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  • 1.
    Andersson, Birger
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Towards a formal definition of goal-oriented business process patterns2005In: Business Process Management Journal, ISSN 1463-7154, E-ISSN 1758-4116, Vol. 11, no 6, p. 650-662Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – Organizations of today are becoming ever more focused on their business processes. This has resulted in an increasing interest in using best practices for business process re-engineering. Two problems arise in connection to using best practices: how to find a best practice that suits particular purposes, and how to ensure that the process from the best practice has the same nature as the process under re-engineering. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.

    Design/methodology/approach – The paper suggests using business process patterns, i.e. relatively high level business process models, for making near formal comparison of business processes. The paper analyzes widespread modeling techniques to find out which of them suits the task of building patterns for comparison. Based on this analysis, the state-flow modeling technique is chosen and first steps towards formal definition of business process patterns based on this technique are suggested.

    Findings – A pattern is defined based on the notions of state space, goal, as a surface in the state space, and valid movements towards the goal. A thinkable procedure of constructing patterns is demonstrated on two real-life examples. A hypothetical procedure for comparing process is suggested but it still needs to be verified in practice.

    Originality/value – The originality of the paper is the way the patterns are formulated and the underlying model, the state-flow view of processes, upon which the patterns are founded.

  • 2. Bednar, Peter
    et al.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Selected Topics on Socio-technical Perspective in Information Systems: Editorial Introduction to Issue 18 of CSIMQ2019In: Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly (CSIMQ), E-ISSN 2255-9922, no 18, p. I-II, article id 102Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thematic issue of the Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly journal is dedicated to using a socio-technical perspective in the Information Systems (IS) field. It contains a selection of extended papers presented at STPIS'18 – 4th International Workshop on Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development held on June 12, 2018 in Tallinn, Estonia. The articles presented in this thematic issue contain at least 30% new material compared to the initial papers. After the extension, all articles went through two rounds of reviews to ensure the quality of the papers published in this issue. STPIS papers cover both theoretical and practical aspects of using a socio-technical perspective in IS, which is reflected in the current issue that contains both theoretically and practically oriented papers.

  • 3.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Adequacy of business process modelling approaches2010In: Handbook of research on complex dynamic process management: techniques for adaptability in turbulent environments / [ed] Minhong Wang, Zhaohao Sun, Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference , 2010Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Agile Research in Information Systems Field: Analysis from Knowledge Transformation Perspective2015In: Proceedings of the 8th IADIS International Conference on Information Systems 2015 / [ed] Miguel Baptista Nunes, Pedro Isaías, Philip Powell, IADIS Press, 2015, p. 3-10Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the relative success of agile methods in software development, the idea of having agile processes started to be tested in other areas, for example, agile business process development. This trend already reached the research community and there have appeared some materials that suggest using agility in research projects. Analysis of these suggestions, however, shows that they do not go beyond finding superficial analogy between the concepts of the software development and research projects. The paper presents a deeper analysis of the concept of agile research in Information Systems (IS) based on the analysis of the research projects from the knowledge transformation perspective. As a basis for analysis, the SECI model of Nonaka is used. Based on this analysis, several suggestions are made on how to conduct agile research in IS, e.g. prioritize relevance over vigor, test early for a practical purpose, use own experience and reflections, etc. It is also shown that some research types, like action research and design science, are more suitable for conducting agile research than others. The paper also gives analysis of risks of non-agile research, and presents an example where they are revealed.    

  • 5.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Analysis of Agile Software Development from the Knowledge Transformation Perspective2014In: Perspectives in business informatics research: 13th International Conference, BIR 2014, Lund, Sweden, September 22-24, 2014. Proceedings / [ed] Björn Johansson, Berlin: Springer, 2014, p. 143-157Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While the Agile Software Development (ASD) has been successfully promoted in the last 15 years, there is no agreement on how to determine whether a particular project is agile or not. Some practitioners consider agility as strict usage of a specific methodology, e.g. SCRUM, others consider agility as adhering to Agile Manifesto. The lack of common view on ASD prevents creating common guidelines on when the usage of ASD is appropriate. This paper presents a model of ASD that helps to differentiate it from the traditional, phase-based development, and more strictly defines the area of its applicability. The model has been built based on the knowledge transformation perspective, as the author considers it to be the most differentiating perspective when comparing ASD to traditional software development. For building the model, the ideas from SECI model of Nonaka have been exploited. The results, in the form of requirements to be fulfilled for successful employment of ASD, are demonstrated through analysis of completed ASD projects.

