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  • 1. Abubakar, Amin
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Social connectedness, life satisfaction and school engagement: moderating role of ethnic minority status on resilience processes of Roma youth2016Inngår i: European Journal of Developmental Psychology, ISSN 1740-5629, E-ISSN 1740-5610, Vol. 13, nr 3, s. 361-376Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We examined the influence of connectedness on school engagement and life satisfaction among Roma (n = 121) and Bulgarian (n = 143) mainstream adolescents (mean age 15.89, SD = 1.18). A set of measures on family, peer, school and neighbourhood connectedness were administered alongside life satisfaction and school engagement scales. Multigroup path analysis indicated that while the relationship between connectedness, life satisfaction and school engagement was largely the same across groups, the strength of such relationship differed among groups. A closer inspection of the model indicated that when it comes to school engagement, there was a salient difference in the role of different forms of connectedness between Roma and mainstream adolescents. For Roma adolescents, familial connectedness was especially salient for school engagement. The practical and theoretical implications of our findings for strengths and adaptive processes among Roma adolescents in Bulgaria are discussed.

  • 2. Abubakar, Amina
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Stefenel, Delia
    Uka, Fitim
    Zahaj, Skerdi
    Murimi, Paul
    van de Vijver, Fons
    Associations Between Social Connectedness and Academic Achievement Among Roma Youth in Eastern Europe2021Inngår i: Roma Minority Youth Across Cultural Contexts: Taking a Positive Approach to Research, Policy, and Practice / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova; David Lackland Sam; Laura Ferrer Wreder, Oxford University Press, 2021, s. 133-155Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, the authors report on a study that examined relations between social connectedness, school engagement, and achievement in minority (Roma) and majority youth in Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Romania. Based on a social connectedness model, they investigated the interplay of two connectedness domains (i.e., school and family) and their relations to school engagement and achievement. Participants were 1,063 adolescents who completed the Social Connectedness Scale on school engagement and average academic achievement. The authors found that social connectedness, especially school connectedness, was associated with school engagement while parental education was associated with school achievement. Implications are discussed in terms of how these findings are relevant to greater insight into the promotion of connectedness and the academic success of minority and majority youth across the countries under investigation.

  • 3. Abubakar, Amina
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Tair, Ergyul
    Measurement Invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults Across 23 Cultural Contexts2016Inngår i: Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, ISSN 0734-2829, E-ISSN 1557-5144, Vol. 34, nr 1, s. 28-38Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    There is hardly any cross-cultural research on the measurement invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scales (BMSLSS). The current article evaluates the measurement invariance of the BMSLSS across cultural contexts. This cross-sectional study sampled 7,739 adolescents and emerging adults in 23 countries. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of configural and partial measurement weights invariance models, indicating similar patterns and strengths in factor loading for both adolescents and emerging adults across various countries. We found insufficient evidence for scalar invariance in both the adolescents’ and the emerging adults’ samples. A multi-level confirmatory factor analysis indicated configural invariance of the structure at country and individual level. Internal consistency, evaluated by alpha and omega coefficients per country, yielded acceptable results. The translated BMSLSS across different cultural contexts presents good psychometric characteristics similar to what has been reported in the original scale, though scalar invariance remains problematic. Our results indicate that the BMSLSS forms a brief measure of life satisfaction, which has accrued substantial evidence of construct validity, thus suitable for use in cross-cultural surveys with adolescents and emerging adults, although evaluation of degree of invariance must be carried out to ensure its suitability for mean comparisons.

  • 4.
    Alm, Charlotte
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Rehnberg, Nora Helmy
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Language and eyewitness suggestibility2019Inngår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, ISSN 1544-4759, E-ISSN 1544-4767, Vol. 16, nr 3, s. 201-212Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    During forensic interviews, eyewitnesses are to retrieve correct information from memory. Cognitive load should be high, leading to risks of giving in to suggestive questions and difficulties in memory retrieval generally. Testifying in a non-native vs. native language may require even more cognitive effort due to the need to inhibit the interference of the native language. Such witnesses may also be more motivated to appear credible because they often belong to ethnic outgroups relative to forensic professionals, risking more scepticism. In this study, Swedish participants (N = 51) reported their memory of a simulated crime event either in English (non-native language) or in Swedish (native language) and were tested for suggestibility and accuracy. Results showed that English-speaking witnesses yielded to more suggestive questions, perceived themselves as less credible but were equally accurate. Results suggest that testifying in a non-native language is taxing cognitive resources, in turn increasing suggestibility and suboptimal memory search.

  • 5. Andersson Konke, Linn
    et al.
    Forslund, Tommie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Nilsson-Jobs, Elisabeth
    Nyström, Pär
    Falck-Ytter, Terje
    Brocki, Karin
    How Does Temperament in Toddlers at Elevated Likelihood for Autism Relate to Symptoms of Autism and ADHD at Three Years of Age?2022Inngår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders, ISSN 0162-3257, E-ISSN 1573-3432, Vol. 52, s. 995-1006Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study investigated longitudinal associations between parent-rated temperament, observed exuberance and accelerometer activity level at 18-months and symptoms of ASD and ADHD at 36-months in a sample of 54 children at elevated likelihood for ASD. For the specific parent-rated temperament scales, most observed significant associations appeared to be specific for either ASD or ADHD symptoms. Indeed, by controlling for overlapping symptoms a different pattern of associations emerged. These results illustrate how temperamental measures may signal risk for later ASD versus ADHD symptomatology in infants at elevated likelihood for ASD. In addition, they indicate the potential of adopting a broader view on neurodevelopmental disorders by investigating not only ASD traits, but also co-occurring disorders such as ADHD in samples of elevated likelihood for ASD.

  • 6.
    Andrén, Victoria
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Centre for Innovation, Research and Education, Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Yourstone, Jenny
    Damberg, Mattias
    Gender and arson: psychosocial, psychological, and somatic offender characteristics at the time of the crime2023Inngår i: Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, ISSN 1478-9949, E-ISSN 1478-9957, Vol. 34, nr 1, s. 113-130Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Deliberate fire-setting, such as the crime of arson, can have devastating, even lethal, consequences. This study compared factors at the time of arson by female and male offenders in Sweden between 2000–2010. The women (n = 100), and men (n = 100) included in this study were randomly chosen from among all individuals who had been convicted for arson during this period and who underwent forensic psychiatric investigations. Information regarding psychiatric and somatic characteristics, their psychosocial situation, and whether they were in contact with health or social services before the arsons were examined. The results showed that both women and men have complex psychiatric and somatic characteristics, as well as psychosocial situations. Women showed more self-destructive behaviour, lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores, and had been in contact with psychiatric health services to a greater extent than men. More women than men had children. These findings suggest that specific actions may be needed for preventing and treating women compared with men at risk for committing arson.

