new data from Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 14 (about 536 ka before 1950AD) and in parallel some first results are shown for the new TALDICE ice core which was drilled on the edge of the East Antarctic Plateau (Talos Dome, 72 degrees 48'S, 159 degrees 06'E) on the opposite side with respect to SSA. Interestingly, the isotopic composition of TALDICE glacial dust is remarkably similar to that obtained from glacial dust from sites located in the East Antarctic interior. Overall, the glacial dust isotopic field obtained from six East Antarctic ice cores matches well South American data obtained from target areas. In this respect, it was recently suggested that dust exported long-range from South America originates from Patagonia and from the Puna-Altiplano plateau. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the isotopic composition of dust from an ice core drilled on the Illimani glacier (Bolivia, 16 degrees 37'S, 67 degrees 46'W; 6350 m a.s.l.) in order to obtain information on the isotopic composition of regional mineral aerosol uplifted from the Altiplano area and likely transported over a long distance. Altogether, ice core and source data strongly suggest that the westerly circulation pattern allowed efficient transfer of dust from South America to the East Antarctic plateau under cold Quaternary climates. Isotopic data support the hypothesis of a possible mixing of dust from Patagonia and from the Puna-Altiplano plateau. Interestingly, high glacial dust inputs to Antarctica are characterized by less radiogenic Nd values, an issue suggesting that enhanced dust production in Patagonia was associated with the activation of a secondary source. Still, Patagonia was the most important supplier for dust to central East Antarctica during Quaternary glaciations.

  • 27. Dominguez-Rodrigo, M.
    et al.
    Uribelarrea, D.
    Diez-Martin, F.
    Mabulla, A.
    Gidna, A.
    Cobo-Sanchez, L.
    Martin-Perea, D. M.
    Organista, Elia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory.
    Barba, R.
    Baquedano, E.
    Earliest Acheulian paleolandscape reveals a 1.7 million-year-old megasite at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)2023In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 316, article id 108262Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    FLK West (Bed II, Olduvai Gorge) contains the oldest association of Acheulian stone tools and exploitation of fauna (including megafauna) by hominins in the Pleistocene. Recently, the FLK West paleolandscape has been intensively studied, unveiling a spatial association between archaeological materials and hydrothermal resources. A new type of landscape use by hominins has also been documented around the area where the penecontemporaneous FLK West and HWK site complex were formed, resulting in an array of habitats spanning thousands of square meters covered with large amounts of lithic artefacts. Here, we show how the intensive use of certain environments by hominins resulted in these megasites, in which hominins engaged in a variety of activities, complementary to those performed at discrete archaeological clusters like FLK West. Despite using these habitats redundantly as quarries, hominins performed extensive core reduction of several types of raw materials indicating a dexterity and careful planning undocumented in earlier periods. Here, we also show how palaeoecological reconstructions must be based on fine-scale geological analyses, given the palimpsestic nature of both geological and anthropogenic processes. The research reported here also uncovered an additional unknown source of metamorphic rocks for hominins at Olduvai, which questions a large part of previous modeling based on hominin provisioning exclusively at Naibor Soit. We also show that the manufacture of handaxes was slightly older than documented at FLK West and that they occur in isolation on the landscape in addition to being clustered at sites. This implies that at the beginning of the Acheulian, hominins were not only using and discarding handaxes at specific loci, but they also transported these tools for various activities across the landscape as part of their strategized adaptation to those environments. The occurrence of these intensively-used megasites hints at some territorial behaviors by early Acheulian hominins.

  • 28. Dowdeswell, J. A.
    et al.
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Hogan, K. A.
    O'Regan, Matt
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Evans, J.
    Hell, Benjamin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Löwemark, Ludvig
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Marcussen, C.
    Noormets, R.
    O'Cofaigh, C.
    Sellén, Emma
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Sölvsten, M.
    High-resolution geophysical observations of the Yermak Plateau and northern Svalbard margin: Implications for ice-sheet grounding and deep-keeled icebergs2010In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 29, no 25-26, p. 3518-3531Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High-resolution geophysical evidence on the seafloor morphology and acoustic stratigraphy of the Yermak Plateau and northern Svalbard margin between 79°20′ and 81°30′N and 5° and 22°E is presented. Geophysical datasets are derived from swath bathymetry and sub-bottom acoustic profiling and are combined with existing cores to derive chronological control. Seafloor landforms, in the form of ice-produced lineations, iceberg ploughmarks of various dimensions (including features over 80 m deep and down to about 1000 m), and a moat indicating strong currents are found. The shallow stratigraphy of the Yermak Plateau shows three acoustic units: the first with well-developed stratification produced by hemipelagic sedimentation, often draped over a strong and undulating internal reflector; a second with an undulating upper surface and little acoustic penetration, indicative of the action of ice; a third unit of an acoustically transparent facies, resulting from debris flows. Core chronology suggests a MIS 6 age for the undulating seafloor above about 580 m. There are several possible explanations, including: (a) the flow of a major grounded ice sheet across the plateau crest from Svalbard (least likely given the consolidation state of the underlying sediments); (b) the more transient encroachment of relatively thin ice from Svalbard; or (c) the drift across the plateau of an ice-shelf remnant or megaberg from the Arctic Basin. The latter is our favoured explanation given the evidence currently at our disposal.