  • 6.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Analyzing communication capabilities of CM/ACM systems with the help of Language/Action perspective2015In: Thriving on Adaptability: best practices for knowledge workers, Lighthouse Point: Future Strategies Inc. , 2015, p. 88-99Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Business Process Canvas and its Usage in IS Teaching And Learning: Tutorial2019In: Proceedings of the 12th IADIS International Conference Information Systems 2019 / [ed] Miguel Baptista Nunes, Pedro Isaías, Philip Powell, Pascal Ravesteijn, Guido Ongena, IADIS Press, 2019, p. xiv-xviConference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The tutorial introduces a new type of canvas called Business Process Canvas (BPC), and discusses experience of its usage in an IS course related to Business Process Modeling/Management (BPM). BPC represents a model of a business process in a nutshell that covers the most important aspects of the process, including its place in the organization, resources that it uses, and how it is driven. The canvas could be used in practice for decision making on a higher level when particular details are not important for the decision. It can also be used by process mapping experts for a pre-modeling phase to gather and systematize basic data about the process before diving into details; this could be especially useful for new, less experience process modelers. However, the primary motivation behind the development of BPC was to have a tool that facilitates both the students' understanding of the concepts related to BPM and their learning of how to model a process given a text description, or interviewing people engaged in the process. The tutorial introduces the structure of the canvas, discusses the experience of its usage, and devotes some time for exercises where the participants fill the canvas based on process descriptions.

  • 8.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Can the systems perspective help in attaining success in software engineering projects? Inquiry into the area of applicability for agile software development2015In: Software Engineering in the Systems Context: addressing frontiers, practice and education. / [ed] Ivar Jacobson, Harold "Bud" Lawson, London: College Publications, 2015, no 1, p. 423-466Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is devoted to finding out whether employing the systems perspective can help in converting the tacit knowledge of expert software engineers into an explicit form to be transferred to novices and non-technical stakeholders of the software projects. It suggests a simple framework, dubbed SPC, that is based on distinguishing three interconnected systems involved in a software development projects: the software itself (S), the software project (P), and the context in which the software is or to be deployed (C). The usefulness of the framework is demonstrated on using SPC for determining the area of applicability of the agile software development. This is accomplished by building models of traditional and agile software development projects and analyzing the properties of these models. The models are built based on the knowledge transformation perspective, as the author considers it to be the most differentiating perspective between the agile and traditional software development. For building the models, the ideas from SECI model of Nonaka have been used. In addition, the paper presents some ideas on how the SPC framework can be used for analyzing other issues related to software development.

  • 9.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Fractal Enterprise Model and its Usage for Business Model Innovation: Tutorial2018In: Proceedings of the 11th IADIS International Conference Information Systems 2018 / [ed] Miguel Baptista Nunes, Pedro Isaias, Philip Powell, IADIS Press, 2018, p. xvi-xviiiConference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This tutorial introduces a new type of enterprise models called Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM), and its usage for industry level Business Model Innovation. The latter means starting a business that is different from the one already run by the enterprise. A FEM model connects enterprise's business processes with its assets revealing existing assets that can be used in a new business model. The assets can be human-related or infrastructure related, including various IT systems that support the business. A new business model is built by finding another usage for already existing assets; it can be a technologically based transformation, or a human capital based transformation, or both.

  • 10.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Functional Decomposition of a Socio-Technical System: What is Missing?2015In: STPIS 2015: Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development: Proceedings / [ed] Stewart Kowalski, Peter Bednar, Ilia Bider, CEUR-WS.org , 2015, p. 114-120Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper discusses the needs of new expressive means for modeling a socio-technical system as consisting of functional components that are connected to each-other through the output-input relationships. The discussion is based on an example of depicting so-called feedback connections between the functional components of a system. The need to introduce a feedback connection arises when two connected components are heavily dependent on the intellectual activity of people who man the components. In such a situation, there is a risk that the output from one component could be misinterpreted by the component which takes it as an input. Using a simplified example of a software development project, the paper introduces the notion of a feedback connection and discusses the ways it could be realized in a socio-technical system.