  • 7. Avdic, Hanna Björlin
    et al.
    Strannegård, Claes
    Engberg, Hedvig
    Willfors, Charlotte
    Nordgren, Ida
    Frisen, Louise
    Hirschberg, Angelica Linden
    Guath, Mona
    Nordgren, Ann
    Kleberg, Johan L.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Reduced effects of social feedback on learning in Turner syndrome2023Inngår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, nr 1, artikkel-id 15858Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Turner syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a complete or partial loss of one of the X chromosomes. Previous studies indicate that Turner syndrome is associated with challenges in social skills, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. A possible mechanism is a reduced social influence on learning. The current study examined the impact of social and non-social feedback on learning in women with Turner syndrome (n=35) and a sex- and age-matched control group (n=37). Participants were instructed to earn points by repeatedly choosing between two stimuli with unequal probabilities of resulting in a reward. Mastering the task therefore required participants to learn through feedback which of the two stimuli was more likely to be rewarded. Data were analyzed using computational modeling and analyses of choice behavior. Social feedback led to a more explorative choice behavior in the control group, resulting in reduced learning compared to non-social feedback. No effects of social feedback on learning were found in Turner syndrome. The current study thus indicates that women with Turner syndrome may be less sensitive to social influences on reinforcement learning, than the general population.

  • 8. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Baylar, Ayben
    Cagla Keles, Seray
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Hiroshima University, Japan .
    Positive Affect and School Related Outcomes: Feeling Good Facilitates School Engagement Among Turkish-Bulgarian Minority Adolescents2017Inngår i: Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures: Novel Approaches and Findings from Europe, Asia, Africa and America / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova, Cham: Springer, 2017, s. 145-156Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Fredrickson's (Rev Gen Psychol 2:300-319, 1998, Am Psychol 56:218-226, 2001) Broaden and Build Theory (BBT) proposes that experiencing positive affect results in broadened thoughts and behaviors, which facilitate adaptive responses to various environmental conditions. The present chapter tests the applicability of this theory for school engagement in an acculturation context and examines whether or to what extent positive affect also facilitates school engagement for 201 Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents (59% male) aged 14-19 years. Results showed that experiencing positive affect was positively related to school engagement among Turkish-Bulgarian youth, and thereby provide support for the applicability of Fredrickson's theory in an acculturation contect. Findings highlight the role of positive affect for school engagement and can be used to facilitate the adaption process of youth by promoting the creation of environment in which the experience of positive affect is fostered.

  • 9. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Brief report: When does identity lead to negative affective experiences?: A comparison of Turkish–Bulgarian and Turkish–German adolescents2016Inngår i: Journal of Adolescence, ISSN 0140-1971, E-ISSN 1095-9254, Vol. 47, s. 125-130Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We examine relationships between social identity domains (ethnic, national, and religious) and negative affect among Turkish–Bulgarian and Turkish–German youth. Path analysis confirmed a multiple social identities (MSI) factor that has negative relations to experiencing negative affect for Turkish youth in both countries. Beyond this negative relationship, the component of national identity showed a positive relationship to negative affect for Turkish–Bulgarians, but not for Turkish–Germans. Our findings indicate that beyond the generally adaptive effect of MSI on youth development, unique components of social identity may not always be an asset: In an assimilative acculturation context (i.e., Bulgaria), the endorsement of national identity was not adaptive. Our research therefore highlights the need for a contextually differentiated view on “healthy” identity formation among immigrants for research and practice.

  • 10. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Tepe, Beyza
    Nurcan, Elif
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    How prosocial behavior turns bad into good: An examination among Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents2021Inngår i: Current Psychology, ISSN 1046-1310, E-ISSN 1936-4733, Vol. 40, nr 8, s. 3986-3996Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Building on the Altruism Born of Suffering (ABS) Hypothesis, the present research tests the mediator role of prosocial behavior on the link between perceived personal discrimination and several psychological well-being outcomes in a sample of Turkish-Bulgarian minority youth. We argue that perceived personal discrimination is linked to prosocial behavior, which in turn alleviates discriminations' detrimental effects on life satisfaction, self-esteem, negative affect and loneliness. Results revealed that prosocial behavior partially mediated the link between perceived personal discrimination and life satisfaction, perceived personal discrimination and self-esteem, and perceived personal discrimination and loneliness, while no mediating effect was found for negative affect. Our research contributes to the existing literature on minority youth dealing with discrimination, and proposes prosocial behavior to be a mechanism of resilient functioning against the maladaptive effects of perceived personal discrimination.

  • 11. Bacro, Fabien
    et al.
    Forslund, Tommie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. SUF Resource Center, Region Uppsala, Sweden.
    Granqvist, Pehr
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Children’s Multiple Attachment Relationships and Representations in Different Family Contexts2021Inngår i: Attachment Theory and Research: A Reader / [ed] Tommie Forslund; Robbie Duschinsky, Wiley-Blackwell, 2021, s. 228-239Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 12.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Direct and sustained effects on leadership self-efficacy due to the inability to complete a parachute training course2020Inngår i: Nordic Psychology, ISSN 1901-2276, E-ISSN 1904-0016, Vol. 72, nr 3, s. 222-234Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study examined a parachute training course intended to improve the leadership abilities of future military officers. Two research questions were examined. First, whether there were any differences between completers and non-completers in anxiety, stress, and collective identity at the beginning of the course (time 1), and second, whether there were any differences between completers and non-completers in leadership self-efficacy immediately after the course and at a five-month follow-up (time 2 and time 3). Participants were cadets from the Swedish Military Academy undergoing the course as part of their officer training curriculum. The results showed no significant differences between completers and non-completers in anxiety, stress, and collective identity at the beginning of the course (time 1). Non-completers showed a significant reduction in leader self-control efficacy compared to those who completed the training immediately after the course and at a five-month follow-up (time 2 and 3). Overall, these results indicate that non-completion of this type of demanding training could have negative effects on the individual's leader self-control efficacy.

  • 13.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    From believing to doing: The association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model2021Inngår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 12, artikkel-id 669905Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model. The purpose is to better understand how leadership training transfers to facets of developmental leadership. This was tested in a cross-sectional design with military commanders in the Swedish armed forces. The results show that the sub-domain of leader self-control efficacy (the cognitive and emotional ability to remain composure) did predict developmental leadership in only one dimension of being an exemplary model, but that leader assertiveness efficacy (the ability to make rational decisions) predicted the two dimensions of exemplary model and inspiration & motivation in developmental leadership. One possibility is that leader self-control efficacy can be what enables the individual to function within an extreme context, but leader assertiveness efficacy can be what most determine the leadership performance within that context. The possibility for mediatory analyses in further research is discussed.

  • 14.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Preparing to lead in combat: Development of leadership self-efficacy by static-line parachuting2019Inngår i: Military Psychology, ISSN 0899-5605, E-ISSN 1532-7876, Vol. 31, nr 6, s. 481-489Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study examined whether a static-line parachute program could help prepare future military officers to lead in extreme situations by increasing leadership self-efficacy. Parachute training is commonly used for preparing to lead in combat since it presents a perceived threat to life which requires active mastery. Achieving such mastery facilitates the development of leader self-control efficacy and leader assertiveness efficacy. This assumption was tested in a real training situation within the Swedish Military Academy where two groups of cadets were included in the study. The group of cadets undertaking parachute training conducted repeated measures of assessment of their self-efficacy before and after the course as well as at a five-month follow-up. The results show that parachute training increased leader self-control efficacy when compared to a group of cadets who undertook different training. In addition, the training given contributed to increased leader assertiveness efficacy for both groups.

