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  • 1.
    Alm, Charlotta
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Eriksson, Åsa
    Durbeej, Natalie
    Palmstierna, Tom
    Berman, Anne H.
    Kristiansson, Marianne
    Hellner Gumpert, Clara
    Classification of offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use using the Addiction Severity Index version 6: Analysis of three-year follow-up data and predictive validity2014In: Mental Health and Substance Use, ISSN 1752-3281, E-ISSN 1752-3273, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 431-445Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research is scarce on the problems and needs of the “triply troubled” – among offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use. Classifying this population into clusters based on problem profiles may provide information about individual needs for treatment. In a previous study, we identified four clusters of triply troubled: less troubled, severely triply troubled, triply troubled with medical problems, and working triply troubled. The present study explored the stability and predictive validity of these clusters in a naturalistic design. In total, 125 triply troubled individuals included in any of the four clusters were followed for approximately three years with regard to their inpatient and outpatient treatment participation. They were also interviewed with the 6th version of the Addiction Severity Index, the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Bref. The main finding of the study was that on average the participants of all four clusters exhibited substantial improvements over the course of time but that improvements were cluster-specific rather than sample-specific. Implications of the study are discussed.

  • 2.
    Alm, Charlotte
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Kristiansson, Marianne
    Lindqvist, Per
    Palmstierna, Tom
    Gumpert, Clara Hellner
    Gender differences in re-offending among psychiatrically examined Swedish offenders2010In: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health, ISSN 0957-9664, E-ISSN 1471-2857, Vol. 20, no 5, p. 323-334Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The gender gap for violent offending is narrowing in the general population. Substance abuse and mental health problems are known risk factors for criminality. While substance abuse treatment has been associated with reduced risk of re-offending, women seem less likely to engage than men. People misusing substances tend to be high users of emergency room (ER) services. Such use may be an indicator both of treatment failure for substance misuse and offending. Little is known about gender differences in this respect. Aims: This study aims to test for gender differences in re-offending, use of substance abuse treatment, and hospital ER visits among offenders referred for forensic psychiatric assessment in Sweden. Method: The study used a longitudinal retrospective design. Data on all 31 women from a 2-year (2000–2001) cohort of serious offenders referred for forensic psychiatric assessment in Stockholm county, and 31 men from the same cohort, were extracted from forensic service and national records. Selection of the men was by initial random sampling followed by matching on age and substance misuse. The two resulting samples were compared on health service use and re-offending data between release and the census date (30 April 2004). Results: There were no gender differences for violent re-offending or for engagement in planned substance abuse treatment, in spite of longer time at risk for the men. Re-offending was reduced for women but not men who did not present in the ER with physical health problems. Conclusions: Our study is limited by sample size, although it included all women referred to the specialist forensic psychiatric service over 2 years, but it does indicate that differences between men and women in this situation are likely, and worthy of further study. The only way of achieving adequate sample sizes is likely to be through multi-centre collaboration.

  • 3.
    Alm, Charlotte
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Rehnberg, Nora Helmy
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Language and eyewitness suggestibility2019In: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, ISSN 1544-4759, E-ISSN 1544-4767, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 201-212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During forensic interviews, eyewitnesses are to retrieve correct information from memory. Cognitive load should be high, leading to risks of giving in to suggestive questions and difficulties in memory retrieval generally. Testifying in a non-native vs. native language may require even more cognitive effort due to the need to inhibit the interference of the native language. Such witnesses may also be more motivated to appear credible because they often belong to ethnic outgroups relative to forensic professionals, risking more scepticism. In this study, Swedish participants (N = 51) reported their memory of a simulated crime event either in English (non-native language) or in Swedish (native language) and were tested for suggestibility and accuracy. Results showed that English-speaking witnesses yielded to more suggestive questions, perceived themselves as less credible but were equally accurate. Results suggest that testifying in a non-native language is taxing cognitive resources, in turn increasing suggestibility and suboptimal memory search.

  • 4.
    Cederborg, Ann-christin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Alm, Charlotta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Da Silva Nises, Djaildes
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Lamb, Michael
    Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Faculty of Politics, Psychology, Sociology, and International Studies University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3RQ, United Kingdom.
    Investigative interviewing of alleged children: an evaluation of a new training program for police officers2011In: 4th Interantional Congress on Psychology and Law. 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Psychology Law and Society, Miami, USA, Mars 2-5 2011., 2011, p. 24-25Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This evaluation focuses on the developing interviewing skills of 103 Swedish police officers who participated in six different courses during the years 2007-2010 built around the NICHD Protocol (Lamb et al., 2008) and the PEACE model (Milne & Bull, 1999). The teaching was interdiciplinary, spanning development psychology, investigative interviewing and law. Most lectures emphasised the attainment of best possible interveiw pracitices. After training, the police officers reduced their use of option-posing questions by two thirds and tripled their use of invitations.