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  • 11.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Integrating Models of Observing and Observed Activities Based on an Example of Empirical Research in Information Systems Discipline2023In: Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, E-ISSN 2255-9922, no 37, p. 69-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A situation where both observing and observed activities need to be taken into consideration is not uncommon in practice. In Viable System Model (VSM), System 3* is dedicated to making sudden inspections on how the work is done “on the floor”. A typical case in research is an empirical study, where research activities are aimed at understanding the activities of the object under investigation. Though separate models of the observation activity and the observed activity are often presented, having an integrated model that connects both often falls under the radar. This article investigates how the latter model can be built and used in empirical research projects in the Information System (IS) discipline. Articles in the IS field presenting research projects that use data from practice, as a rule, describe the practice and research process, including which research methods have been used for obtaining and analyzing the data. Some articles present models of practice under investigation using appropriate modeling notations. Some articles present a research process in some graphical form. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no established practice of presenting a model that interconnects practical and research activities. This article tries to fill the gap, and it presents some ideas on how to build a model that integrates observing and observed activities. Such a model can be used for planning a research project and to better understand the limitations of the approaches used or to be used in the project.

  • 12.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Is People-Structure-Tasks-Technology Matrix Outdated?2017In: Proceedings of STPIS 2017: Socio-Technical Perspective in IS development / [ed] Stewart Kowalski, Peter Bednar, Ilia Bider, CEUR-WS.org , 2017, p. 90-97Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper investigates whether the classical socio-technical matrix that differentiate 4 quadrants of social-technical system: people, structure, tasks and technology can still be useful for practical purposes. The paper gives a positive answer on the question, provided that the level of abstraction in defining these four quadrants is increased to deal with culture, type of structure, methods (techniques) and type of technology, as well as the idea of joint optimization is substituted with the idea of alignment. The paper presents some examples where the concept of the augment matrix has been used.

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    fulltext
  • 13.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Structural Coupling, Strategy and Fractal Enterprise Modeling2020In: Research Challenges in Information Science: 14th International Conference, RCIS 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, September 23–25, 2020, Proceedings / [ed] Fabiano Dalpiaz, Jelena Zdravkovic, Pericles Loucopoulos, Springer, 2020, p. 95-111Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of structural coupling, which comes from the biological cybernetics, has been found useful for organizational decision making on the higher level, such as management of organizational identity and strategy development. However, currently, there is no systematic procedure for finding all elements (other organizations, markets, etc.) of the environment to which a given organization is structurally coupled, or will be coupled after redesign. The paper tries to fill the gap by employing enterprise modeling to identify structural couplings. More specifically, an extended Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM) is used for this end. FEM connects enterprise processes with assets that are used in and are managed by these processes. The extended FEM adds concepts to represent external elements and their connections to the enterprise. The paper drafts rules for identifying structural couplings in the model by analyzing FEMs that represent different phases of the development of a company which the author co-founded and worked for over 20 years.

  • 14.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Towards a Non-workflow Theory of Business Processes2013In: Business Process Management Workshops: BPM 2012 International Workshops, Revised Papers / [ed] Marcello La Rosa, Pnina Soffer, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 1-2Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The keynote overviews the efforts of a group of researchers and practitioners to build and test a theory of business processes (BP) that could be of use for building non-workflow based business processes support (BPS) systems. The background for these efforts lies in two scientific disciplines outside the domain of Business Process Management, namely: Systems Thinking and Mathematical System Theory.

  • 15.
    Bider, Ilia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Towards Process Improvement for Case Management: An Outline Based on Viable System Model and an Example of Organizing Scientific Events2016In: Business Process Management Workshops: BPM 2015, 13th International Workshops, Innsbruck, Austria, August 31 – September 3, 2015, Revised Papers / [ed] Manfred Reichert, Hajo A. Reijers, Springer, 2016, p. 96-107Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There are a number of methods for business process improvement that are used in practice and investigated in theory, such as Lean or Six Sigma. Most of these methods are activity based and they are aimed at optimizing the activities flow, and/or the usage of resources in the process. These methods suit well the workflow-based processes and thinking, but they are not easily adaptable to Case/Adaptive Case Management (CM/ACM) processes, the goal of improvement for which is improving the overall result from the knowledge workers cooperative work. Another distinctive feature of CM/ACM is that the process is guided not through which flow of activities to use in certain situations, but through a set of templates to use in these situations. This paper outlines a possible method of improving CM/ACM processes based on the Viable System Model (VSM). Though the usage of VSM for process improvement has been reported in the literature, it was not specifically applied to CM/ACM processes. The outline is based on the analysis of the process of organizing a series of scientific events, such as the AdaptiveCM workshop.