  • 15. Bilewicz, Michał
    et al.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    The promise and limits of moral exemplars for intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation2023Inngår i: Conflict Resolution Quarterly, ISSN 1536-5581, E-ISSN 1541-1508, Vol. 41, nr 1, s. 7-18Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Stories about moral exemplars can provide crucial information about the moral heterogeneity of social groups involved in the conflict. This article addresses the role of moral exemplars narratives in changing perceptions of violent historic intergroup conflicts. We propose that two central outcomes of such interventions make them potentially an effective approach for improving intergroup relations in situations of violent intergroup conflict: (1) facilitation of intergroup contact and (2) increasing reconciliatory attitudes. Although most of the existing research on moral exemplars is focused on their positive outcomes, we suggest that moral exemplars might also have destructive consequences: they could be misused to gain an advantage in an intergroup conflict and might stress the immorality of the non-helping majority. By integrating these two possibilities, we propose a curvilinear model of the effects of moral exemplars narratives in post-conflict reconciliation and resolution of violent conflicts.

  • 16.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Intimate relationships and olfaction: Body odors, adult attachment, and romance2022Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Odors influence several aspects of life, such as thoughts, memories, decisions, and emotions. Numerous studies have shown that human behavior can be affected by odors in different contexts. One such context is social relationships, in which body odors play a role. For example, previous studies have shown that close family members can identify each other’s body odors and prefer these compared to the body odors of non-family members. However, further research is needed to establish how body odors and olfactory functioning affect interpersonal behaviors and intimate relationships. In this thesis, I have conducted three studies highlighting the interplay between intimate relationships and olfaction. The overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate if and how olfaction is related to behaviors in intimate relationships.

    Study I tested if a romantic partner’s body odors have stress-altering effects and whether such effects differ depending on individual differences in romantic attachment security. As the practice of smelling a partner’s worn garment has been reported as a self-treatment against stress, my colleagues and I carried out an experiment to determine whether exposure to a partner’s body odor attenuates adult individuals’ subjective discomfort and psychophysiological responses. To induce discomfort and stress responses, participants were exposed to weak electric shocks while smelling their partner’s body odor (experimental condition) and three control odors (control conditions). The results showed that partner body odor had an attenuating effect on subjective discomfort during stress. Additionally, highly attachment-secure participants exhibited attenuated skin conductance specifically when exposed to their partner’s body odor. Thus, study I concluded that partner body odor is a scent of security, especially for relatively attachment-secure adults.

    Next, to determine whether olfaction is linked to sexual outcomes in intimate relationships, study II explored associations between self-reported olfactory functioning, on the one hand, and infidelity and sexual well-being, on the other, using a survey design. Our exploratory analyses found that self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being positively and infidelity negatively, while controlling for other relevant socio-demographic variables. These results are discussed from a relationship science perspective, in which one’s intimate partner signifies sexual bonding in addition to caregiving and attachment. Thus, study II suggests that a partner’s body odor might be a scent of monogamy.

    Study III summarized the literature on populations with an impaired or total absence of a sense of smell. The interplay between olfaction and intimate relationship variables was examined by reviewing research reports and empirical studies concerning individuals with an impaired sense of smell. My colleague and I provided an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact three types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. For romantic relationships, which are the main focus of this thesis, three categories were defined in which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: eating, social support, and sexuality. Thus, study III concludes that olfactory ability is related to various romantic, intimate relationship behaviors.

    In sum, all three studies reported findings highlighting that olfaction (body odors and olfactory functioning) is related to intimate relationships. The results from the three studies are discussed via theoretical frameworks concerning the sense of smell, romantic relationships, and attachment. The thesis concludes that olfactory functioning and the experience of body odors are meaningful for intimate relationships and, as such, also for various behaviors in these relationships.

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  • 17.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Stress and odors2018Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Compared to our other senses, the sense of smell has a unique and anatomically direct pathway to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis which might have many important implicit and explicit functions in reducing stress. In a set of behavioral experiments, we pursued the hypothesis that the sense of smell could reduce psychophysiological measured stress, i.e. skin conductance levels (SCL), after a stress induction paradigm using weak electric shocks. In study one, we used the framework of attachment theory stating that an adult attachment figure should provide a relief and comfort if the individual is exposed to a stressful event. The results showed that such a relief and comfort can be achieved for the secure individuals by simply smelling their partner´s body odor. Presence of their partners body odor significantly reduced SCL compared to when smelling their own, a neutral or a positive odor. In study two, a multisensory paradigm with virtual reality was used to test whether odors uniquely reduce stress responses within three different environments; urban parks, forests and cities. Our findings showed that high psychological pleasantness was linked to low stress response for the olfactory and visual senses. Taken together these findings demonstrate that both social and environmental odors are able to provide stress release and further, provide a framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms of olfaction cues and stress.

  • 18.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Gruneau Brulin, Joel
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Liuzza, Marco Tullio
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Carlbring, Per
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    Should I Stay or Should I Go? Relationship satisfaction and the influence of attachment2019Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Romantic relationships have been argued to function as attachment relationships, and the level of satisfaction with the relationship have been associated with one’s attachment style. Both attachment avoidance and anxiety have shown to be reliable predictors of relationship dissatisfaction. In this study, which were part of a screening process for couples’ therapy, 660 participants (330 both heterosexual and homosexual couples) completed a questionnaire regarding their attachment style (Experience of Close Relationships) and relationship satisfaction (Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Through structural equation modelling we found that relationship satisfaction was linked to both attachment avoidance (? = -.26) and anxiety (? = -.15) of one own, but only to partner avoidance (? = -.12). These findings are to some extent contradictory to previous research regarding the effect of partner attachment, by showing that specifically avoidance but not anxiety is linked to dissatisfaction.

  • 19.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Hofer, Marlise
    Olfactory Impairment and Close Social Relationships: A Narrative Review2021Inngår i: Chemical Senses, ISSN 0379-864X, E-ISSN 1464-3553, Vol. 46, artikkel-id bjab037Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Olfactory impairment is one of the more unique symptoms of COVID-19 infection and has therefore enjoyed increased public attention in recent months. Olfactory impairment has various implications and consequences ranging from difficulty detecting dangerous pathogens to hindering social functioning and social behaviors. We provide an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact 3 types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. Evidence is divided into several categories representing potential mechanisms by which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: bonding disruptions, decreased social support, missed group-eating experiences, hygiene concerns, and altered sexual behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of emerging future research questions.