  • 5.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lima da Silva Nises, Djaildes
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Lamb, Michael. E
    Investigative interviewing of alleged child abuse victims: an evaluation of a new training programme for investigative interviewers2013In: Police Practice & Research, ISSN 1561-4263, E-ISSN 1477-271X, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 242-254Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This evaluation focused on the developing interviewing skills of 104 active crimeinvestigators in Sweden who participated in six different half-year courses between 2007 and 2010. The courses emphasised a combined model of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Protocol and the PEACE model of investigative interviewing. The teaching was interdisciplinary. The evaluation involved interviews of 208 children, most of whom were suspected victims of physical abuse. The investigators used two-thirds fewer option-posing questions and three times as many invitations after training as they did before training. These data show that the training was very effective in shaping the interviewers behaviour into better compliance with internationally recognised guidelines.

  • 6. Conroy-Beam, Daniel
    et al.
    Buss, David M.
    Asao, Kelly
    Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Sorokowski, Piotr
    Aavik, Toivo
    Akello, Grace
    Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Amjad, Naumana
    Anjum, Afifa
    Atama, Chiemezie S.
    Duyar, Derya Atamturk
    Ayebare, Richard
    Batres, Carlota
    Bendixen, Mons
    Bensafia, Aicha
    Bizumic, Boris
    Boussena, Mahmoud
    Butovskaya, Marina
    Can, Seda
    Cantarero, Katarzyna
    Carrier, Antonin
    Cetinkaya, Hakan
    Croy, Ilona
    Maria Cueto, Rosa
    Czub, Marcin
    Dronova, Daria
    Dural, Seda
    Duyar, Izzet
    Ertugrul, Berna
    Espinosa, Agustin
    Estevan, Ignacio
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Fang, Luxi
    Frackowiak, Tomasz
    Contreras Garduno, Jorge
    Ugalde Gonzalez, Karina
    Guemaz, Farida
    Gyuris, Petra
    Halamova, Maria
    Herak, Iskra
    Horvat, Marina
    Hromatko, Ivana
    Hui, Chin-Ming
    Jaafar, Jas Laile
    Jiang, Feng
    Kafetsios, Konstantinos
    Kavcic, Tina
    Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen
    Kervyn, Nicolas
    Truong, Thi
    Khilji, Imran Ahmed
    Kobis, Nils C.
    Hoang, Moc
    Lang, Andras
    Lennard, Georgina R.
    Leon, Ernesto
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Trinh, Thi
    Lopez, Giulia
    Van Luot, Nguyen
    Mailhos, Alvaro
    Manesi, Zoi
    Martinez, Rocio
    McKerchar, Sarah L.
    Mesko, Norbert
    Misra, Girishwar
    Monaghan, Conal
    Mora, Emanuel C.
    Moya-Garofano, Alba
    Musil, Bojan
    Natividade, Jean Carlos
    Niemczyk, Agnieszka
    Nizharadze, George
    Oberzaucher, Elisabeth
    Oleszkiewicz, Anna
    Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian
    Onyishi, Ike E.
    Ozener, Baris
    Pagani, Ariela Francesca
    Pakalniskiene, Vilmante
    Parise, Miriam
    Pazhoohi, Farid
    Pisanski, Annette
    Pisanski, Katarzyna
    Ponciano, Edna
    Popa, Camelia
    Prokop, Pavol
    Rizwan, Muhammad
    Sainz, Mario
    Salkicevic, Svjetlana
    Sargautyte, Ruta
    Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan
    Schmehl, Susanne
    Sharad, Shivantika
    Siddiqui, Razi Sultan
    Simonetti, Franco
    Stoyanova, Stanislava Yordanova
    Tadinac, Meri
    Varella, Marco Antonio Correa
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Diego Vega, Luis
    Widarini, Dwi Ajeng
    Yoo, Gyesook
    Zat'kova, Marta
    Zupančič, Maja
    Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries2019In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, article id 16885Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.