  • 16.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Bellinger, Gene
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Balancing Agility with Stability: Systemic View on Business Processes2013In: Beyond Alignment: Applying Systems Thinking in Architecting Enterprises / [ed] John Gotze, Anders Jensen-Waud, College Publications, 2013, p. 413-438Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    On the first glance, the concept of enterprise/business agility and business process management (BPM) seems to be in conflict. Enterprise/business agility means the an enterprise’s ability to react on changes in the surrounding business world as well as discover new opportunities constantly appearing in the market for launching new products and services. BPM is, normally, considered as a tool for achieving high efficiency through standardization, specialization, and automation. By taking a systemic view on business processes this paper shows that BPM can serve as a way of achieving agility rather than being a barrier to it. The presented systemic view on business processes is based on an enterprise model consisting of three layerstypes of components: an assets, a sensors and a business process instances layer. These components of this model can be recursively decomposed, which allows for different levels of details when modeling an enterprise. The paper shows how the Assets-Sensors-Processes three-layered model can be used for finding new ways of achieving enterprise/business agility, e.g., through cross-manning of business processes. It also discusses changes that need to be introduced in the contemporary theory and practice of BPM in order to make BPM a tool for achieving agility as well as the role that Systems Thinking should play in achieving this goal.

  • 17.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia .
    Bork, Dominik
    TU Wien, Austria .
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    FEM toolkit - A Tool for Business Process Architects2021In: Proceedings of the Demonstration & Resources Track, Best BPM Dissertation Award, and Doctoral Consortium at BPM 2021 co-located with the 19th International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM 2021 / [ed] Wil van der Aalst et.al., 2021, p. 155-155Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While there are many tools that can depict a business process on any level of detail, there is lack of tools to depict and/or design process architectures - an interconnected set of business processes that exist or are to be introduced in an organization. The FEM toolkit bridges this gap by providing a tool for process architects to discover the process architecture of an organization as-is or to develop a new one. The FEM toolkit facilitates this by providing means to discover or develop a so-called Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM) for an organization. FEM depicts interconnections between the business processes in an enterprise by connecting them to the assets they use and manage. Assets considered in the model could be tangible (buildings, heavy machinery, etc.) and intangible (reputation, business process definitions, etc.). The FEM toolkit has been developed with the help of the metamodeling environment ADOxx. It was successfully used in a number of practically oriented projects and for teaching purposes.

  • 18.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Chalak, Arian
    Evaluating Usefulness of a Fractal Enterprise Model: Experience Report2019In: Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: Proceedings / [ed] Iris Reinhartz-Berger, Jelena Zdravkovic, Jens Gulden, Rainer Schmidt, Springer, 2019, p. 359-373Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper presents an experience of evaluating the usefulness of a particular modeling technique called Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM). FEM connects enterprise processes with assets that are used in and are managed by these processes. The evaluation has been conducted in a somewhat unusual manner. A model that covers an essential part of an enterprise’s activities has been built without any practical goal in mind, e.g. finding a cause of a problem, designing or completing a transformational change, etc. Then, it was presented to and discussed with the stakeholders that helped to build it. During the discussions, the stakeholders were asked to elaborate on the potential usages of the model in the practice of the enterprise. The result was a comprehensive list of possible usage of the model.

  • 19.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Gaaloul, KhaledKrogstie, JohnNurcan, SelminProper, Henderik A.Schmidt, RainerSoffer, Pnina
    Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: Proceedings2014Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Business Process Modeling, Development and Support (BPMDS 2014) and the 19th International Conference on Exploring Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD 2014), held together with the 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2014) in Thessaloniki, Greece, in June 2014.

    The 20 full papers accepted for BPMDS were selected from 48 submissions and cover a wide spectrum of issues related to business process development, modeling, and support. They are grouped into topical sections on business process modeling as a human-driven process, representing the human perspective of business processes, supporting humans in business processes, variability-enabling process models, various models for various process perspectives, and BPMDS in practice.

    The ten full and three short papers accepted for EMMSAD were chosen from 27 submissions and focus on exploring, evaluating, and enhancing modeling methods and methodologies for the analysis and design of information systems, enterprises, and business processes. They are grouped into sections on conceptual modeling, requirements modeling, business process modeling, goal and language action modeling, enterprise and business modeling, and new approaches.

