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  • 1. Freitas, André
    et al.
    Peña, Carlos
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology. Zoologisk ekologi.
    Description of genus Guaianaza for "Euptychia" pronophila (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages2006In: Zootaxa, ISSN 1175-5326, E-ISSN 1175-5334, Vol. 1163, p. 49-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The satyrine Euptychia pronophila Butler (Nymphalidae) was described in 1867 in the “catch-all” genus Euptychia, but was recently treated as incertae sedis. A DNA-based cladistic analysis confirms that it belongs to the Euptychiina, as sister to Forsterinaria and closely related to Taygetis, Posttaygetis, Parataygetis, Pseudodebis, and Harjesia. Although immature morphology also suggests that this species is closely related to Forsterinaria, none of the adult morphological synapomorphies for the genera in the aforementioned clade occur in E. pronophila, a highly autapomorphic species. Because we were unable to place it with confidence in an established genus, the monotypic satyrine genus Guaianaza Freitas & Peña New Genus is described, with Euptychia pronophila Butler as the type species

  • 2.
    Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Peña, Carlos
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Braby, Michael F.
    Grund, Roger
    Müller, Chris J.
    Nylin, Sören
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Wahlberg, Niklas
    Phylogenetics of Coenonymphina (Nymphalidae Satyrinae) and the problem of rooting rapid radiations2010In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, ISSN 1055-7903, E-ISSN 1095-9513, Vol. 54, no 2, p. 386-394Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a rapid radiation of a group of butterflies within the family Nymphalidae and examine some aspects of popular analytical methods in dealing with rapid radiations. We attempted to infer the phylogeny of butterflies belonging to the subtribe Coenonymphina sensu lato using five genes (4398bp) with Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Initial analyses suggested that the group has undergone rapid speciation within Australasia. We further analyzed the dataset with different outgroup combinations the choice of which had a profound effect on relationships within the ingroup. Modelling methods recovered Coenonymphina as a monophyletic group to the exclusion of Zipaetis and Orsotriaena, irrespective of outgroup combination. Maximum Parsimony occasionally returned a polyphyletic Coenonymphina, with Argyronympha grouping with outgroups, but this was strongly dependent on the outgroups used. We analyzed the ingroup without any outgroups and found that the relationships inferred among taxa were different from those inferred when either of the outgroup combinations was used, and this was true for all methods. We also tested whether a hard polytomy is a better hypothesis to explain our dataset, but could not find conclusive evidence. We therefore conclude that the major lineages within Coenonymphina form a near-hard polytomy with regard to each other. The study highlights the importance of testing different outgroups rather than using results from a single outgroup combination of a few taxa, particularly in difficult cases where basal nodes appear to receive low support. We provide a revised classification of Coenonymphina; Zipaetis and Orsotriaena are transferred to the tribe Eritina.

  • 3.
    Peña, Carlos
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Evolutionary history of the butterfly subfamily Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)2009Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    I present an overview of the evolutionary history of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). By using Bayesian and cladistic methods, I develop a phylogenetic hypothesis as a basis for studying the evolutionary history of the group. After estimating ages of origin and diversification for clades of interest, I show evidence for a radiation of a highly species-rich group of grass feeders in Satyrinae —the tribe Satyrini— which explains in part the high diversity of this group. The timing of diversification for Satyrini butterflies coincided with the spread of grasses throughout the globe, which was followed by spread of the butterflies and colonization of new emerging habitats made available by the change in global climate during the Oligocene that facilitated the spread of grasses. Such a dispersal of Satyrinae was the result of a habitat shift from closed, forested environments into open, grasslands and savannas, which became increasinly common since the Oligocene. Such dispersal of Satyrinae was facilitated by the appearance of geographic bridges that permitted ancestral migrations from the Palaearctic into North America and from North to South America, such as the continuous forest belt of Beringia (at 31 Mya and 14–10 Mya) and the temporary GAARlandia landspan (during 35–33 Mya). Thus, I show that the Satyrinae butterflies are such a highly diverse and distributed worldwide group of organisms thanks to many factors that were of crucial importance in their evolution. Intrisic factors such as evolution of adaptive traits and phylogenetic constrains, as well as exogenous contingencies such as climate change and geological events. Thus, in this thesis I show strong evidence that Satyrinae is so species-rich because they were able to feed on grasses, escape from living in dicotyledonous forests and start inhabiting grasslands and savannas.