  • 7. Conroy-Beam, Daniel
    et al.
    Roney, James R.
    Lukaszewski, Aaron W.
    Buss, David M.
    Asao, Kelly
    Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Sorokowski, Piotr
    Aavik, Toivo
    Akello, Grace
    Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Amjad, Naumana
    Anjum, Afifa
    Atama, Chiemezie S.
    Duyar, Derya Atamturk
    Ayebare, Richard
    Batres, Carlota
    Bendixen, Mons
    Bensafia, Aicha
    Bertoni, Anna
    Bizumic, Boris
    Boussena, Mahmoud
    Butovskaya, Marina
    Can, Seda
    Cantarero, Katarzyna
    Carrier, Antonin
    Cetinkaya, Hakan
    Croy, Ilona
    Maria Cueto, Rosa
    Czub, Marcin
    Donato, Silvia
    Dronova, Daria
    Dural, Seda
    Duyar, Izzet
    Ertugrul, Berna
    Espinosa, Agustin
    Estevan, Ignacio
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Fang, Luxi
    Frackowiak, Tomasz
    Garduno, Jorge Contreras
    Ugalde Gonzalez, Karina
    Guemaz, Farida
    Gyuris, Petra
    Halamova, Maria
    Herak, Iskra
    Horvat, Marina
    Hromatko, Ivana
    Hui, Chin-Ming
    Iafrate, Raffaella
    Jaafar, Jas Laile
    Jiang, Feng
    Kafetsios, Konstantinos
    Kavcic, Tina
    Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen
    Kervyn, Nicolas
    Truong, Thi
    Khilji, Imran Ahmed
    Kobis, Nils C.
    Hoang, Moc
    Lang, Andras
    Lennard, Georgina R.
    Leon, Ernesto
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Trinh, Thi
    Lopez, Giulia
    Nguyen, Van
    Mailhos, Alvaro
    Manesi, Zoi
    Martinez, Rocio
    McKerchar, Sarah L.
    Mesko, Norbert
    Misra, Girishwar
    Monaghan, Conal
    Mora, Emanuel C.
    Moya-Garofano, Alba
    Musil, Bojan
    Natividade, Jean Carlos
    Niemczyk, Agnieszka
    Nizharadze, George
    Oberzaucher, Elisabeth
    Oleszkiewicz, Anna
    Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian
    Onyishi, Ike E.
    Ozener, Baris
    Pagani, Ariela Francesca
    Pakalniskiene, Vilmante
    Parise, Miriam
    Pazhoohi, Farid
    Pisanski, Annette
    Pisanski, Katarzyna
    Ponciano, Edna
    Popa, Camelia
    Prokop, Pavol
    Rizwan, Muhammad
    Sainz, Mario
    Salkicevic, Svjetlana
    Sargautyte, Ruta
    Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan
    Schmehl, Susanne
    Sharad, Shivantika
    Siddiqui, Razi Sultan
    Simonetti, Franco
    Stoyanova, Stanislava Yordanova
    Tadinac, Meri
    Correa Varella, Marco Antonio
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Diego Vega, Luis
    Widarini, Dwi Ajeng
    Yoo, Gyesook
    Zatkova, Marta
    Zupancic, Maja
    Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation2019In: Evolution and human behavior, ISSN 1090-5138, E-ISSN 1879-0607, Vol. 40, no 5, p. 479-491Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mate choice lies dose to differential reproduction, the engine of evolution. Patterns of mate choice consequently have power to direct the course of evolution. Here we provide evidence suggesting one pattern of human mate choice-the tendency for mates to be similar in overall desirability-caused the evolution of a structure of correlations that we call the d factor. We use agent-based models to demonstrate that assortative mating causes the evolution of a positive manifold of desirability, d, such that an individual who is desirable as a mate along any one dimension tends to be desirable across all other dimensions. Further, we use a large cross-cultural sample with n = 14,478 from 45 countries around the world to show that this d-factor emerges in human samples, is a cross-cultural universal, and is patterned in a way consistent with an evolutionary history of assortative mating. Our results suggest that assortative mating can explain the evolution of a broad structure of human trait covariation.

  • 8.
    Durbeej, Natalie
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gumpert, Clara H.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    The possible relevance of psychopathic personality traits for treatment perceptions among Swedish offenders with mental health problems and substance use problems2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Substance abuse is related to re-offending. Substance abuse treatment may be effective in reducing recidivism. Psychopathy, another predictor of re-offending has been found to be negatively associated with utilization of substance abuse treatment. As many of the psychopathic personality traits hypothetically may function as barriers to treatment, the presence of such traits may be relevant for treatment perceptions. Exploring participants’ perspectives on treatment can be useful to improve retention rates.  

    Method: In order to explore treatment perceptions among offenders with mental health problems, substance use problems and various degrees of psychopathic personality traits, in-depth, semi structured interviews were conducted. Twelve males participated in the study. Six participants had a high degree of psychopathic personality traits (26 ≥ points of the PCL-R), referred to as the H-group, whereas the remaining informants had a low degree of such traits (0-5 points of the PCL-R), referred to as the L-group. Interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological analysis (IPA). The analysis resulted in nine themes describing treatment perceptions among the participants.