  • 20.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Halpin, TerryKrogstie, JohnNurcan, SelminProper, ErikSchmidt, RainerSoffer, PninaWrycza, Stanislaw
    Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: 13th International Conference, BPMDS 2012, 17th International Conference, EMMSAD 2012, and 5th EuroSymposium, held at CAiSE 2012, Gdańsk, Poland, June 25-26, 20122012Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henkel, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    CBILE - A Case-Based Immersive Learning Environment2018In: 2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops: Proceedings, IEEE Computer Society, 2018, p. 200-203Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CBILE is an immersive environment that supports Apprenticeship Simulation (AS) - a method for teaching/learning modeling skills in university education. AS is aimed at the students acquiring not only explicitly defined syntax and semantics of modeling languages, but also skills of analyzing various types of sources for obtaining information to build a model. AS is a kind of case-based learning that presents a case to the students using multimedia sources, such as recorded interviews and web-based sources. CBILE integrates all sources, simulated as well as real, to be used in the case in one place and connects them to the project tasks. The environment uses WordPress as an underlying platform for both integration and simulation of web sources.

  • 22.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henkel, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Using the Structure of Tacit Knowing for Acquiring a Holistic View on IS Field: Digital learning, apprenticeship simulation, case based learning, knowledge management, tacit knowledge2018In: Proceedings of the 11th IADIS International Conference Information Systems 2018 / [ed] Miguel Baptista Nunes, Pedro Isaías, Philip Powell, IADIS Press, 2018, p. 19-26Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper considers the problem of students acquiring a holistic view on the IS discipline via a set of not explicitly connected subjects taught in disparate courses. The main idea is based on M. Polanyi's works on a structure of tacit knowing that can produce "a stereoscopic image from two separate pictures". The images that are used for creating a stereoscopic picture give different perspectives on the same reality, but they do not explicitly refer to each other, the 3-d picture is being created unconsciously by the human mind. This paper demonstrates that a connection between subjects can be created by using the same or tightly connected business cases in different courses that use case based learning combined with computer-based apprenticeship simulation. The paper discusses the main idea, the trial settings, and preliminary results.

  • 23.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henkel, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Kowalski, Stewart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Reuse of Simulated Cases in Teaching Enterprise Modelling2015In: Advances in Conceptual Modeling: Proceedings / [ed] Manfred A.Jeusfeld, Kamalakar Karlapalem, Springer, 2015, p. 337-346Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Case-based teaching/learning is widely used in Information Systems (IS) education in general, and in teaching/learning modeling, in particular. A case presents to the students a real or imaginary business situation asking them to build a model of it, or showing how such model can be built. In situations where a business case is presented in a text form, reusing it as is, or with modification in the same or a different course does not constitute much of a problem. However, using textual description for presenting cases has drawbacks on its own, as it does not help the students to acquire the skills of dissecting analyzing and analyzing the reality when building a model. The latter can be better achieved when a case is presented in a multimedia form, e.g. recorded interviews, website of a company, etc. As the previous works of the same authors show, such case presentations gives the students better understanding of the essence of modeling, which is appreciated by the students. The dark side of the multimedia presentation is that such a case presentation requires more time to build compared to using a textual form, and it is not easy to change it. This paper is a preliminary inquiry into the problem of reusing of cases presented with the help of multimedia. It presents a conceptual model of the domain aimed at discussing the potential of reuse of the whole case or its parts, and concludes with considerations on reusability that need to be covered when building multimedia presentations of cases.

  • 24.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henkel, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Kowalski, Stewart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Simulating apprenticeship using multimedia in higher education: A case from the information systems field2015In: Interactive Technology and Smart Education, ISSN 1741-5659, E-ISSN 1758-8510, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 137-154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This paper aims to report on a project aimed at using simulation for improving the quality of teaching and learning modeling skills. More specifically, the project goal was to facilitate the students to acquire skills of building models of organizational structure and behavior through analysis of internal and external documents, and interviews with employees and management. An important skill that practitioners in the information systems field need to possess is the skill of modeling information systems. The main problem with acquiring modeling skills is to learn how to extract knowledge from the unstructured reality of business life. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the goal, a solution was introduced in the form of a computerized environment utilizing multimedia to simulate a case of an apprenticeship situation. The paper gives an overview of the problem that the solution addresses, presents the solution and reports on the trial completed in a first-year undergraduate course at Stockholm University. Findings – The results of the trial indicate that using rich multimedia along with a case-based learning approach did improve the overall performance of the students. It was also shown that both students’ and the teachers’ attitudes toward the solution were positive. Originality/value – The solution presented in this paper, using computer simulation in teaching/learning by focusing on an apprenticeship situation, can be reused by other university teachers, especially in the Information Systems discipline. This solution can thus be used in teaching, system design, requirements engineering, business analysis and other courses typical for information systems.

