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  • 1.
    Nilsson, Bo
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Brahme, Anders
    Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter2014In: Comprehensive biomedical physics: Volume 9: Radiation therapy physics and treatment optimization / [ed] Anders Brahme, Elsevier, 2014, p. 1-36Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this chapter is to give an overview and try to show how the different interaction probabilities will influence the transport of ionizing radiation through matter. This knowledge is important in different aspects of medical applications of radiation. It has an impact in designing an optimal treatment gantry, in the choice of radiation quality, and of course when determining the absorbed dose distribution in the body. It is also important in diagnostic radiology when optimizing the image quality. Knowledge of the interaction of radiation with matter is also fundamental for understanding the biological effect of radiation and its variation with ionization density. The focus will not be on the basic physics and deriving the different cross sections but on the impact of these cross sections on imaging and therapy in medical physics applications.

    Ionizing radiation is normally divided into charged particles (previously called directly ionizing radiation) such as leptons, α-particles, protons and other light ions, and uncharged particles (previously called indirectly ionizing radiation) such as photons (x-rays or γ-rays) and neutrons. This chapter will concentrate on radiation qualities used in radiotherapy, and the main part will be dedicated to electrons and photons with energies up to around 50 MeV and light ions with energies up to 900 MeV per nucleon. The presentation is divided into two main sections, charged particles and photons.

  • 2.
    Nilsson, Bo N.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics.
    Exercises with Solutions in Radiation Physics2015Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This material is intended for use in courses in radiation physics. Many textbooks include exercises, but not often full solutions, and they often refer to specific material in the textbook. This material can be used in many courses, often included in a medical physics graduate program, independent of a specific textbook. The material consists of six chapters covering the basic fundamental radiation physics, but not the more specific clinical applications where there is a rapid change and in which the exercises may be obsolete after some time. The first chapter includes exercises related to radioactive sources and decay schemes. This is followed by a chapter covering the interaction of ionizing radiation, including photons and charged particles. The text then continues with a chapter on detectors and measurements including both some simple counting statistics and properties of detectors. The next chapter is dedicated to dosimetry, which is a major subject in medical physics. A short chapter is covering radiobiology, where there is a focus on different cell survival models. The last chapter is dealing with radiation protection and health physics. Both radiation shielding calculations and radioecology are covered. The exercises in the material have been used in the education for medical physicists in Stockholm, Sweden, and the order of chapters follows the order of courses in this education, but hopefully they are useful in all applications of radiation physics including also health physics. Some problems are probably similar to what can be found in other material as there are some items that are always important to include in the courses and when producing exercises it is easy to forget where any idea is coming from.

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