  • 20.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Izzo, Giulia
    Vaccaro, Maria Grazia
    La Vignera, Sandra
    Brunetti, Antonio
    Aversa, Antonio
    Liuzza, Marco Tullio
    The scent of monogamy: self-reported olfactory function predicts sexual well-being and infidelity in an Italian population2022Inngår i: Archives of Sexual Behavior, ISSN 0004-0002, E-ISSN 1573-2800, Vol. 51, nr 6, s. 2879-2889Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have shown that olfactory function plays an essential role in the bonding of a romantic relationship. Body odors, in particular, seem involved in both mate choices and other intimate behaviors. Our sense of smell is also crucial to detect possible pathogen threats, by activating a suitable disgust reaction. Previous studies have shown that disgust sensitivity is negatively related to sociosexuality, and disgust generally inhibits our sexual drive. In the present study, we explored the possible relation between olfactory function, pathogen disgust sensitivity, sociosexuality, sexual well-being, and infidelity through a web survey. Our exploratory analyses found that, in a large Italian sample (N = 1107), among those in a stable relationship, self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being (p < .05) and negatively predicted infidelity (p < .05) when controlling for other relevant sociodemographics variables. Moreover, the relation between self-reported olfactory function and sexual well-being was mediated by pathogen disgust sensitivity. Although significant, these results must be interpreted with caution, because the effect sizes were small.

  • 21.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Opendak, Maya
    Wilson, Donald
    Sullivan, Regina
    Abusive caregivers are not a secure base for their infant: Understanding the neurobiology using a rodent model2019Inngår i: 52nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, October 16-18, 2019: Final program and abstracts, 2019, s. 51-51, artikkel-id P2-82Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Early life experiences are essential for a healthy development according to both human and animal research. From the attachment literature the primary caregiver has always been the center of attention in predicating outcomes in later development of the child.

    The attachment literature also highlights two functions that the caregiver implicit activate, the safe haven and the secure base functions. Safe haven function is when the infant can depend on the caregiver for comfort and relief if stressed. The secure base function is described as when the caregiver works as a platform for the child to explore. This latter function has the intent to describe the infant’s balance between two behaviours; exploration and proximity seeking.

    In this study we are linking the described attachment behaviour system with a neurobiological approach of measuring cortical local field potential (LFP) oscillations in rat pups. By using an experimental setting with both measures of behaviour and LFP where the pup interacts with the mother and a stranger we evaluate the secure base function. In addition, we are applying the Scarcity-Adversity Model of maltreatment to disentangle critical attachment disruptions. We are discovering differences in the two different groups of rat pups (control and maltreatment) and are reflecting on these results both on an attachment behavioral and neurobiological developmental level.

  • 22.
    Bojerud, Erik
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen.
    Younadam, Ramina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Testing a moral exemplar intervention in a non-conflict context: The effects of moral exemplars on key dimensions of outgroup evaluations2023Inngår i: Conflict Resolution Quarterly, ISSN 1536-5581, E-ISSN 1541-1508, Vol. 41, nr 1, s. 93-108Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Moral exemplar interventions have been shown to increase many positive intergroup outcomes, including perceptions of outgroup morality. However, existing research on moral exemplar interventions has only been conducted in post-conflict contexts. This study investigates the effects of a moral exemplar intervention on outgroup evaluations in a non-conflict context. By examining the effects on three key dimensions of outgroup evaluations (morality, sociability, and competence) in Sweden, we aim to extend the generalizability of moral exemplar interventions. An online experiment was conducted with self-identified Swedes (N = 193) to explore the effects of outgroup (Middle Eastern) moral versus neutral exemplars. Results indicate that moral exemplar stories increased perceptions of outgroup morality while not significantly affecting perceived outgroup competence or sociability. These findings support the hypothesis that moral exemplars influence a specific positive dimension of outgroup evaluations, namely perceptions of morality, rather than any positive dimension such as sociability or competence. The present study also gives tentative support for the applicability of moral exemplar interventions in contexts and settings with no recent history of collective violence. 

  • 23. Bosson, Jennifer K.
    et al.
    Jurek, Pawel
    Vandello, Joseph A.
    Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza
    Olech, Michal
    Besta, Tomasz
    Bender, Michael
    Hoorens, Vera
    Becker, Maja
    Timur Sevincer, A.
    Best, Deborah L.
    Safdar, Saba
    Wlodarczyk, Anna
    Zawisza, Magdalena
    Zadkowska, Magdalena
    Abuhamdeh, Sami
    Badu Agyemang, Collins
    Akbas, Gulcin
    Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan
    Ammirati, Soline
    Anderson, Joel
    Anjum, Gulnaz
    Ariyanto, Amarina
    Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John
    Ashraf, Mujeeba
    Bakaityte, Aiste
    Bertolli, Chiara
    Berxulli, Dashamir
    Bi, Chongzeng
    Block, Katharina
    Boehnke, Mandy
    Bongiorno, Renata
    Bosak, Janine
    Casini, Annalisa
    Chen, Qingwei
    Chi, Peilian
    Cubela Adoric, Vera
    Daalmans, Serena
    Dandy, Justine
    de Lemus, Soledad
    Dhakal, Sandesh
    Dvorianchikov, Nikolay
    Egami, Sonoko
    Etchezahar, Edgardo
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Felix, Neto
    Froehlich, Laura
    Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain
    Gavreliuc, Alin
    Gavreliuc, Dana
    Gomez, Angel
    Guizzo, Francesca
    Graf, Sylvie
    Greijdanus, Hedy
    Grigoryan, Ani
    Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna
    Guerch, Keltouma
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Hale, Miriam-Linnea
    Hamer, Hannah
    Hirai, Mika
    Hoang Duc, Lam
    Hrebickova, Martina
    Hutchings, Paul B.
    Hoj Jensen, Dorthe
    Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga
    Karabati, Serdar
    Kelmendi, Kaltrina
    Kengyel, Gabriella
    Khachatryan, Narine
    Ghazzawi, Rawan
    Kinahan, Mary
    Kirby, Teri A.
    Kovacs, Monika
    Kozlowski, Desiree
    Krivoshchekov, Vladislav
    Kulich, Clara
    Kurosawa, Tai
    Thi Lac An, Nhan
    Labarthe, Javier
    Latu, Ioana
    Anne Lauri, Mary
    Mankowski, Eric
    Musbau Lawal, Abiodun
    Li, Junyi
    Lindner, Jana
    Lindqvist, Anna
    Maitner, Angela T.
    Makarova, Elena
    Makashvili, Ana
    Malayeri, Shera
    Malik, Sadia
    Mancini, Tiziana
    Manzi, Claudia
    Mari, Silvia
    Martiny, Sarah E.
    Mayer, Claude-Helene
    Mihic, Vladimir
    Milosevic Dordevic, Jasna
    Moreno-Bella, Eva
    Moscatelli, Silvia
    Bryan Moynihan, Andrew
    Muller, Dominique
    Narhetali, Erita
    Neto, Felix
    Noels, Kimberly A.
    Nyul, Boglarka
    O'Connor, Emma C.
    Ochoa, Danielle P.
    Ohno, Sachiko
    Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman
    Osborne, Randall
    Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria
    Palacio, Jorge
    Patnaik, Snigdha
    Pavlopoulos, Vassilis
    Perez de Leon, Pablo
    Piterova, Ivana
    Barreiros Porto, Juliana
    Puzio, Angelica
    Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna
    Renteria Perez, Erico
    Renstrom, Emma
    Rousseaux, Tiphaine
    Ryan, Michelle K.
    Sainz, Mario
    Salvati, Marco
    Samekin, Adil
    Schindler, Simon
    Seydi, Masoumeh
    Shepherd, Debra
    Sherbaji, Sara
    Schmader, Toni
    Simao, Claudia
    Sobhie, Rosita
    Souza, Lucille De
    Sarter, Emma
    Sulejmanovic, Dijana
    Sullivan, Katie E.
    Tatsumi, Mariko
    Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy
    Jain Thakur, Suparna
    Thi Mong Chi, Quang
    Torre, Beatriz
    Torres, Ana
    Torres, Claudio V.
    Turkoglu, Beril
    Ungaretti, Joaquin
    Valshtein, Timothy
    Van Laar, Colette
    van der Noll, Jolanda
    Vasiutynskyi, Vadym
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Venalainen, Satu
    Vohra, Neharika
    Walentynowicz, Marta
    Ward, Colleen
    Yang, Yaping
    Yzerbyt, Vincent
    Zanello, Valeska
    Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Antonella
    Zukauskiene, Rita
    Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations2021Inngår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, ISSN 0022-0221, E-ISSN 1552-5422, Vol. 52, nr 3, s. 231-258Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