  • 25.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henkel, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Kowalski, Stewart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. Gjøvik University College, Norway.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Teaching Enterprise Modeling Based on Multi-media Simulation: A Pragmatic Approach2015In: E-Technologies: Proceedings / [ed] Morad Benyoucef, Michael Weiss, Hafedh Mili, Springer, 2015, p. 239-254Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper addresses the problem of how university students can acquire enterprise modeling skills so that they can build high quality models of organizational structure and behavior in practical settings after their graduation. The best way of learning such skills is apprenticeship where the students follow a modeling master in a real business case. However, in a university classroom setting this is difficult to arrange, if even possible. Therefore, the paper suggests the use of a computer-based simulation as a good approximation to apprenticeship. Moreover, it suggests a pragmatic, low-cost approach making the idea accessible even for courses with a low budget. A business case is simulated by providing the students with multi-media information sources that are usually used by system or business analysts when building models. The sources consist of recorded interviews with the stakeholders, a web-site of the enterprise under investigation, internal protocols from management meetings, results of twitter search on the company name, etc. The paper presents practical guidelines on how to build such simulation based on a trial successfully completed at the Department of Computer and System Sciences at Stockholm University.

  • 26.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henkel, Martin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Kowalski, Stewart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Technology Enhanced Learning of Modeling Skills in the Field of Information Systems2015In: IADIS international conference on information systems, 2015 / [ed] Miguel Baptista Nunes, Pedro Isaías and Philip Powell, IADIS Press, 2015, p. 121-128Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports on a project aimed at using simulation for improving the quality of teaching and learning in the field of Information Systems. More specifically, the project goal was facilitating the students to acquire skills of building models of organizational structure and behavior through analysis of internal and external documents, and interviewing employees and management. The solution tested in the project was a computerized environment utilizing multi-media to simulate a business case. The paper gives an overview of the problem that the solution addresses, presents the solution, and reports on a trial completed in a first year undergraduate course at Stockholm University. The results of the trial indicate that using rich multi-media along with a case based learning approach did improve the overall performance of the students. It was also shown that both students’ and the teachers’ attitude toward the solution was positive.

  • 27.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Henning, Otto
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Willysson, Saga
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Using a Socio-Technical Model of a Global Software Development Project for Facilitating Risk Management and Improving the Project Structure2018In: Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, E-ISSN 2255-9922, no 15, p. 1-23, article id 86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Any global software development project needs to deal with distances – geographical, cultural, time zone, etc. – between the groups of developers engaged in the project. To successfully manage the risks caused by such distances, there is a need to explicate and present the distances in a form suitable for manual or semi-automatic analysis, the goal of which is to detect potential risks and find ways of mitigating them. The article presents a technique of modeling a global software development project suitable for such analysis. The project is modeled as a complex socio-technical system that consists of functional components connected to each other through output-input relationships. The components do not coincide with the organizational units of the project, and their teams can be distributed through the geographical and organizational landscape of the project. The modeling technique helps to explicate and represent various kinds of distances between the functional components to determine which of them constitute risk factors. The technique was developed during two case studies, of which the second is used for presenting and demonstrating the new modeling technique in the article.

  • 28.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. IbisSoft AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jalali, Amin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Agile business process development: why, how and when — applying Nonaka’s theory of knowledge transformation to business process development2016In: Information Systems and E-Business Management, ISSN 1617-9846, E-ISSN 1617-9854, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 693-731Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The traditional way of business process development is via creating a detailed model of a business process in question, acquiring an IT-system to support it, and then implementing it in the organizational practice. Acquiring a system can be done via designing and manufacturing it by the business itself, or via commissioning it to somebody else. Alternatively, a generic system can be bought and configured according to the business process model created. The traditional approach has a number of risks that become visible only during the latest phase of introducing the system in the organizational practice, e.g., when it becomes clear that the system does not fit the business and/or people who work in it. These risks could be mitigated by using an agile approach to the development of business processes. In agile approach: (a) the phases of process modeling, IT-system design, and manufacturing are merged into one, and (b) instead of using one big cycle, a series of smaller development cycles is used. The paper discusses what is needed to implement the agile approach, and in which business situations the agile approach is the most appropriate. Examples of tools to support agile development are presented and analyzed. The results presented in the paper have been achieved based on the knowledge transformation perspective along the lines suggested by Nonaka in SECI model. The modification of this model has been used to understand the risks and requirements connected to a particular process development strategy.