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  • 29. Dulfer, Helen E.
    et al.
    Margold, Martin
    Darvill, Christopher M.
    Stroeven, Arjen P.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Reconstructing the advance and retreat dynamics of the central sector of the last Cordilleran Ice Sheet2022In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 284, article id 107465Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The advance of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) towards its Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) configuration and its subsequent retreat remain poorly understood. We use the glacial landform record to determine ice dynamics for the central sector of the CIS in northern British Columbia, Canada, beneath the LGM ice divide. We classify seventy ice-flow indicator flowsets based on morphology, elevation, orientation and cross-cutting relationships into one of three stages, whereby stage 1 is oldest and stage 3 youngest. Combined with ice-contact geomorphology, our reconstruction highlights complex changes in ice flow over time as a result of ice divide migrations through the LGM and deglacial phases. The orientation and distribution of landforms indicates active post-LGM ice retreat westward through the Cassiar and Omineca mountains. We map the regional distribution of independent mountain glaciers, ice caps, and ice fields that regrew during a cooling event in the Late Glacial and show that some of these readvance glaciers were subsequently overrun by advancing outlet glaciers of the CIS. We use the cross-cutting relationship between readvance glaciers and CIS outlet glaciers and available chronological data to reconstruct the eastern CIS margin during the Late Glacial for the first time.

  • 30. Dutton, Andrea
    et al.
    Webster, Jody M.
    Zwartz, Dan
    Lambeck, Kurt
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Tropical tales of polar ice: evidence of Last Interglacial polar ice sheet retreat recorded by fossil reefs of the granitic Seychelles islands2015In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 107, p. 182-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the search for a record of eustatic sea level change on glacial-interglacial timescales, the Seychelles ranks as one of the best places on the planet to study. Owing to its location with respect to the former margins of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets that wax and wane on orbital cycles, the local-or relative-sea level history is predicted to lie within a few meters of the globally averaged eustatic signal during the Last Interglacial period. We have surveyed and dated Last Interglacial fossil corals to ascertain peak sea level and hence infer maximum retreat of polar ice sheets during this time interval. We observe a pattern of gradually rising sea level in the Seychelles between similar to 129 and 125 thousand years ago (ka), with peak eustatic sea level attained after 125 ka at 7.6 +/- 1.7 m higher than present. After accounting for thermal expansion and loss of mountain glaciers, this sea-level budget would require similar to 5-8 m of polar ice sheet contribution, relative to today's volume, of which only similar to 2 m came from the Greenland ice sheet. This result clearly identifies the Antarctic ice sheet as a significant source of melt water, most likely derived from one of the unstable, marine-based sectors in the West and/or East Antarctic ice sheet. Furthermore, the establishment of a +5.9 +/- 1.7 m eustatic sea level position by 128.6 +/- 0.8 ka would require that partial AIS collapse was coincident with the onset of the sea level highstand.

  • 31. Edwards, Thomas W. D.
    et al.
    Hammarlund, Dan
    Newton, Brandi W.
    Sjolte, Jesper
    Linderson, Hans
    Sturm, Christophe
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Amour, Natalie A. St.
    Bailey, Joscelyn N. -L.
    Nilsson, Anders L.
    Seasonal variability in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age2017In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 165, p. 102-110Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we report new reconstructions of winter temperature and summer moisture during the past millennium in southeastern Sweden, based on stable-isotope data from a composite tree-ring sequence, that further enhances our knowledge and understanding of seasonal climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere over the past millennium. Key features of these new climate proxy records include evidence for distinctive fluctuations in winter temperature in SE Sweden, superimposed upon the general pattern of cooling between the so-called Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) of the early millennium and the Little Ice Age (LIA) of the late millennium, as well as evidence for sustained summer wetness during the MCA, followed by drier and less variable conditions during the LIA. We also explore these new records within a circumpolar spatial context by employing self-organizing map analysis of meteorological reanalysis data to identify potential modern analogues of mid-tropospheric synoptic circulation types in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics that can reconcile varying seasonal climate states during the MCA and LIA in SE Sweden with less variable conditions in southwestern Canada, as portrayed by paleoclimate records developed in the same manner in an earlier study.

  • 32. Esper, Jan
    et al.
    Krusic, Paul J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Navarino Environmental Observatory, Greece.
    Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of History.
    Luterbacher, Jürg
    Carrer, Marco
    Cook, Ed
    Davi, Nicole K.
    Hartl-Meier, Claudia
    Kirdyanov, Alexander
    Konter, Oliver
    Myglan, Vladimir
    Timonen, Mauri
    Treydte, Kerstin
    Trouet, Valerie
    Villalba, Ricardo
    Yang, Bao
    Büntgen, Ulf
    Ranking of tree-ring based temperature reconstructions of the past millennium2016In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 145, p. 134-151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tree-ring chronologies are widely used to reconstruct high-to low-frequency variations in growing season temperatures over centuries to millennia. The relevance of these timeseries in large-scale climate reconstructions is often determined by the strength of their correlation against instrumental temperature data. However, this single criterion ignores several important quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tree-ring chronologies. Those characteristics are (i) data homogeneity, (ii) sample replication, (iii) growth coherence, (iv) chronology development, and (v) climate signal including the correlation with instrumental data. Based on these 5 characteristics, a reconstruction-scoring scheme is proposed and applied to 39 published, millennial-length temperature reconstructions from Asia, Europe, North America, and the Southern Hemisphere. Results reveal no reconstruction scores highest in every category and each has their own strengths and weaknesses. Reconstructions that perform better overall include N-Scan and Finland from Europe, E-Canada from North America, Yamal and Dzhelo from Asia. Reconstructions performing less well include W-Himalaya and Karakorum from Asia, Tatra and S-Finland from Europe, and Great Basin from North America. By providing a comprehensive set of criteria to evaluate tree-ring chronologies we hope to improve the development of large-scale temperature reconstructions spanning the past millennium. All reconstructions and their corresponding scores are provided at www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb09climatology.