  • 24.
    Bracco, Sofia Elena
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Sczesny, Sabine
    How trans and gender non-conforming people are represented in online news media.2022Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Trans and gender non conforming (TGNC) people represent one of the most marginalized groups in society and their unemployment rates are three times higher than cisgender people’s average. Cisgender people tend to derive stereotypes and mental representations of TGNC individuals from the media since they lack direct contact with them. Media coverage can therefore work as parasocial contact and improve or worsen people’s attitudes towards minorities. This study analyzes the way TGNC people are represented in online news media across 3 countries that vary in their ranking on LGTBT rights: the UK (11/49 European states for achieved LGBTI rights, Sweden (9/49), and Italy (35/49).

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Bracco, Sofia Elena
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Neidenmark, Gideon
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Sczesny, Sabine
    Effects of trans and gender diverse people's media representations on attitudes towards them2023Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26. Broberg, Anders
    et al.
    Risholm Mothander, Pia
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Granqvist, Pehr
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Anknytningsteori2020 (oppl. 2)Bok (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Anknytningsteorin är en av de viktigaste teorierna om nära relationer. Den beskriver betydelsen av tidiga anknytningserfarenheter för den fortsatta utvecklingen av nära känslomässiga relationer under barndom, tonår och vuxenliv.

    Denna andra utgåva av grundboken Anknytningsteori tar upp den senaste anknytningsforskningen och beskriver hur anknytningen utvecklas från vaggan till graven. Den är grundligt reviderad och utökad med bland annat flera uppdaterade kapitel från Anknytning i praktiken, exempelvis om desorganiserad anknytning, anknytningsbedömningar i olika åldrar samt anknytningsbaserade interventioner. Nya kapitel som tillkommit behandlar bland annat genetik och kultur. Boken ger således en heltäckande och aktuell presentation av anknytningsteorin och flera av dess tillämpningar.

    Anknytningsteori är skriven för studerande och yrkesverksamma inom psykologi, psykiatri, socialt arbete, pedagogik, medicin och till vidareutbildningar i psykoterapi.

  • 27. Burrows, Brooke
    et al.
    Tropp, Linda R.
    Dehrone, Trisha A.
    Čehajić-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    How Intergroup Contact Shapes Intergroup Attitudes and Construals of Relations Between Ethnic Groups: Evidence From Bosnia and Herzegovina2022Inngår i: Peace and Conflict: The Journal of Peace Psychology, ISSN 1078-1919, E-ISSN 1532-7949, Vol. 28, nr 3, s. 372-383Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Two studies examined how intergroup contact in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) corresponds with shifts in intergroup attitudes and broader construals of intergroup relations in society. In Study 1, youth in Bosnia-Herzegovina from diverse ethnic backgrounds (n = 122) responded to a survey about their contact experiences, intergroup attitudes, and perceptions of relations between ethnic groups in BiH. Study 1 demonstrated that among Bosnian youth, more frequent positive intergroup contact significantly predicted more positive attitudes toward ethnic outgroup members (e.g., outgroup trust, closeness, empathy, humanization, and willingness for future contact), but did not predict holding more positive broader construals of relations between ethnic groups in BiH (e.g., as enemies or allies). Study 2 used a pre–post design to replicate and extend these findings by evaluating the effects of a week-long “Peace Camp” Intervention that brought together youth from diverse ethnic backgrounds (n = 43). This study found that youth reported significantly more positive attitudes following the Peace Camp Intervention; however, there were no significant pre–post differences in youths’ construals of relations between ethnic groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that, in contexts of ethnic conflict, intergroup contact may have greater effects on measures that tap into intergroup attitudes toward ethnic outgroups than on measures that assess their broader construals of relations between groups in society. 

  • 28. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Internal versus External Ethnic Identification of Roma: Implications for Social Inclusion in Romania2016Inngår i: Social Work Review, ISSN 1583-0608, nr 3Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Roma represent the most relevant and sizable ethnic minority across Europe with estimates varying from 10 up to 15 million of people. However, discrepancy in external (ascribed by others) and internal or self-defined ethnic identification of Roma are largely present in Europe and Romania in particular. We set out to explore internal and external ethnic identification of Romanian Roma by investigating Roma communities from 58 Romanian sites (10 cities and 48 villages), based on data collected from local experts (policemen, teachers, social workers, religious leaders). Results showed that: a) external ethnic identification (identification made by others) is three times higher than the official census data and the extreme poverty is the common characteristic of Roma communities; b) according to local experts, main markers to identify Roma refer to geographic proximity, extreme poverty, poor living conditions and enlarged family size. Implications for social inclusion programs at local and European level are discussed along with directions for future research.

  • 29. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Hiroshima University, Japan .
    Positive Affect and the Experience of Meaning in Life Among Romanian Emerging Adults2017Inngår i: Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures: Novel Approaches and Findings from Europe, Asia, Africa and America / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova, Cham: Springer, 2017, s. 95-103Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Meaning in life has been consistently documented as an essential component for a "good life" and a key to positive functioning (Davis, Wortman, Lehman, & Silver, 2000; Scollon & King, 2004). In this chapter, we examined the relationship between positive affect (PA) and the experience of life meaning among emerging adults in Romania. Results showed that PA was positively and significantly correlated with meaning of life and the most consistent predictor of the overall experience of meaning of life. We conclude that positive moods may predispose emerging adults to feel that life is meaningful. These results provide new knowledge on the construct of meaning in life among under investigated cultural sample in Europe in line with renewed attention on psychological strengths in emerging adulthood.