  • 29.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Jalali, Amin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Limiting Variety by Standardizing and Controlling Knowledge Intensive Processes: Case Study and Reflection on Experience2016In: 2016 IEEE 20th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW): Proceedings / [ed] Remco Dijkman, Luís Ferreira Pires, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma, IEEE Computer Society, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper studies the effects of applying process improvement principles to knowledge-intensive processes, which are typical for being supported by Adaptive Case Management systems. The study is being completed by investigating a process of conducting a small-scale research project that results in BS or MS thesis being defended and graded. The research is a mixture of the case study at the department with which both authors are affiliated and reflections on own experience as active participants of the process. The preliminary results show that the improvement principles applied in the project have helped to smoothen the process and improve its outcome in terms of producing defendable theses that satisfy the requirements set by the relevant authority. However, it seems they might not positively affect other outcomes, like the size and quality of research contribution.

  • 30.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Jalali, Amin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Ohlsson, Jens
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Adaptive Case Management as a Process of Construction of and Movement in a State Space2013In: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2013 Workshops: Proceedings / [ed] Yan Tang Demey, Hervé Panetto, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 155-165Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite having a number of years of experience, adaptive case management (ACM) still does not have a theory that would differentiate it from other paradigms of business process management and support. The known attempts to formalize Case Management do not seem to help much in creating an approach that could be useful in practice. This paper suggests an approach to building such a theory based on generalization of what is used in practice on one hand and the state-oriented view on business processes on the other. In practice, ACM systems use a number of ready-made templates that are picked up and filled as necessary for the case. State-oriented view considers a process instance/case as a point moving in a specially constructed state space. This paper suggests considering a case template as a definition of a sub-space and piking different template on the fly as constructing the state space along with moving in it when filling the template. The result is similar to what in control-flow based theories are considered as a state space with variable numbers of dimensions. Beside suggestions to building a theory, the paper demonstrates the usage of the theory on an example.

  • 31.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. IbisSoft AB, Sweden.
    Jalali, Amin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Söderström, David
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Creating Self-managed Cross-Professional Teams with Metaphoric Business Process Support Systems2015In: Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: Proceedings / [ed] Khaled Gaaloul, Rainer Schmidt, Selmin Nurcan, Sérgio Guerreiro, Qin Ma, Springer, 2015, p. 19-33Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The typical values that can be obtained by employing a business process support (BPS) system are optimization, compliance to rules and regulations, leanness, etc. These are obtained by introducing a kind of “conveyor belt” in business processes. While these values can be important for some processes at some phases of the enterprise development, they can be counter-productive for other processes and other phases. This idea paper investigates a possibility of obtaining completely different value from a BPS system, namely it serving as a means of creating self-managed/self-directed cross-professional teams of process participants. The paper suggests using visualized folk and fairy tales and interactive game technology as a basis for building BPS systems that can bring this value. The discussion is done based on the example of representing a consultative sales process using a treasure hunting plot.

  • 32.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Research-Oriented Practical Problem Solving as a Learning Goal for Thesis Courses2019In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12th IADIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2019 / [ed] Miguel Baptista Nunes; Pedro Isaías; Philip Powell; Pascal Ravesteijn; Guido Ongena, IADIS Press, 2019, p. 75-82Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is devoted to the topic of introducing practically oriented thesis writing in the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences of Stockholm University. The paper considers both legal and practical aspects of introducing practically oriented thesis. The material is based partly on the literature study, and partly on the experience of supervising practically oriented BS and MS thesis in the department. The research presented in this paper is of the Action Research type. The paper introduces a rough classification of practically oriented thesis, and discusses problems that need to be solved, such as proper disposition, grading, and method-related courses.

  • 33.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Design science research as movement between individual and generic situation-problem-solution spaces2012In: Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer , 2012, p. 35-61Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Design science is an emerging research paradigm in the Information Systems area. A design science project typically includes the activities of problem analysis, requirements definition, artifact development, and evaluation. These activities are not to be seen as sequential but can be carried out in any order. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptualization and formalization of design science research that show the possible ways in which a design science project can be carried out. The proposal is based on the state oriented view on business processes and suggests that design science research can be viewed as movements in a space of situations, problems and solutions.