  • 33. Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E.
    et al.
    Cohen, Timothy J.
    Hesse, Paul P.
    Jansen, John
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Nanson, Gerald C.
    May, Jan-Hendrik
    Barrows, Timothy T.
    Haberlah, David
    Hilgers, Alexandra
    Kelly, Tegan
    Larsen, Joshua
    Lomax, Johanna
    Treble, Pauline
    Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental change in the Australian drylands2013In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 74, p. 78-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we synthesise existing palaeoenvironmental data from the arid and semi-arid interior of the Australian continent for the period 40-0 ka. Moisture is the predominant variable controlling environmental change in the arid zone. Landscapes in this region respond more noticeably to changes in precipitation than to temperature. Depending on their location, arid zone records broadly respond to tropical monsoon-influenced climate regimes, the temperate latitude westerly systems, or a combination of both. The timing and extent of relatively arid and humid phases vary across the continent, in particular between the westerly wind-controlled temperate latitudes, and the interior and north which are influenced by tropically sourced precipitation. Relatively humid phases in the Murray-Darling Basin on the semi-arid margins, which were characterised by large rivers most likely fed by snow melt, prevailed from 40 ka to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and from the deglacial to the mid Holocene. By contrast, the Lake Eyre basin in central Australia remained relatively dry throughout the last 40 ka, with lake high stands at lake Frome around 35-30 ka, and parts of the deglacial period and the mid-Holocene. The LGM was characterised by widespread relative aridity and colder conditions, as evidenced by extensive desert dune activity and dust transport, lake level fall, and reduced but episodic fluvial activity. The climate of the deglacial period was spatially divergent. The southern part of the continent experienced a brief humid phase around similar to 17-15 ka, followed by increased dune activity around similar to 14-10 ka. This contrasts with the post-LGM persistence of arid conditions in the north, associated with a lapsed monsoon and reflected in lake level lows and reduced fluvial activity, followed by intensification of the monsoon and increasingly effective precipitation from similar to 14 ka. Palaeoenvironmental change during the Holocene was also spatially variable. The early to mid-Holocene was, however, generally characterised by moderately humid conditions, demonstrated by lake level rise, source-bordering dune activity, and speleothem growth, persisting at different times across the continent. Increasingly arid conditions developed into the late Holocene, particularly in the central arid zone.

  • 34. Flink, Anne E.
    et al.
    Noormets, Riko
    Fransner, Oscar
    Hogan, Kelly A.
    O'Regan, Matthew
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Past ice flow in Wahlenbergfjorden and its implications for late Quaternary ice sheet dynamics in northeastern Svalbard2017In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 163, p. 162-179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wahlenbergfjorden is a fjord situated in the western part of Nordaustlandet in northern Svalbard. It leads into the 400 m deep Hinlopen Strait located between Nordaustlandet and Spitsbergen. High-resolution multibeam bathymetric and sub-bottom data, as well as sediment cores are used to study the past extent and dynamics of glaciers in Wahlenbergfjorden and western Nordaustlandet. The submarine landform assemblage in Wahlenbergfjorden consists of landforms characteristic of subglacial, ice marginal and proglacial conditions. Glacial lineations indicate that Wahlenbergfjorden was occupied by streaming ice during the LGM and most likely acted as an ice stream onset zone. Westward ice flow in the fjord merged with the ice stream in Hinlopen Strait. Absence of ice recessional landforms in outer Wahlenbergfjorden suggests relatively fast deglaciation, possibly by flotation of the glacier front in the deeper parts of the fjord. The inner part of Wahlenbergfjorden and Palanderbukta are characterized by De Geer moraines, indicating episodic retreat of a grounded glacier front. In Palanderbukta, longer still stands of the glacier terminus resulted in the formation of larger terminal moraine ridges. The inner part of Wahlenbergfjorden was deglaciated prior to 11.3 +/- 55 Cal. ka BP. The submarine landform assemblages in front of Bodleybreen, Etonbreen, Idunbreen, Frazerbreen and Aldousbreen confirm that these glaciers have surged at least once during the Holocene.