    Results and Discussion: Some treatment perceptions varied with degree of psychopathic personality traits. For example, H-participants stated that they had difficulties fulfilling treatment requirements whereas L-participants expressed that such requirements were manageable. Also, in contrast to informants of the L-group, members of the H-group stated that they felt inferior towards caregivers and that lack of previous treatment experiences contributed to the outsider-feeling in relation to the treatment system. Such differences in treatment perceptions between the groups may concern the influence of psychopathic personality traits.

    Some treatment perceptions were also similar between the two groups. For instance, both H- and L- participants had experienced positive outcomes of treatment and suggested similar components that should be part of the ideal treatment. Such similarities indicate that degree of psychopathic personality traits may not influence treatment perceptions alone. Instead, the results suggest that the combination of degrees of psychopathic personality traits and other factors, such as treatment experiences, may be relevant for treatment perceptions. The findings illustrate the complexity of the relationship between the individual and the health care system, and may serve as a starting point for further studies on this topic.

  • 9. Durbeej, Natalie
    et al.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Hellner Gumpert, Clara
    Perceptions of treatment among offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use: the possible relevance of psychopathic personality traits2014In: Open Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 2161-7325, E-ISSN 2161-7333, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 79-90Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Substance abuse is related to reoffending, and substance abuse treatment may be effective in reducing criminal recidivism. Psychopathy, however, another factor that strongly correlates with reoffending, may be negatively associated with treatment utilization. This qualitative study explored perceptions of substance abuse treatment among offenders with mental health problems, problematic substance use, and various degrees of psychopathic personality traits. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed that some treatment perceptions may vary with degree of psychopathic traits. For instance, participants with low and high degrees of psychopathic personality traits had different views on treatment requirements imposed upon them. Many treatment perceptions were also similar between the two participant groups. Thus, treatment perceptions may not be explained by degree of psychopathic personality traits alone, but the presence of some particular psychopathic traits may be relevant in explaining certain treatment perceptions. The results highlight the complex relationship between the individual and the treatment system, and may give input to future studies on rehabilitation of offenders with multiple treatment needs.

  • 10. Durbeej, Natalie
    et al.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Gumpert, Clara H.
    Palmstierna, Tom
    Kristiansson, Marianne
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test in a Swedish sample of suspected offenders with signs of mental health problems: results from the Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse and Crime study2010In: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, ISSN 0740-5472, E-ISSN 1873-6483, Vol. 39, no 4, p. 364-377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Substance abuse is common among offenders. One method widely used for the detection of substance abuse is screening. This study explored the concurrent validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) screening tools in relation to (a) substance abuse and dependency diagnoses and (b) three problem severity domains of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index in a sample of 181 suspected offenders with signs of mental health problems. The screening tools showed moderate to high accuracy for identification of dependency diagnoses. The AUDIT was associated with alcohol problem severity, whereas the DUDIT was associated with drug and legal problem severity. Administering the screening tools in the current population yields valid results. However, the suggested cutoff scores should be applied with caution due to the discrepancy between present and previous findings.

  • 11.
    Eriksson, Åsa
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Palmstierna, Tom
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Kristiansson, Marianne
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Gumpert, Clara Hellner
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Offenders with mental health problems and substance misuse: cluster analysis based on the Addiction Severity Index version 6 (ASI-6)2013In: Mental Health and Substance Use, ISSN 1752-3281, E-ISSN 1752-3273, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 15-28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is an urgent need to improve assessment and treatment among offenders with mental health problems and substance misuse (the “triply troubled”). An examination of the usefulness of the recently published Addiction Severity Index version 6 (ASI-6; Cacciola, J.S., Alterman, A.I., Habing, B., & McLellan, A.T. (2011). Recent status scores for version 6 of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6). Addiction, 106, 1588–1602) in classifying offenders with mental health problems and substance misuse was undertaken. A total of 207 offenders with suspect mental disorder and substance misuse about to go through a forensic psychiatric evaluation in Sweden were interviewed with the ASI-6. Data were cluster analyzed. Four distinct clusters emerged: (1) “less troubled” (n=35), (2) “severely triply troubled” (nfl30), (3) “triply troubled with medical problems” (n=52) and (4) “working triply troubled” (n=87). The ASI-6 proved useful in the classification of offenders with mental health problems and substance misuse. The authors suggest that the ASI-6 be used in research on the classification of the triply troubled.

  • 12.
    Gültekin, Raver
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Effects of Eyewitnesses’ Primary Language in Investigative Interviews2023In: ICPS 2023 Brussels: Poster Brochure, Association for Psychological Science , 2023, p. 41-41Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We examined whether an eyewitness memory accuracy and susceptibility to suggestions were affected by whether the testimony was given in a native or non-native language. Results showed no effects of language on memory accuracy or suggestibility. Witnesses testifying in a non-native vs. native language were less confident in their memory.