  • 4.
    Peña, Carlos
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology. Zoologisk ekologi.
    Lamas, Gerardo
    Revision of the butterfly genus Forsterinaria Gray, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)2005In: Revista peruana de Biología, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 5-48Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A taxonomic review of the Neotropical satyrine butterfly genus Forsterinaria Gray is presented herein, including a discussion of the classification and geographical distribution of its component species, illustrations of the adults of all taxa and the male genitalia of all species, and descriptions of 12 new species and two new subspecies: Forsterinaria antje sp. n., F. coipa sp. n., F. enjuerma sp. n., F. falcata sp. n., F. guaniloi sp. n., F. itatiaia sp. n., F. pallida sp. n., F. pallida aurita ssp. n., F. pichita sp. n., F. pilosa sp. n., F. punctata sp. n., F. pyrczi sp. n., F. rotunda sp. n., and F. rustica glendita ssp. n. Euptychia stelligera Butler, and E. fabiana Butler are sunk as synonyms (syn. n.) of Forsterinaria quantius (Godart). Euptychia magdalena Hayward, and E. pseudonecys Strand are sunk as synonyms (syn. n.) of F. inornata (C. Felder & R. Felder), and F. necys (Godart), respectively. Lectotypes are designated for 14 nominal taxa. A total of 23 species are recognized. A key for the identification of all taxa is presented

  • 5.
    Peña, Carlos
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology.
    Nylin, Sören
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology.
    Freitas, A.V.L.
    Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
    Wahlberg, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology.
    Biogeographic history of the subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)2010In: Zoologica Scripta, ISSN 0300-3256, E-ISSN 1463-6409, Vol. 39, p. 243-258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The diverse butterfly subtribe Euptychiina was thought to be restricted to the Americas. However, there is mounting evidence for the Oriental Palaeonympha opalina being part of Euptychiina and thus a disjunct distribution between it (in eastern Asia) and its sister taxon (in eastern North America). Such a disjunct distribution in both eastern Asia and eastern North America has never been reported for any butterfly taxon. We used 4447 bp of DNA sequences from one mitochondrial gene and four nuclear genes for 102 Euptychiina taxa to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis of the subtribe, estimate dates of origin and diversifica- tion for major clades and perform a biogeographic analysis. Euptychiina originated 31 Ma in South America. Early Euptychiina dispersed from North to South America via the tem- porary connection known as GAARlandia during Eocene–Oligocene times. The current disjunct distribution of the Oriental Palaeonympha opalina is the result of a northbound dis- persal of a lineage from South America into eastern Asia via North America. The common ancestor of Palaeonympha and its sister taxon Megisto inhabited the continuous forest belt across North Asia and North America, which was connected by Beringia. The closure of this connection caused the split between Palaeonympha and Megisto around 13 Ma and the severe extinctions in western North America because of the climatic changes of the Late Miocene (from 13.5 Ma onwards) resulted in the classic ‘eastern Asia and eastern North America’ disjunct distribution.

  • 6.
    Peña, Carlos
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Nylin, Sören
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Wahlberg, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods2011In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, ISSN 0024-4082, E-ISSN 1096-3642, Vol. 161, no 1, p. 64-87Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have inferred the most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis to date of butterflies in the tribe Satyrini. In order to obtain a hypothesis of relationships, we used maximum parsimony and model-based methods with 4435 bp of DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes for 179 taxa (130 genera and eight out-groups). We estimated dates of origin and diversification for major clades, and performed a biogeographic analysis using a dispersal–vicariance framework, in order to infer a scenario of the biogeographical history of the group. We found long-branch taxa that affected the accuracy of all three methods. Moreover, different methods produced incongruent phylogenies. We found that Satyrini appeared around 42 Mya in either the Neotropical or the Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, and/or Indo-Australian regions, and underwent a quick radiation between 32 and 24 Mya, during which time most of its component subtribes originated. Several factors might have been important for the diversification of Satyrini: the ability to feed on grasses; early habitat shift into open, non-forest habitats; and geographic bridges, which permitted dispersal over marine barriers, enabling the geographic expansions of ancestors to new environ- ments that provided opportunities for geographic differentiation, and diversificatio