  • 35. Flink, Anne Elina
    et al.
    Noormets, Riko
    Kirchner, Nina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Benn, Douglas I.
    Luckman, Adrian
    Lovell, Harold
    The evolution of a submarine landform record following recent and multiple surges of Tunabreen glacier, Svalbard2015In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 108, p. 37-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study focuses on the glacial landform record associated with recent surge events of Tunabreen - a calving tidewater glacier in Tempelfjorden, Spitsbergen. Submarine geomorphology and recent terminal fluctuations of Tunabreen's glacier front were studied using high-resolution multibeam-bathymetric data and a range of published and remote-sensing sources, including topographic maps, satellite images and aerial photographs. The retreat moraines in the inner part of Tempelfjorden have been correlated with glacier terminus positions during retreat from the 2004 surge maximum. Glacier surface velocity and ice-front positions derived from high-resolution TerraSAR-X satellite data show ice movements at the glacier front during minor advances of the front in winter when calving is suppressed. This suggests that the moraines have formed annually during quiescent phase winter advances. Tunabreen has experienced three surges since the Little Ice Age (LIA). This is in contrast with most Svalbard surging glaciers which have long quiescent phases and have typically only undergone one or two surges during this time. The landform record in Tempelfjorden is distinguished from previously studied glacier-surge landsystems by four, well-preserved sets of landform assemblages generated by the LIA advance and three subsequent surges, all of which partly modify earlier landform records. Based on the unique landform record in Tempelfjorden, a new conceptual landsystem model for frequently surging glaciers has been put forward improving our understanding of the dynamics of the surging glaciers and, most importantly, how they can be distinguished from the climatically-controlled glaciers in the geological record.

  • 36.
    Fu, Ping
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology. Purdue University.
    Stroeven, Arjen P.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Harbor, Jonathan M.
    Hättestrand, Clas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Heyman, Jakob
    Caffee, Marc W.
    Zhou, Liping
    Paleoglaciation of Shaluli Shan, southeastern Tibetan Plateau2013In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 64, p. 121-135Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reconstructing the paleoglaciation of the Tibetan Plateau is critical to understanding linkages between regional climate changes and global climate changes, and here we focus on the glacial history of the Shaluli Shan, an area of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau that receives much of its precipitation from monsoon flow. Based on field investigation, geomorphological mapping, and Be-10 exposure dating of moraines, we identify glacial deposits from the Late Glacial, with minimum ages at 13.0 +/- 1.2 -17.1 +/- 1.6 ka, global Last Glacial Maximum (gLGM) at 21.6 +/- 2.0 ka, and pre-gLGM at 102.3 +/- 10.0-183.6 +/- 17.0 ka. These ages are consistent with and significantly extend the known range from most prior chronological work using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides in this area, and include a set of dates for the Kuzhaori moraine that raise questions about prior chronologies based on the electron spin resonance technique. Ice caps about 4000 km(2) in size covered the Haizishan Plateau and the Xinlong Plateau during the global LGM, with large glaciers extending far down outlet valleys. The presence of ice cap glaciation, here, contrasts strongly to glaciation elsewhere in the Shaluli Shan and more central regions of the Tibetan Plateau where ice expansion remained constricted to valleys. This work provides important insights into the paleoclimate pattern and monsoon evolution of the Tibetan Plateau over past glacial cycles and indicates that the Shaluli Shan has a glacial chronology more consistent with the Northern Hemisphere paleo-ice sheets than other areas of the Tibetan Plateau.

  • 37. Garcia, Marga
    et al.
    Dowdeswell, Julian A.
    Ercilla, Gemma
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Recent glacially influenced sedimentary processes on the East Greenland continental slope and deep Greenland Basin2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 49, p. 64-81Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the morpho-sedimentary characterization and interpretations of the assemblage of landforms of the East Greenland continental slope and Greenland Basin, based on swath bathymetry and sub-bottom TOPAS profiles. The interpretation of landforms reveals the glacial influence on recent sedimentary processes shaping the seafloor, including mass-wasting and turbidite flows. The timing of landform development points to a predominantly glacial origin of the sediment supplied to the continental margin, supporting the scenario of a Greenland Ice Sheet extending across the continental shelf, or even to the shelf-edge, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Major sedimentary processes along the central section of the eastern Greenland Continental Slope, the Norske margin, suggest a relatively high glacial sediment input during the LGM that, probably triggered by tectonic activity, led to the development of scarps and channels on the slope and debris flows on the continental rise. The more southerly Kejser Franz Josef margin has small-scale mass-wasting deposits and an extensive turbidite system that developed in relation to both channelised and unconfined turbidity flows which transferred sediments into the deep Greenland Basin.

  • 38. Gierga, Merle
    et al.
    Hajdas, Irka
    van Raden, Ulrike J.
    Gilli, Adrian
    Wacker, Lukas
    Sturm, Michael
    Bernasconi, Stefano M.
    Smittenberg, Rienk H.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Long-stored soil carbon released by prehistoric land use: Evidence from compound-specific radiocarbon analysis on Soppensee lake sediments2016In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 144, p. 123-131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Compound-specific radiocarbon (C-14) analyses allow studying the fate of individual biomarkers in ecosystems. In lakes with small catchments, terrestrial biomarkers have the potential to be used for the dating of sediments that lack the traditionally targeted terrestrial macrofossils, if the specific organic compounds are deposited soon after production. On the other hand, if the biomarkers have been stored for a significant amount of time in the soils of the catchment before transported to the lake, their age can be used to reconstruct changes in average residence time of organic material on land through time. Here we present a study based on compound-specific C-14 analysis of the sedimentary record of Lake Soppensee, Switzerland, targeting long-chain n-alkanes of exclusive terrigenous origin, and comparing them with sediment ages obtained by high-resolution macrofossil dating. Additionally, we measured C-14 ages of bulk organic matter and carbonate samples to assess the hard water effect. Prior to 3100 cal BP n-alkanes had about the same age as the sediment or they were slightly older, indicating that the vast majority of the terrestrial organic carbon transported to the lake had a short residence time on land. In the samples younger than 3100 cal BP an increasing offset is observed, indicating liberation of old buried soil organic matter that must have accumulated over the previous millennia. Our results indicate that as long as stable ecosystem conditions have prevailed, the distribution and isotopic composition of the n-alkanes can be used as environmental proxies in small catchments with limited surface runoff, confirming a few earlier studies.