  • 13.
    Hultman, Elin
    et al.
    Linköpings Universitet.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Cederborg, Ann-Christin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Magnusson, Karin Falth
    Linköpings Universitet.
    Vulnerable children's health as described in investigations of reported children2013In: Child & Family Social Work, ISSN 1356-7500, E-ISSN 1365-2206, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 117-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores whether the social services weigh in health aspects, and what these may be, when investigating reported children's life situation. Information about physical and psychological health aspects for 259 children in 272 investigations was included. Overall, information about children's health was limited. Problematic emotions were the most commonly reported health aspect in the investigations, whereas suicidal thoughts, self-harm behaviour and gastrointestinal and renal diseases were mentioned least of all. A cluster analysis revealed that the low level of health information group included the largest sample of data and consisted of investigations with minimal information about children's health. The three other cluster groups, Neurological diseases and psychosomatic symptoms, Emotional health and Physical and psychological health and destructive behaviour, consisted of investigations conducted mostly according to the model called Children's Needs In Focus (BBIC, in Swedish, Barns Behov i Centrum). Although these investigations also produced limited information, they provided more than those assessed as having a low level of information about health aspects. The conclusion is that it is necessary to increase information about health aspects in investigations if social welfare systems are to be able to fulfil their ambition of supporting vulnerable children's need of health care.

  • 14. Kowal, Marta
    et al.
    Sorokowski, Piotr
    Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Dobrowolska, Malgorzata
    Pisanski, Katarzyna
    Oleszkiewicz, Anna
    Aavik, Toivo
    Akello, Grace
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Amjad, Naumana
    Anjum, Afifa
    Asao, Kelly
    Atama, Chiemezie S.
    Atamturk Duyar, Derya
    Ayebare, Richard
    Bendixen, Mons
    Bensafia, Aicha
    Bizumic, Boris
    Boussena, Mahmoud
    Buss, David M.
    Butovskaya, Marina
    Can, Seda
    Cantarero, Katarzyna
    Carrier, Antonin
    Cetinkaya, Hakan
    Conroy-Beam, Daniel
    Varella, Marco A. C.
    Cueto, Rosa M.
    Czub, Marcin
    Dronova, Daria
    Dural, Seda
    Duyar, Izzet
    Ertugrul, Berna
    Espinosa, Agustin
    Estevan, Ignacio
    Esteves, Carla S.
    Frackowiak, Tomasz
    Contreras-Graduno, Jorge
    Guemaz, Farida
    Hromatko, Ivana
    Hui, Chin-Ming
    Herak, Iskra
    Jaafar, Jas L.
    Jiang, Feng
    Kafetsios, Konstantinos
    Kavcic, Tina
    Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen
    Kervyn, Nicolas
    Kobis, Nils C.
    Lang, Andras
    Lennard, Georgina R.
    Leon, Ernesto
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lopez, Giulia
    Madallh Alhabahba, Mohammad
    Mailhos, Alvaro
    Manesi, Zoi
    Martinez, Rocio
    McKerchar, Sarah L.
    Mesko, Norbert
    Misra, Girishwar
    Moc Lan, Hoang
    Monaghan, Conal
    Mora, Emanuel C.
    Moya Garofano, Alba
    Musil, Bojan
    Natividade, Jean C.
    Nizharadze, George
    Oberzaucher, Elisabeth
    Omar Fauzee, Mohd S.
    Onyishi, Ike E.
    Ozener, Baris
    Pagani, Ariela F.
    Pakalniskiene, Vilmante
    Parise, Miriam
    Pazhoohi, Farid
    Perun, Mariia
    Pisanski, Annette
    Plohl, Nejc
    Popa, Camelia
    Prokop, Pavol
    Rizwan, Muhammad
    Sainz, Mario
    Salkicevic, Svjetlana
    Sargautyte, Ruta
    Schmehl, Susanne
    Senyk, Oksana
    Shaikh, Rizwana
    Sharad, Shivantika
    Simonetti, Franco
    Tadinac, Meri
    Thi Khanh Ha, Truong
    Thi Linh, Trinh
    Ugalde Gonzalez, Karina
    Van Luot, Nguyen
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Vega, Luis D.
    Yoo, Gyesook
    Yordanova Stoyanova, Stanislava
    Zadeh, Zainab F.
    Zupancic, Maja
    Reasons for Facebook Usage: Data From 46 Countries2020In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 11, article id 711Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Seventy-nine percent of internet users use Facebook, and on average they access Facebook eight times a day (Greenwood et al., 2016). To put these numbers into perspective, according to Clement (2019), around 30% of the world's population uses this Online Social Network (OSN) site.