  • 30. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    The Roma Context2021Inngår i: Roma Minority Youth Across Cultural Contexts: Taking a Positive Approach to Research, Policy, and Practice / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova; David Lackland Sam; Laura Ferrer Wreder, Oxford University Press, 2021, s. 3-15Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter presents an overview of the current situation of Roma ethnic minority groups. The authors provide a brief historical outline as well as a summary of major sociodemographic, cultural, and contextual characteristics of Roma. They compare these characteristics across different countries hosting Roma populations and discuss their potential importance for children and youth within broader social and cultural contexts. Drawing on currently available empirical work with these populations, the authors address the question of whether traditional developmental frameworks can apply to oppressed minority settings. They also examine how unique cultural-specific and universal features of Roma can inform the understanding of optimal adaptation in adolescence. The authors conclude by emphasizing the relevance of recognizing that oppressed minority groups such as Roma have potentials and strengths on which we need to build, rather than assume that their communities are only characterized by adversity and deficits.

  • 31. Bäck, Emma A.
    et al.
    Bäck, Hanna
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Sikström, Sverker
    From I to We: Group Formation and Linguistic Adaption in an Online Xenophobic Forum2018Inngår i: The Journal of Social and Political Psychology, E-ISSN 2195-3325, Vol. 6, nr 1, s. 76-91Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Much of identity formation processes nowadays takes place online, indicating that intergroup differentiation may be found in online communities. This paper focuses on identity formation processes in an open online xenophobic, anti-immigrant, discussion forum. Open discussion forums provide an excellent opportunity to investigate open interactions that may reveal how identity is formed and how individual users are influenced by other users. Using computational text analysis and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), our results show that new users change from an individual identification to a group identification over time as indicated by a decrease in the use of “I” and increase in the use of “we”. The analyses also show increased use of “they” indicating intergroup differentiation. Moreover, the linguistic style of new users became more similar to that of the overall forum over time. Further, the emotional content decreased over time. The results indicate that new users on a forum create a collective identity with the other users and adapt to them linguistically.

  • 32.
    Cancino Montecinos, Sebastian
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    New perspectives on cognitive dissonance theory2020Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive consistency is generally considered a fundamental aspect of the human mind, and cognitive dissonance theory is the most famous and studies theory within this framework. Dissonance theory holds that when related cognitions are in conflict (e.g. when behaving counter to one’s attitudes), people will experience negative affect. This affective reaction motivates people to engage in various dissonance-reduction strategies (e.g. attitude change). The aim of this thesis was to investigate some novel, and unanswered questions within dissonance research, and to relate dissonance theory to neighboring theories.

    In Study I, it was predicted (and supported) that cognitive dissonance (writing a counter-attitudinal essay in the induced-compliance paradigm) would lead to people exhibiting an abstract mindset. The rationale for this prediction (based on action-identification theory) was that unfamiliar and difficult situations, were action is usually impeded (much like dissonant situations), lead to individuals adopting more concrete representations of the situation – for the sake action execution. However, since people usually want to find meaning in their actions, they will quickly, after the action is executed, adopt an abstract representation of the situation – which might also lead to spillover effects were people’s mental representation of their actions in general become more abstract.

    In Study II, the aim was to investigate to what extent, and how, emotions relate to the attitude-change effect in the induced-compliance paradigm. Past researchers usually predict that negative emotions should be positively related to this effect. Based on the notion of emotion regulation, however, attitude change (a form of reappraisal) implies that people are positively (and less negatively) tuned to the situation – and should therefore feel more positive (and less negative) emotions towards the situation. Thus, contrary to past research, it was predicted that negative emotions would be inversely related to attitude change, and positive emotions would be positively related to attitude change. Result across two experiments supported these predictions.

    Lastly, in Study III, the aim was to provide a general theoretical model of dissonance reduction. Based on a cognitive-emotion perspective (including appraisal theories of emotion, emotion regulation, and coping), it was suggested that reduction processes are influenced by the intensity of the initial affective reaction. This affective reaction is in turn influenced by the magnitude of the dissonance and the novelty-familiarity dimension of the situation. When the dissonance magnitude is too big, and the situation novel, people might disengage rather quickly (leaving the situation or distracting themselves). If, however, people have enough motivation and cognitive capacity, they might engage more in the reduction processes. The advantage of this model is that it can be applied to any dissonant situation.

    Taken together, these studies suggest that there is still much to discover in dissonance research, and much can be gained by conceptualizing dissonance processes within a cognitive-emotion framework. Future research should focus more on how the social context (e.g. influence of other people) might affect these dissonance processes. More emphasis should also be put on the prevalence of different dissonant situations, and the accompanied reduction attempts, in real-life settings.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    New perspectives on cognitive dissonance theory
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  • 33.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    A General Model of Dissonance Reduction: Unifying Past Accounts via an Emotion Regulation Perspective2020Inngår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 11, artikkel-id 540081Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive dissonance has been studied for more than 60 years and many insightful findings have come from this research. However, some important theoretical and methodological issues are yet to be resolved, particularly regarding dissonance reduction. In this paper, we place dissonance theory in the larger framework of appraisal theories of emotion, emotion regulation, and coping. The basic premise of dissonance theory is that people experience negative affect (to varying degrees) following the detection of cognitive conflict. The individual will be motivated to alleviate these emotional reactions and could do so by reducing dissonance in some manner. We argue that detection of dissonance will follow the same principles as when people interpret any other stimuli as emotionally significant. Thus, appraisal theory of emotion, which argues that emotions are generated via the cognitive evaluation of surrounding stimuli, should be applicable to the dissonance-detection process. In short, we argue that dissonance-reduction strategies (attitude change, trivialization, denial of responsibility, etc.) can be understood as emotion-regulation strategies. We further argue that this perspective contributes to reconciling fragmented (and sometimes contrary) viewpoints present in the literature on dissonance reduction. In addition to proposing the general model of dissonance reduction, we illustrate at the hand of empirical data how research on dissonance reduction can be performed without relying on experimental paradigms that focus on a specific reduction strategy.

  • 34.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Dissonance and abstraction: Cognitive conflict leads to higher level of construal2018Inngår i: European Journal of Social Psychology, ISSN 0046-2772, E-ISSN 1099-0992, Vol. 48, nr 1, s. 100-107Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of cognitive conflict on abstract thinking. According to action-identification theory, an ambiguous and unfamiliar situation might propel an individual to a more abstract mindset. Based on this premise, cognitive conflict was hypothesized to put people in an abstract mindset. The induced compliance paradigm, in which participants are asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay under either low choice (producing little dissonance) or high choice (producing more dissonance), was employed. Results showed that an abstract mindset was in fact activated in the induced compliance paradigm, and this effect was more pronounced for participants having a more concrete mindset to begin with. The results suggest that the experience of cognitive conflict is closely related to increased abstraction.

  • 35.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Dissonance reduction as emotion regulation: Attitude change is related to positive emotions in the induced compliance paradigm2018Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, nr 12, artikkel-id e0209012Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to clarify how positive and negative emotions are related to the common attitude-change effect in cognitive dissonance research. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, and emotion-regulation research, we predicted that negative emotions would be inversely related to attitude change, whereas positive emotions would be positively related to attitude change in the induced compliance paradigm. In two studies, participants (N = 44; N = 106) wrote a counter-attitudinal essay under the perception of high choice, and were later asked to state their emotions in relation to writing this essay, as well as to state their attitude. Results confirmed the predictions, even when controlling for baseline emotions. These findings untangled a previously unresolved issue in dissonance research, which in turn shows how important emotion theories are for the understanding of cognitive dissonance processes.