  • 39. Glasser, Neil F.
    et al.
    Harrison, Stephan
    Schnabel, Christoph
    Fabel, Derek
    Jansson, Krister N.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Younger Dryas and early Holocene age glacier advances in Patagonia2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 58, p. 7-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reliable dating of Southern Hemisphere glacier fluctuations since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is crucial to resolving debates about millennial-scale climate change. Here we present Be-10 dates for lateral, valley-mouth and cross-valley moraines formed between the contemporary South American North Patagonian Icefield (NPI) and its LGM position in four separate valleys around 47 degrees S. This is an area near the core of the precipitation-bearing southern westerly winds, where it is known that rapid shifts in climate occurred during Lateglacial times. The dates indicate that outlet glaciers advanced, or at least stabilised, to form large moraines east of an expanded NPI at 11.0 +/- 0.5/11.2 +/- 0.6, 11.5 +/- 0.6, 11.7 +/- 0.6 and 12.8 +/- 0.7 ka (Putnam southern-hemisphere production rates and Dunai scaling scheme, assumed boulder erosion rate of 2 mm/ka). Four of these ages are statistically indistinguishable and probably represent a single, regional ice advance. The dates indicate that glaciers in Patagonia were larger during these times than at any point since the LGM and provide evidence in Patagonia for glacier advances around the time of the European Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka) and into the very early Holocene. Although palaeoclimatic records from this area are often contradictory, these glacier advances were probably associated with a period of cooling or regionally increased precipitation related to the changes in the position of the southern westerly winds.

  • 40. Glasser, Neil
    et al.
    Harrison, Stephan
    Jansson, Krister
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Topographic controls on glacier sediment–landform associations around the temperate North Patagonian Icefield.2009In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 28, p. 2817-2831Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41. Glueder, Anna
    et al.
    Mix, Alan C.
    Milne, Glenn A.
    Reilly, Brendan T.
    Clark, Jorie
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Mayer, Larry
    Fallon, Stewart J.
    Southon, John
    Padman, June
    Ross, Andrew
    Cronin, Thomas
    McKay, Jennifer L.
    Calibrated relative sea levels constrain isostatic adjustment and ice history in northwest Greenland2022In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 293, article id 107700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Relative Sea Levels (RSLs) derived primarily from marine bivalves near Petermann Glacier, NW Greenland, constrain past regional ice-mass changes through glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modeling. Oxygen isotopes measured on bivalves corrected for shell-depth habitat and document changing meltwater input. Rapid RSL fall of up to 62 m/kyr indicates ice loss at or prior to ∼9 ka. Transition to an RSL stillstand starting at ∼6 ka reflects renewed ice-mass loading followed by further mass loss over the past few millennia. GIA simulations of rapid early RSL fall suggest a low regional upper-mantle viscosity. Early loss of grounded ice tracks atmospheric warming and pre-dates the eventual collapse of Petermann Glacier's floating ice tongue near ∼7 ka, suggesting grounding zone stabilization during early phases of deglaciation. We hypothesize mid-Holocene regrowth of regional ice caps in response to cooling and increased precipitation, following loss of the floating shelf ice. Remnants of these ice caps remain present but are now melting.

  • 42.
    Glykou, Aikaterini
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies.
    Lõugas, Lembi
    Piličiauskienė, Giedrė
    Schmölcke, Ulrich
    Eriksson, Gunilla
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies.
    Lidén, Kerstin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies.
    Reconstructing the ecological history of the extinct harp seal population of the Baltic Sea2021In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 251, article id 106701Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), today a subarctic species with breeding populations in the White Sea, around the Jan Mayen Islands and Newfoundland, was a common pinniped species in the Baltic Sea during the mid- and late Holocene. It is puzzling how an ice dependent species could breed in the Baltic Sea during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), and it remains unclear for how long harp seals bred in the Baltic Sea and when the population became extirpated. We combined radiocarbon dating of harp seal bones with zooarchaeological, palaeoenvironmental and stable isotope data to reconstruct the harp seal occurrence in the Baltic Sea. Our study revealed two phases of harp seal presence and verifies that the first colonization and establishment of a local breeding population occurred within the HTM. We suggest that periods with very warm summers but cold winters allowed harp seals to breed on the ice. Human pressure, salinity fluctuations with consequent changes in prey availability and competition for food resources, mainly cod, resulted in physiological stress that ultimately led to a population decline and local extirpation during the first phase. The population reappeared after a long hiatus. Final extinction of the Baltic Sea harp seal coincided with the Medieval Warm Period. Our data provide insights for the first time on the combined effects of past climatic and environmental change and human pressure on seal populations and can contribute with new knowledge on ongoing discussions concerning the impacts of such effects on current arctic seal populations.