    Despite the constantly growing body of academic research on Facebook (Chou et al., 2009; Back et al., 2010; Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; McAndrew and Jeong, 2012; Wilson et al., 2012; Krasnova et al., 2017), there remains limited research regarding the motivation behind Facebook use across different cultures. Our main goal was to collect data from a large cross-cultural sample of Facebook users to examine the roles of sex, age, and, most importantly, cultural differences underlying Facebook use.

  • 15.
    Lindholm, Johanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Cederborg, Ann-christin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Child and Youth Studies.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Adolescent girls exploited in the sex trade: informativeness and evasiveness in investigative interviews2015In: Police Practice & Research, ISSN 1561-4263, E-ISSN 1477-271X, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 197-210Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores the informativeness of 24 adolescents exploited in sex trade in Sweden when they were interviewed by police officers about their experiences. The questions and responses were analysed using coding types developed for research on forensic interviews. Qualitative analyses of the questions resulting in evasive responses and the court files were also done. The findings show that the adolescents were informative yet evasive, specifically when asked open questions. Experiences of violence and interviews conducted soon after the police intervention may result in higher levels of evasiveness. Concurrently, evasiveness seems to be intimately connected to unique circumstances in each case.

  • 16.
    Raver, Arman
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Gustafsson, Philip U.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Memory accuracy, suggestibility and credibility in investigative interviews with native and non-native eyewitnesses2023In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 14, article id 1240822Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Legal practitioners sometimes obtain eyewitness testimonies from non-native language speakers, yet few studies examine the effects of language in investigative interviews. Here, we investigate how testifying in a non-native vs. native language affects memory accuracy, susceptibility to suggestions, and witnesses perceived credibility. After viewing a mock-crime film, participants in Study 1 (N = 121) testified through (1) free recall, (2) cued recall and (3) the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales adapted to the crime scenario used in the present study either in their native (Swedish) or a non-native (English) language. They also rated their confidence in their memories, self-perceived credibility and cognitive effort. Native and non-native witnesses did not differ in memory accuracy, susceptibility to suggestions, self-rated credibility or cognitive effort. Non-native (vs. native) speakers did however report lower confidence in their memories. In Study 2, another group of participants (N = 202) were presented with the testimonies from Study 1, and judged witnesses' credibility. Non-native witnesses were judged as less credible than native speakers. Thus, while the lower confidence exhibited by non-native eyewitnesses did not correspond to their actual memory accuracy, it influenced observers' judgments of their performance. The results provide important knowledge for legal practices when evaluating the reliability of testimonies from non-native vs. native speaking eyewitnesses.

  • 17. Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Croy, Ilona
    Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world2023In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, article id 5497Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.

  • 18. Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Saluja, Supreet
    Sorokowski, Piotr
    Frąckowiak, Tomasz
    Karwowski, Maciej
    Aavik, Toivo
    Akello, Grace
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Amjad, Naumana
    Anjum, Afifa
    Asao, Kelly
    Atama, Chiemezie S.
    Atamtürk Duyar, Derya
    Ayebare, Richard
    Batres, Carlota
    Bendixen, Mons
    Bensafia, Aicha
    Bizumic, Boris
    Boussena, Mahmoud
    Buss, David M.
    Butovskaya, Marina
    Can, Seda
    Cantarero, Katarzyna
    Carrier, Antonin
    Cetinkaya, Hakan
    Chabin, Dominika
    Conroy-Beam, Daniel
    Contreras-Graduño, Jorge
    Varella, Marco Antonio Correa
    Cueto, Rosa María
    Czub, Marcin
    Dronova, Daria
    Dural, Seda
    Duyar, Izzet
    Ertugrul, Berna
    Espinosa, Agustín
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Guemaz, Farida
    Hal'amova, Maria
    Herak, Iskra
    Hromatko, Ivana
    Hui, Chin-Ming
    Jaafar, Jas Laile
    Jiang, Feng
    Kafetsios, Konstantinos
    Kavcic, Tina
    Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen
    Kervyn, Nicolas O.
    Khilji, Imran Ahmed
    Köbis, Nils C.
    Kostic, Aleksandra
    Láng, András
    Lennard, Georgina R.
    León, Ernesto
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lopez, Giulia
    Manesi, Zoi
    Martinez, Rocio
    McKerchar, Sarah L.
    Meskó, Norbert
    Misra, Girishwar
    Monaghan, Conal
    Mora, Emanuel C.
    Moya-Garofano, Alba
    Musil, Bojan
    Natividade, Jean Carlos
    Nizharadze, George
    Oberzaucher, Elisabeth
    Oleszkiewicz, Anna
    Onyishi, Ike Ernest
    Özener, Baris
    Pagani, Ariela Francesca
    Pakalniskiene, Vilmante
    Parise, Miriam
    Pazhoohi, Farid
    Pejičić, Marija
    Pisanski, Annette
    Pisanski, Katarzyna
    Plohl, Nejc
    Popa, Camelia
    Prokop, Pavol
    Rizwan, Muhammad
    Sainz, Mario
    Salkičević, Svjetlana
    Sargautyte, Ruta
    Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan
    Schmehl, Susanne
    Shahid, Anam
    Shaikh, Rizwana
    Sharad, Shivantika
    Siddiqui, Razi Sultan
    Simonetti, Franco
    Tadinac, Meri
    Ugalde González, Karina
    Uhryn, Olga
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Vega Araya, Luis Diego
    Widarini, Dwi Ajeng
    Yoo, Gyesook
    Zadeh, Zainab Fotowwat
    Zaťková, Marta
    Zupančič, Maja
    Croy, Ilona
    Affective Interpersonal Touch in Close Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Perspective2021In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, ISSN 0146-1672, E-ISSN 1552-7433, Vol. 47, no 12, p. 1705-1721Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.