  • 7.
    Peña, Carlos
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Wahlberg, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies2008In: Biology Letters, ISSN 1744-9561, E-ISSN 1744-957X, Vol. 4, p. 274-278Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Peña, Carlos
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Wahlberg, Niklas
    Weingartner, Elisabet
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Nylin, Sören
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data2006In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, ISSN 1055-7903, E-ISSN 1095-9513, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 29-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have inferred the first empirically supported hypothesis of relationships for the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Satyrinae. We used 3090 base pairs of DNA from the mitochondrial gene COI and the nuclear genes EF-1alpha and wingless for 165 Satyrinae taxa representing 4 tribes and 15 subtribes, and 26 outgroups, in order to test the monophyly of the subfamily and elucidate phylogenetic relationships of its major lineages. In a combined analysis, the three gene regions supported an almost fully resolved topology, which recovered Satyrinae as polyphyletic, and revealed that the current classification of suprageneric taxa within the subfamily is comprised almost completely of unnatural assemblages. The most noteworthy findings are that Manataria is closely related to Melanitini; Palaeonympha belongs to Euptychiina; Oressinoma, Orsotriaena and Coenonympha group with the Hypocystina; Miller's (1968). Parargina is polyphyletic and its components group with multiple distantly related lineages; and the subtribes Elymniina and Zetherina fall outside the Satyrinae. The three gene regions used in a combined analysis prove to be very effective in resolving relationships of Satyrinae at the subtribal and tribal levels. Further sampling of the taxa closely related to Satyrinae, as well as more extensive sampling of genera within the tribes and subtribes for this group will be critical to test the monophyly of the subfamily and establish a stronger basis for future biogeographical and evolutionary studies.

  • 9. Pulido, Hannier
    et al.
    Andrade, Gonzalo
    Peña, Carlos
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology.
    Lamas, Gerardo
    Two new taxa of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Andes of Colombia and Peru2011In: Zootaxa, ISSN 1175-5326, E-ISSN 1175-5334, no 2906, p. 43-51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a new species and a new subspecies of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 from Colombia and Peru: E. cesarense Pulido, Andrade, Peña & Lamas n. sp. and E. cesarense viloriai Andrade, Pulido, Peña & Lamas n. ssp. This new species resem- bles E. enyo Butler, 1867 and E. rufocincta Weymer, 1911 but shows clear differences in the wing markings, ocellus pat- tern and the male genitalia morphology. The new subspecies can be distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies described herein by differences in wing pattern coloration. The nominate subspecies occurs in northern Colombia, and E. c. viloriai is known from eastern Peru.

  • 10. Wahlberg, Niklas
    et al.
    Leneveu, Julien
    Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Peña, Carlos
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Nylin, Sören
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Freitas, André V L
    Brower, Andrew V Z
    Nymphalid butterflies diversify following near demise at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.2009In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 276, no 1677, p. 4295-4302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The butterfly family Nymphalidae contains some of the most important non-drosophilid insect model systems for evolutionary and ecological studies, yet the evolutionary history of the group has remained shrouded in mystery. We have inferred a robust phylogenetic hypothesis based on sequences of 10 genes and 235 morphological characters for exemplars of 400 of the 540 valid nymphalid genera representing all major lineages of the family. By dating the branching events, we infer that Nymphalidae originated in the Cretaceous at 90 Ma, but that the ancestors of 10-12 lineages survived the end-Cretaceous catastrophe in the Neotropical and Oriental regions. Patterns of diversification suggest extinction of lineages at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (65 Ma) and subsequent elevated speciation rates in the Tertiary.

  • 11. Wahlberg, Niklas
    et al.
    Peña, Carlos
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology. Zoologisk ekologi.
    A Dominican Republic sojourn2007In: News of the Lepidopterists' Society, Vol. 49, no 1, p. 12-15, 37Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
1 - 11 of 11
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