  • 43.
    Goodfellow, Bradley W.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology. Stanford University, USA.
    A granulometry and secondary mineral fingerprint of chemical weathering in periglacial landscapes and its application to blockfield origins2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 57, p. 121-135Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A review of published literature was undertaken to determine if there was a fingerprint of chemical weathering in regoliths subjected to periglacial conditions during their formation. If present, this fingerprint would be applied to the question of when blockfields in periglacial landscapes were initiated. These blocky diamicts are usually considered to represent remnants of regoliths that were chemically weathered under a warm, Neogene climate and therefore indicate surfaces that have undergone only a few metres to a few 10s of metres of erosion during the Quaternary. Based on a comparison of clay and silt abundances and secondary mineral assemblages from blockfields, other regoliths in periglacial settings, and regoliths from non-periglacial settings, a fingerprint of chemical weathering in periglacial landscapes was identified. A mobile regolith origin under, at least seasonal, periglacial conditions is indicated where clay(%) ≤ 0.5*silt(%) + 8 across a sample batch. This contrasts with a mobile regolith origin under non-periglacial conditions, which is indicated where clay(%) ≥ 0.5*silt(%) − 6 across a sample batch with clay(%) ≥ 0.5*silt(%) + 8 in at least one sample. A range of secondary minerals, which frequently includes interstratified minerals and indicates high local variability in leaching conditions, is also commonly present in regoliths exposed to periglacial conditions during their formation. Clay/silt ratios display a threshold response to temperature, related to the freezing point of water, but there is little response to precipitation or regolith residence time. Lithology controls clay and silt abundances, which increase from felsic, through intermediate, to mafic compositions, but does not control clay/silt ratios. Use of a sedigraph or Coulter Counter to determine regolith granulometry systematically indicates lower clay abundances and intra-site variability than use of a pipette or hydrometer. In contrast to clay/silt ratios, secondary mineral assemblages vary according to regolith residence time, temperature, and/or precipitation. A microsystems model is invoked as a conceptual framework in which to interpret the concurrent formation of the observed secondary mineral ranges. According to the fingerprint of chemical weathering in periglacial landscapes, there is generally no evidence of blockfield origins under warm Neogene climates. Nearly all blockfields appear to be a product of Quaternary physical and chemical weathering. A more dominant role for periglacial processes in further bevelling elevated, low relief, non-glacial surface remnants in otherwise glacially eroded landscapes is therefore indicated.

  • 44.
    Gowan, Evan J.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. The Australian National University, Australia.
    Tregoning, Paul
    Purcell, Anthony
    Montillet, Jean-Philippe
    McClusky, Simon
    A model of the western Laurentide Ice Sheet, using observations of glacial isostatic adjustment2016In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 139, p. 1-16Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results of a new numerical model of the late glacial western Laurentide Ice Sheet, constrained by observations of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), including relative sea level indicators, uplift rates from permanent GPS stations, contemporary differential lake level change, and postglacial tilt of glacial lake level indicators. The later two datasets have been underutilized in previous GIA based ice sheet reconstructions. The ice sheet model, called NAICE, is constructed using simple ice physics on the basis of changing margin location and basal shear stress conditions in order to produce ice volumes required to match GIA. The model matches the majority of the observations, while maintaining a relatively realistic ice sheet geometry. Our model has a peak volume at 18,000 yr BP, with a dome located just east of Great Slave Lake with peak thickness of 4000 m, and surface elevation of 3500 m. The modelled ice volume loss between 16,000 and 14,000 yr BP amounts to about 7.5 m of sea level equivalent, which is consistent with the hypothesis that a large portion of Meltwater Pulse 1A was sourced from this part of the ice sheet. The southern part of the ice sheet was thin and had a low elevation profile. This model provides an accurate representation of ice thickness and paleo-topography, and can be used to assess present day uplift and infer past climate.

  • 45.
    Gravgaard Askjær, Thomas
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Zhang, Qiong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Schenk, Frederik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Sweden.
    Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of History. Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Sweden.
    Lu, Zhengyao
    Brierley, Chris M.
    Hopcroft, Peter O.
    Jungclaus, Johann
    Shi, Xiaoxu
    Lohmann, Gerrit
    Sun, Weiyi
    Liu, Jian
    Braconnot, Pascale
    Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.
    Wu, Zhipeng
    Yin, Qiuzhen
    Kang, Yibo
    Yang, Haijun
    Multi-centennial Holocene climate variability in proxy records and transient model simulations2022In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 296, article id 107801Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Variability on centennial to multi-centennial timescales is mentioned as a feature in reconstructions of the Holocene climate. As more long transient model simulations with complex climate models become available and efforts have been made to compile large proxy databases, there is now a unique opportunity to study multi-centennial variability with greater detail and a large amount of data than earlier. This paper presents a spectral analysis of transient Holocene simulations from 9 models and 120 proxy records to find the common signals related to oscillation periods and geographic dependencies and discuss the implications for the potential driving mechanisms. Multi-centennial variability is significant in most proxy records, with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–130 years and an average of 240 years. Spectra of model-based global mean temperature (GMT) agree well with proxy evidence with significant multi-centennial variability in all simulations with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–150 years. It indicates a comparatively good agreement between model and proxy data. A lack of latitudinal dependencies in terms of oscillation period is found in both the model and proxy data. However, all model simulations have the highest spectral density distributed over the Northern hemisphere high latitudes, which could indicate a particular variability sensitivity or potential driving mechanisms in this region. Five models also have differentiated forcings simulations with various combinations of forcing agents. Significant multi-centennial variability with oscillation periods between 100 and 200 years is found in all forcing scenarios, including those with only orbital forcing. The different forcings induce some variability in the system. Yet, none appear to be the predominant driver based on the spectral analysis. Solar irradiance has long been hypothesized to be a primary driver of multi-centennial variability. However, all the simulations without this forcing have shown significant multi-centennial variability. The results then indicate that internal mechanisms operate on multi-centennial timescales, and the North Atlantic-Arctic is a region of interest for this aspect.