  • 19. Sorokowski, Piotr
    et al.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries2023In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 773Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.

  • 20. Sorokowski, Piotr
    et al.
    Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Karwowski, Maciej
    Groyecka, Agata
    Aavik, Toivo
    Akello, Grace
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Amjad, Naumana
    Anjum, Afifa
    Asao, Kelly
    Atama, Chiemezie S.
    Atamturk Duyar, Derya
    Ayebare, Richard
    Batres, Carlota
    Bendixen, Mons
    Bensafia, Aicha
    Bizumic, Boris
    Boussena, Mahmoud
    Buss, David M.
    Butovskaya, Marina
    Can, Seda
    Cantarero, Katarzyna
    Carrier, Antonin
    Cetinkaya, Hakan
    Chabin, Dominika
    Conroy-Beam, Daniel
    Croy, Ilona
    Cueto, Rosa Maria
    Czub, Marcin
    Dronova, Daria
    Dural, Seda
    Duyar, Izzet
    Ertugrul, Berna
    Espinosa, Agustin
    Estevan, Ignacio
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Frackowiak, Tomasz
    Contreras Graduno, Jorge
    Guemaz, Farida
    Ha Thu, Tran
    Halamova, Maria
    Herak, Iskra
    Horvat, Marina
    Hromatko, Ivana
    Hui, Chin-Ming
    Jaafar, Jas Laile
    Jiang, Feng
    Kafetsios, Konstantinos
    Kavcic, Tina
    Ottesen Kennair, Leif Edward
    Kervyn, Nicolas
    Kobis, Nils C.
    Kostic, Aleksandra
    Krasnodebska, Anna
    Lang, Andras
    Lennard, Georgina R.
    Leon, Ernesto
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lopez, Gulia
    Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh
    Mailhos, Alvaro
    Manesi, Zoi
    Martinez, Rocio
    Sainz Martinez, Mario
    McKerchar, Sarah L.
    Mesko, Norbert
    Misra, Girishwar
    Monaghan, Conal
    Mora, Emanuel C.
    Moya-Garofano, Alba
    Musil, Bojan
    Natividade, Jean Carlos
    Nizharadze, George
    Oberzaucher, Elisabeth
    Oleszkiewicz, Anna
    Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Omar
    Onyishi, Ike E.
    Ozener, Baris
    Pagani, Ariela Francesca
    Pakalniskiene, Vilmante
    Parise, Miriam
    Pawlowski, Boguslaw
    Pazhoohi, Farid
    Pejicic, Marija
    Pisanski, Annette
    Pisanski, Katarzyna
    Plohl, Nejc
    Ponciano, Edna
    Popa, Camelia
    Prokop, Pavol
    Przepiorka, Aneta
    Lam, Truong Quang
    Rizwan, Muhammad
    Rozycka-Tran, Joanna
    Salkicevic, Svjetlana
    Sargautyte, Ruta
    Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan
    Schmehl, Susanne
    Shahid, Anam
    Shaikh, Rizwana
    Sharad, Shivantika
    Simonetti, Franco
    Tadinac, Meri
    Ha, Truong Thi Khanh
    Ugalde Gonzalez, Karina
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Vega, Luis Diego
    Widarini, Dwi Ajeng
    Wojciszke, Bogdan
    Yoo, Gyesook
    Fotowwat Zadeh, Zainab
    Zatkova, Marta
    Zupancic, Maja
    Sternberg, Robert J.
    Universality of the Triangular Theory of Love: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Triangular Love Scale in 25 Countries2021In: Journal of Sex Research, ISSN 0022-4499, E-ISSN 1559-8519, Vol. 58, no 1, p. 106-115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love.