  • 36.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Borg, Elisabet
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Perception och psykofysik.
    Assessing traits in a psychophysical way: Reassessing need for cognition and behavioral inhibition/approach2018Inngår i: Proceedings of the 34 th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics / [ed] Friedrich Müller, Lara Ludwigs, Malizia Kupper, International Society for Psychophysics , 2018, s. 36-42Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate if different scale formats affect what conclusion one can draw about the prevalence of a specific trait in a sample. More specifically, we compared the original scale format of Need for cognition (1-5) and Behavioral Inhibition/Approach (1-4) with an 11-point scale (0-10), and a psychophysical scale originally developed to measure physical exertion, Borg centiMax Scale®. Forty-eight psychology undergraduate students participated in return for course credit. In a within-subjects design, all participants completed both questionnaires in all three versions. Results revealed that the mean was consistently reaching ceiling effects when using the original scale formats, and the variation was relatively low compared to the other scales. In sum, the results revealed that the scale format plays a significant role in how prevalent a specific trait becomes in a sample.

  • 37.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Dissonance and abstraction: Cognitive conflict leads to higher level of construal2017Inngår i: 18th General Meeting of The European Association of Social Psychology: Programme and Abstract Book, European Association of Social Psychology , 2017, s. 123-123Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of cognitive conflict on abstraction. Results revealed that an abstract mindset was in fact activated when participants experienced cognitive conflict. This suggest that cognitive conflicts are closely related to increased abstraction.

  • 38.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Cognitive dissonance leads to an abstract mindset2016Inngår i: Book of abstract, 2016, s. 38-38Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of cognitive dissonance on abstract thinking. According to action-identification theory, whenever people try to understand a situation in a new way, they activate an abstract mindset. Based on this premise, dissonance was hypothesized to put people in an abstract mindset. The induced compliance paradigm, in which participants are asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay under either low choice (producing little dissonance) or high choice (producing more dissonance), was employed. Results showed that dissonance did in fact activate a more abstract mindset, and this effect was more pronounced for participants having a more concrete mindset to begin with. This suggests that increasing abstraction, as a reaction to cognitive conflict, is a way for people to resolve inconsistencies.

  • 39.
    Cancino-Montecinos, Sebastian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    The effects of cognitive dissonance on abstract thinking: Dissonance leads to an abstract mindset2016Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we investigated how individuals’ abstract thinking increases when experiencing dissonance. Dissonance theory holds that people reduce dissonance by accommodating their attitudes in order to fit their most recent behavior. This process resembles the reasoning of action-identification theory (AIT), which postulates that people usually try to understand their actions in a meaningful and coherent way, and also that actions can take on new meanings when people move from a low-level to a high-level understanding of the action. Thus, acting inconsistently threatens the coherent understanding of ones action; and in order to regain a sense of consonance, people will try to find a new meaning of their action (e.g., via attitude change). However, this occurs when moving to a high-level understanding (i.e., thinking more abstractly) of ones action. However, the effect of dissonance on abstraction should be stronger for individuals with low level of abstraction to begin with – since AIT holds that people who naturally tend to think abstractly already have high-level understandings of their actions. We predicted that: (1) dissonance puts people in a more abstract mindset, and (2) this effect will be more apparent for individuals low in abstraction. First, we established participants’ natural tendencies to abstract thinking with the Gestalt Completion Test (GCT). This variable was later split into low and high GCT. Several days later, we employed the induced compliance paradigm, in which participants were asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay under either low choice or high choice. High-choice participants usually experience more dissonance. We also created a neutral condition (to serve as a comparison to the other conditions) in which individuals were asked to write a pro-attitudinal essay. After the induced compliance manipulation, the Behavior Identification Form (BIF) was used to measure abstraction. The sample consisted of 125 non-psychology students. A 3 (condition: high-choice vs. low-choice vs. neutral) ˙ 2 (GCT: low vs. high) between subjects factorial ANOVA showed that participants in the high-choice condition (who experienced more dissonance) did exhibit a more abstract mindset, and level of GCT moderated this effect. The following simple effects analysis showed a significant effect for the low-GCT groups: (F(2, 119) = 6.607, p = .002, &#951;2 = .100) and the pairwise comparisons revealed that high-choice participants exhibited a significantly more abstract mindset (M = 16.65, SD = 4.54) compared to both the low-choice participants (M = 13.18, SD = 4.45) p = .013, d = .77 and the neutral participants (M = 12.25, SD = 4.71) p < .001, d = .95. No significant effects were found when comparing the high-GCT groups (p = .398). The present study demonstrated that dissonance activates abstract thinking, which is thought to facilitate people’s understanding their recent actions. This finding has important implication for the future study of consequences of cognitive conflicts, and also the study of how abstraction enables people to find new meanings of their own actions. Hence, investigation on these mechanisms could shed more light on how people regulate their thoughts, emotions and behavior in real time.

  • 40.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Barn- och elevombudets utredningar och beslut efter anmälan om kränkningar i skolan2019Inngår i: Festskrift till Wiveka Warnling Conradson / [ed] Richard Arvidsson, Pernilla Leviner, Jane Reichel, Mauro Zamboni, Karin Åhman, Jure, 2019, s. 73-86Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 41.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Power relations in pre-school children's play2021Inngår i: Early Child Development and Care, ISSN 0300-4430, E-ISSN 1476-8275, Vol. 191, nr 4, s. 612-623Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    As few studies have investigated how pre-school children produce and negotiate social positions when powerful positions are claimed, this study explores how 3–5 year-old children construct the social order of peer play when balancing the power game within the interaction. This is a video documented ethnographical case study where the methodology used is inspired by conversation analysis. The findings are that young children, just like older children, can build up and maintain asymmetrical relations during play by jointly co-constructing status positions through their use of language, body space and objects. The subordinates display legitimation of power when their superior playmate utilizes obvious tools to act and maintain their high-status position. However, positioning themselves in power play may imply that they have to endure unpleasant and unfriendly treatment, and this experience provides knowledge of how to dominate others and act from subordinate positions, where some are ‘marginalized and others privileged’.

  • 42.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Young children's play: a matter of advanced strategies among peers2020Inngår i: Early Child Development and Care, ISSN 0300-4430, E-ISSN 1476-8275, Vol. 190, nr 5, s. 778-790Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores how 3–5 year-old children negotiate participation rights during peer play in a preschool in Sweden. The interest is on how they build relations moment-by-moment. I specifically analyze how they negotiate participation rights with a focus on how they include and exclude each other in the ongoing activity. This is an ethnographic study, and the method is inspired by conversation analysis where the verbal and non-verbal interaction is studied sequentially. The findings are that even very young children are capable of advanced social acts when playing together. Such capacities may include face-threatening acts but also solidarity towards one or more participants. It is important that face-threatening strategies are recognized and addressed as soon as possible because children can need help to find alternative ways to behave when in conflict with one another. Otherwise there is a risk that such strategies, when repeated, cause harm to those children exposed.