  • 46.
    Greenwood, Sarah L.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Clark, Chris D.
    University of Sheffield, Department of Geography.
    Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 1: changing flow geometries and ice flow dynamics deciphered from the glacial landform record2009In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 28, p. 3085-3100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The glacial geomorphological record provides an effective means to reconstruct former ice sheets at ice sheet scale. In this paper we document our approach and methods for synthesising and interpreting a glacial landform record for its palaeo-ice flow information, applied to landforms of Ireland. New, countrywide glacial geomorphological maps of Ireland comprising >39,000 glacial landforms are interpreted for the spatial, glaciodynamic and relative chronological information they reveal. Seventy one ‘flowsets’ comprising glacial lineations, and 19 ribbed moraine flowsets are identified based on the spatial properties of these landforms, yielding information on palaeo-ice flow geometry. Flowset crosscutting is prevalent and reveals a highly complex flow geometry; major ice divide migrations are interpreted with commensurate changes in the flow configuration of the ice sheet. Landform superimposition is the key to deciphering the chronology of such changes, and documenting superimposition relationships yields a relative ‘age-stack’ of all Irish flowsets. We use and develop existing templates for interpreting the glaciodynamic context of each flowset – its palaeo-glaciology. Landform patterns consistent with interior ice sheet flow, ice stream flow, and with time-transgressive bedform generation behind a retreating margin, under a thinning ice sheet, and under migrating palaeo-flowlines are each identified. Fast ice flow is found to have evacuated ice from central and northern Ireland into Donegal Bay, and across County Clare towards the south-west. Ice-marginal landform assemblages form a coherent system across southern Ireland marking stages of ice sheet retreat. Time-transgressive, ‘smudged’ landform imprints are particularly abundant; in several ice sheet sectors ice flow geometry was rapidly varying at timescales close to the timescale of bedform generation. The methods and approach we document herein could be useful for interpreting other ice sheet histories. The flowsets and their palaeo-glaciological significance that we derive for Ireland provide a regional framework and context for interpreting results from local scale fieldwork, provide major flow events for testing numerical ice sheet models, and underpin a data-driven reconstruction of the Irish Ice Sheet that we present in an accompanying paper – Part 2.

  • 47.
    Greenwood, Sarah L.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    Clark, Chris D.
    University of Sheffield, Department of Geography.
    Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 2: a geomorphologically-driven model of ice sheet growth, retreat and dynamics2009In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 28, p. 3101-3123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ice sheet that once covered Ireland has a long history of investigation. Much prior work focussed on localised evidence-based reconstructions and ice-marginal dynamics and chronologies, with less attention paid to an ice sheet wide view of the first order properties of the ice sheet: centres of mass, ice divide structure, ice flow geometry and behaviour and changes thereof. In this paper we focus on the latter aspect and use our new, countrywide glacial geomorphological mapping of the Irish landscape (>39 000 landforms), and our analysis of the palaeo-glaciological significance of observed landform assemblages (article Part 1), to build an ice sheet reconstruction yielding these fundamental ice sheetproperties. We present a seven stage model of ice sheet evolution, from initiation to demise, in the form of palaeo-geographic maps. An early incursion of ice from Scotland likely coalesced with local ice caps and spread in a south-westerly direction 200 km across Ireland. A semi-independent Irish Ice Sheet was then established during ice sheet growth, with a branching ice divide structure whose main axis migrated up to 140 km from the west coast towards the east. Ice stream systems converging on Donegal Bay in the west and funnelling through the North Channel and Irish Sea Basin in the east emerge as major flow components of the maximum stages of glaciation. Ice cover is reconstructed as extending to the continental shelf break. The Irish Ice Sheet became autonomous (i.e. separate from the British Ice Sheet) during deglaciation and fragmented into multiple ice masses, each decaying towards the west. Final sites of demise were likely over the mountains of Donegal, Leitrim and Connemara. Patterns of growth and decay of the ice sheet are shown to be radically different: asynchronous and asymmetric in both spatial and temporal domains. We implicate collapse of the ice stream system in the North Channel – Irish Sea Basin in driving such asymmetry, since rapid collapse would sever the ties between the British and Irish Ice Sheets and drive flow configuration changes in response. Enhanced calving and flow acceleration in response to rising relative sea level is speculated to have undermined the integrity of the ice stream system, precipitating its collapse and driving the reconstructed pattern of ice sheet evolution.