  • 21.
    Tärnfalk, Michael
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Social worker motivations and organisational prerequisites for care of children who commit crimes – the best interests of the child or the protection of society?: [Socialarbetares skilda motiv och organisatoriska förutsättningar för vård av barn som begår brott – Barnets bästa eller samhällets skydd?]2021In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 21-33Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish juvenile justice system’s placing of children aged 15–17 under one roof in Secure Youth Care institutions presents a dilemma for social work officers attempting to resolve delinquency cases in the best interests of the child. Retrospective interviews were conducted in 2015 and mainly in Stockholm County with six professional social services officers (SSOs). The data were processed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), social science theory, relevant law, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and material from the National Board of Health and Welfare. Main results show that SSOs were concerned about the risk of faulty assessments, the inadequacy of methods and insufficient attention being paid to relevant scientific knowledge. All in all, the task of protecting the child vis-à-vis protecting society becomes a major challenge in an institution where there is no clear line of demarcation between punishment and care and rehabilitation efforts. Sweden’s ambition to incorporate the CRC into Swedish law requires more focused education of personnel and national guidelines concerning the best interests of the child, as well as the allocation of more adequate resources to allow for more time with each client.

  • 22. Walter, Kathryn
    et al.
    Conroy-Beam, Daniel
    Buss, David M.
    Asao, Kelly
    Sorokowska, Agnieszka
    Sorokowski, Piotr
    Aavik, Toivo
    Akello, Grace
    Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Amjad, Naumana
    Anjum, Afifa
    Atama, Chiemezie S.
    Duyar, Derya Atamturk
    Ayebare, Richard
    Batres, Carlota
    Bendixen, Mons
    Bensafia, Aicha
    Bizumic, Boris
    Boussena, Mahmoud
    Butovskaya, Marina
    Can, Seda
    Cantarero, Katarzyna
    Carrier, Antonin
    Cetinkaya, Hakan
    Croy, Ilona
    Cueto, Rosa Maria
    Czub, Marcin
    Dronova, Daria
    Dural, Seda
    Duyar, Izzet
    Ertugrul, Berna
    Espinosa, Agustin
    Estevan, Ignacio
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Fang, Luxi
    Frackowiak, Tomasz
    Contreras Garduno, Jorge
    Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde
    Guemaz, Farida
    Gyuris, Petra
    Halamova, Maria
    Herak, Iskra
    Horvat, Marina
    Hromatko, Ivana
    Hui, Chin-Ming
    Jaafar, Jas Laile
    Jiang, Feng
    Kafetsios, Konstantinos
    Kavcic, Tina
    Ottesen Kennair, Leif Edward
    Kervyn, Nicolas
    Truong, Thi
    Khilji, Imran Ahmed
    Kobis, Nils C.
    Lan, Hoang Moc
    Lang, Andras
    Lennard, Georgina R.
    Leon, Ernesto
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Trinh, Thi
    Lopez, Giulia
    Nguyen, Van
    Mailhos, Alvaro
    Manesi, Zoi
    Martinez, Rocio
    McKerchar, Sarah L.
    Mesko, Norbert
    Misra, Girishwar
    Monaghan, Conal
    Mora, Emanuel C.
    Moya-Garofano, Alba
    Musil, Bojan
    Natividade, Jean Carlos
    Niemczyk, Agnieszka
    Nizharadze, George
    Oberzaucher, Elisabeth
    Oleszkiewicz, Anna
    Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian
    Onyishi, Ike E.
    Ozener, Baris
    Pagani, Ariela Francesca
    Pakalniskiene, Vilmante
    Parise, Miriam
    Pazhoohi, Farid
    Pisanski, Annette
    Pisanski, Katarzyna
    Ponciano, Edna
    Popa, Camelia
    Prokop, Pavol
    Rizwan, Muhammad
    Sainz, Mario
    Salkicevic, Svjetlana
    Sargautyte, Ruta
    Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan
    Schmehl, Susanne
    Sharad, Shivantika
    Siddiqui, Razi Sultan
    Simonetti, Franco
    Stoyanova, Stanislava Yordanova
    Tadinac, Meri
    Correa Varella, Marco Antonio
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Vega, Luis Diego
    Widarini, Dwi Ajeng
    Yoo, Gyesook
    Zat'kova, Marta
    Zupancic, Maja
    Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication2020In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 408-423Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.

  • 23. Walter, Kathryn V.
    et al.
    Alm, Charlotte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Lindholm, Torun
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology.
    Zupančič, Maja
    Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratios2021In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 288, no 1955, article id 20211115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries (n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.

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