  • 43.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Lamb, Michael
    Norrman, Erik
    Evaluating the Quality of Investigative Interviews Conducted After the Completion of a Training Program2021Inngår i: Investigative Interviewing Research & Practice (II-RP), Vol. 11, nr 1, s. 40-52Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A previous study conducted in Sweden showed that criminal investigators who participated in a 6‐month course, including a systematic and extensive training program based on a flexible protocol and during which they received extended supervision, were able to reduce their use of option‐posing and suggestive questions and used more open‐ended questions at the end of the training. However, that study did not determine whether the participants continued to employ preferred interview techniques in the months after the course concluded. In the present study, therefore, we evaluated interviews conducted by 66 Swedish criminal investigators who were given the same training as the previous participants. They attended four different courses between the autumn term of 2013 and the spring term of 2015.The present study specifically focused on changes in interview quality from before the course started, to the final interview at the end of the course and interviews subsequently conducted four months after the course was completed. The coding distinguished between open‐questions (invitations, directives) and risky questions (option‐posing and suggestive prompts). We found that, over time, the participants made increased use of recommended types of questions (invitations and directive questions) and reduced use of risky question types (option‐posing and suggestive questions). This suggests that the training program enhanced the investigators’ interview behavior and that they maintained their good practices after completing the course. This is an important finding because inappropriate interviewing can undermine the legal rights of both alleged victims and suspects. 

  • 44.
    Cehajic-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Learning about moral exemplars and intergroup reconciliation2020Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45.
    Cehajic-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Perceptions of Shared Morality as an Important Socio-Psychological Mechanism for Finding the Common Ground2019Inngår i: Social Psychological Bulletin, E-ISSN 2569-653X, Vol. 14, nr 4, artikkel-id e2325Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    When we think of human history, it is easy to conclude that violent conflicts are unavoidable. Furthermore, in remembering history, we usually recall violent times and are less likely to remember peaceful societal change. Given the way we remember our history, it is easy to lose sight of the existence of peaceful conflict resolutions or other positive societal changes. The Polish Round Table Talks (RT) that took place in 1989 at times of growing political and economic instabilities serve as an example of peaceful and effective negotiation between two opposing and, one might argue, exclusive ideologies. These talks resulted in an agreement between the Communist government of Poland and the opposition movement Solidarity and paved the road towards the present, democratic and independent Polish state. In this commentary I am going to extrapolate some important socio-psychological mechanisms in the light of contributions made by Janusz Reykowski and Janusz Grzelak - both social psychologists. More specifically, I would like to discuss a specific perception of the other negotiating partner that was activated, formed and maintained during the negotiation, which facilitated the successful outcome. I will argue that the perception of shared morality (perceptions of similarity between the in-group and the out-group on the dimension of morality) was an important socio-psychological mechanism that enabled a stream of other positive psychological processes such as development of trust, as well as cooperative and common-oriented goal tendencies.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 46.
    Cehajic-Clancy, Sabina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    The role of emotions in intergroup conflict2021Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Download (pdf)
    summary
  • 47.
    Cehajic-Clancy, Sabina
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Bilewicz, Michal
    Moral-Exemplar Intervention: A new paradigm for conflict resolution and intergroup reconciliation2021Inngår i: Current directions in psychological science (Print), ISSN 0963-7214, E-ISSN 1467-8721, Vol. 30, nr 4, s. 335-342Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Conflict resolution and intergroup reconciliation are difficult to achieve because of many social and psychological obstacles, such as people’s belief that members of a social group that is an adversary of their own group are mostly bad and essentially all the same. In this article, we introduce a novel intervention aimed at challenging these beliefs by exposing people to stories about individuals who have risked some important aspects of their lives to save the lives of other social groups’ members (moral exemplars). The effects of this moral-exemplar intervention have been tested with field experiments in several postconflict contexts using members of real antagonistic groups. We discuss the results of these studies and three specific and important aspects of the moral-exemplar intervention: (a) its comparative advantage over existing social-psychological interventions aimed at conflict resolution and intergroup reconciliation, (b) its content and conditions, and (c) implications for future theorizing and research targeting prosocial changes in attitudes and intergroup behavior.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 48. Chen, Bin-Bin
    et al.
    Wiium, Nora
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    A Life History Approach to Understanding Developmental Assets Among Chinese Adolescents2019Inngår i: Child and Youth Care Forum, ISSN 1053-1890, E-ISSN 1573-3319, Vol. 48, nr 2, s. 155-169Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Life history theory provides a unifying perspective on understanding human behaviors as adaptive strategies in response to particular environmental conditions. There is little empirical literature on the relationships between life history strategies and positive youth development.

    Objective: This study examines the relationships between environmental certainty, life history strategies and external and internal developmental assets among adolescents.

    Methods: Participants were 577 adolescents (53.5% boys) from Shanghai, China. Data on environmental certainty, life history strategies and developmental assets were collected from adolescents’ self-reports.

    Results: Adolescents with a slower life strategy reported higher levels of both external and internal assets. Furthermore, perceptions of environmental certainty were associated with both external and internal assets through a slower life history strategy.

    Conclusions: Developmental assets may be a part of or the result of the slow life history strategy in response to certain environments. This pattern also complements and expands previous findings linking life history strategy and negative adolescent development. The present study suggests profitable avenues of study in the areas of social environments and positive youth development.

  • 49. Chen, Bin-Bin
    et al.
    Wiium, Nora
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Factor structure of positive youth development: Contributions of exploratory structural equation modeling2018Inngår i: Personality and Individual Differences, ISSN 0191-8869, E-ISSN 1873-3549, Vol. 124, s. 12-15Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The five Cs model of positive youth development describes adolescents' development as reflecting five distinct but related domains of Competence, Confidence, Character, Connection, and Caring. This research used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to test the five Cs model in a Chinese sample of 384 adolescents (49.6% males; mean of age = 15.13 years old). The results showed that ESEM had better fit and relatively smaller factor correlations than CFA. In addition, factors such as Connection and Caring were well defined by their target indicators, although several non-target indicators significantly loaded onto Confidence factor in ESEM analysis. These results suggest that the correlations between some factors might be greatly overestimated in previous research based on CFA. The implication that ESEM is a more appropriate approach for testing the factor structure of the five Cs model of PYD is discussed.

  • 50. Chen, Bin-Bin
    et al.
    Wiium, Nora
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Chen, Ning
    The Relationships between Family, School and Community Support and Boundaries and Student Engagement among Chinese Adolescents2019Inngår i: Current Psychology, ISSN 1046-1310, E-ISSN 1936-4733, Vol. 38, nr 3, s. 705-714Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between social support and boundaries from family, school and community and student engagement among Chinese adolescents. Participants were 577 adolescents (53.5% boys) from Shanghai who provided data on student engagement, environmental support and boundaries from family, school and community. Results showed that family, school and community support and boundaries were positively related to two dimensions of student engagement (i.e., behavioral and affective). Several interaction terms were also observed. Specifically, school support strengthened the relationship between community support and behavioral engagement, and family support and affective engagement; school boundary strengthened the relationship between family boundary and affective engagement. Practical implications for the contributions of support and boundaries from family, school and community on student engagement are discussed.

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