  • 48.
    Greenwood, Sarah L.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Kleman, Johan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology (INK).
    Glacial landforms of extreme size in the Keewatin sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet2010In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 29, no 15-16, p. 1894-1910Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Assemblages of glacial landforms of a 'mega-scale' are here identified in the Keewatin sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Large till 'belts' or 'ridges', apparent only on satellite imagery and lying beneath the drumlins, flutes and ribbed moraine which comprise the known regional glacial landform record, form extensive and coherent patterns throughout the Keewatin region. Planform and crestline mapping from remotely sensed imagery yields a mapped population of >2500 individual landforms, whose dimensions are on average similar to 10 km long and similar to 1.5 km wide. Based on analysis of their morphology and morphometry, their spatial arrangement and pattern, and comparison with analogues and reference populations of glacial landform types, we interpret three morphological groups of different genetic origin. Two of these are examples of currently known landform types: i) a set of heavily overprinted, i.e. non-pristine, mega-scale glacial lineations, feeding from the heart of the Keewatin region north into Queen Maud Gulf; and ii) a 350 km long moraine zone, overrun by later ice flow paths, and likely associated with the terminal position of an ice sheet prior to the final deglacial episode. A third group, comprising a significant number of the Keewatin population, does not fit any existing category of glacial landforms. Here we report a major new finding: subglacial bedforms, of a mega-scale, transverse to the palaeo-ice flow direction. Mega-scale transverse bedforms have not been previously reported from any palaeo-(or contemporary) ice sheet. Close spatial integration with the ribbed moraine population in Keewatin suggests a similar mode of genesis. The Keewatin landforms indicate there is a fundamental transverse organisation of till at a scale beyond that of conventional transverse bedforms (ribbed moraine), and with as yet unknown implications for our understanding of subglacial processes and ice-bed coupling.

  • 49.
    Gribenski, Natacha
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Jansson, Krister N.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Lukas, Sven
    Stroeven, Arjen P.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Harbor, Jonathan M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Purdue University, USA.
    Blomdin, Robin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Ivanov, Mikhail N.
    Heyman, Jakob
    Petrakov, Dmitry A.
    Rudoy, Alexei
    Clifton, Tom
    Lifton, Nathaniel A.
    Caffee, Marc W.
    Complex patterns of glacier advances during the late glacial in the Chagan Uzun Valley, Russian Altai2016In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 149, p. 288-305Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Southern part of the Russian Altai Mountains is recognized for its evidence for catastrophic glacial lake outbursts. However, little is known about the late Pleistocene paleoglacial history, despite the interest in such reconstructions for constraining paleoclimate. In this study, we present a detailed paleoglaciological reconstruction of the Chagan Uzun Valley, in the Russian Altai Mountains, combining for the first time detailed geomorphological mapping, sedimentological logging, and in situ cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al surface exposure dating of glacially-transported boulders. The Chagan Uzun Valley exhibits the most impressive glacial landforms of this sector of the Altai, with extensive lobate moraine belts deposited in the intramontane Chuja Basin, reflecting a series of pronounced former glacial advances. Observations of “hillside-scale” folding and extensive faulting of pre-existing soft sediments within the outer moraine belts, together with the geomorphology, strongly indicate that these moraine belts were formed during surge-like events. Identification of surge-related features is essential for paleoclimate inference because these features correspond to a glacier system that is not in equilibrium with the contemporary climate, but instead largely influenced by various internal and external factors. Therefore, no strict relationship can be established between climatic variables and the pronounced distal glacial extent observed in the Chagan Uzun Valley/Chuja basin. In contrast, the inner (up-valley) glacial landforms of the Chagan Uzun valley were likely deposited during retreat of temperate valley glaciers, close to equilibrium with climate, and so most probably triggered by a general warming. Cosmogenic ages associated with the outermost, innermost, and intermediate stages all indicate deposition times clustered around 19 ka. However, the actual deposition time of the outermost moraine may slightly predate the 10Be ages due to shielding caused by subsequent lake water coverage. This chronology indicates a Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 last maximum extent of the Chagan Uzun Glacier, and an onset of the deglaciation around 19 ka. This is consistent with other regional paleoclimate proxy records and with the Northern Hemisphere glaciation chronology. Finally, this study also highlights the highly dynamic environment in this area, with complex interactions between glacial events and the formation and drainage of lakes.

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  • 50.
    Gribenski, Natacha
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Lukas, Sven
    Stroeven, Arjen P.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Jansson, Krister N.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Harbor, Jonathan M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography. Purdue University, USA.
    Blomdin, Robin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography.
    Ivanov, Mikhail N.
    Heyman, Jakob
    Petrakov, Dmitry A.
    Rudoy, Alexei
    Clifton, Tom
    Lifton, Nathaniel A.
    Caffee, Marc W.
    Reply to comment received from J. Herget et al. regarding "Complex patterns of glacier advances during the late glacial in the Chagan Uzun Valley, Russian Altai" by Gribenski et al. (2016), Quaternary Science Reviews 149, 288-3052017In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 168, p. 219-221Article in journal (Other academic)
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