  • 34.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Do workflow-based systems satisfy the demands of the agile enterprise of the future?2013In: Business Process Management Workshops: BPM 2012 International Workshops. Revised Papers / [ed] Marcello La Rosa, Pnina Soffer, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 59-64Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Workflow-based systems dominate the theory and practice of Business Process Management (BPM) leaving little space to other directions, including Adaptive Case Management. While there are reasons for such dominance in today's enterprise environment, it is time the BPM community studied this dominance in the light of the requirements of the enterprises of the future. This paper analyzes whether workflow-based systems will be able to satisfy business needs in the future based on the assumption that the essential property of the enterprise of the future is agility. The paper identifies properties that a business process should possess in order to be suitable for employing a workflow-based system to support it. Then, it analyzes whether these properties are compatible with the needs of the enterprise of the future and shows why workflow-based systems may become obsolete in the future.

  • 35.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Justifying ACM: why we need a paradigm shift in BPM2014In: Empowering knowledge workers: new ways to leverage case management / [ed] Layna Fischer, Lighthouse Point: Future Strategies Incorporated , 2014Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Structured Shared Spaces as a Basis for Building Business Process Support Systems: A Generic Model and Analysis of Examples2018In: Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, E-ISSN 2255-9922, no 16, p. 36-60, article id 94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Though the concept of shared spaces had been known in Groupware and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) for quite a while, it did not become popular until the arrival of the Internet and social software. Implicitly, the concept of shared spaces has penetrated many IT-areas, including the area of Business Process Management. Though shared spaces are used in many systems and tools, like Google Drive and Projectplace, there is a lack of research investigating this usage in a generic way. The article aims to fill this gap by introducing a generic model of a Business Process Support (BPS) system based on shared space that supports the comparison, analysis and design of BPS systems. In addition, the article goes in more details on one design issue – the structuring of shared spaces. This is done by analyzing and comparing two different BPS systems that exploit the concept of shared spaces, though implicitly. These systems use different approaches to shared space structuring. The first one organizes the information by grouping similar types of items without regard to the flow of activities in a business process, while the other organizes the information around groups of activities that are usually completed as a block. Which model to choose in a particular situation depends on the characteristics of the business process and its participants. In order to facilitate this choice, the article offers a number of guidelines derived from the experience of using the two BPS systems in practice. The article also discusses in what circumstances BPS systems with shared spaces are preferable to traditional workflow BPS systems.

  • 37.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Using Empirical Knowledge and Studies in the Frame of Design Science Research2013In: Design Science at the Intersection of Physical and Virtual Design: The 8th International Conference, DESRIST 2013. Proceedings / [ed] Jan vom Brocke, Riitta Hekkala, Sudha Ram, Matti Rossi, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 463-470Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this research in progress is relationships between Design Science Research (DSR) on one hand, and Empirical Research (ER) on the other. More specifically, it is devoted to investigating which tasks included in a DSR project should/could require conducting ER studies or using already existing ER knowledge. The paper presents a methodology for enumerating DSR tasks and gives examples of logical analysis of some of them to determine requirements or usability of ER studies or ER-related knowledge for completing these tasks. The enumeration of DSR tasks is done by considering possible trajectories of DSR projects in a specially constructed state space. The latter consists of two subspaces; one is the space of specific situations, problems and solutions, the other – of generic situations, problems and solutions. The first subspace represents test cases used for validating DSR hypotheses that the second subspace represents. In the terms of this space, DSR is considered to be a way of generating and testing hypotheses for future adoption. The project trajectory is identified via movements within and between subspaces. Examples of such movements are: generalization of a specific situation/problem, designing a generic solution, evaluating the results of implementing a solution in a specific situation.

  • 38.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik A
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    In Search of the Holy Grail: Integrating social software with BPM Experience report2010In: Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: / [ed] Ilia Bider, Berlin: Springer Verlag , 2010, p. 1-13Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is devoted to finding a view on business processes that helps to introduce into business process support systems a notion of shared spaces widely used in social software. The paper presents and analyses the experience of the authors from a number of development projects aimed at building business process support systems. The authors define a role that shared spaces can play in business process support and set some requirements on the shared space structure based on this role. They then analyze their projects in order to show how these requirements can be met and describe what practical results have been achieved in each project.

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  • 39.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johannesson, Paul
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johansson, Lena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Design Science in Action: Developing a Framework for Introducing IT Systems into Operational Practice2012In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012 / [ed] Joey, F. George, Association for Information Systems, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper presents an example of using design science research for solving a problem arising from local practice. The problem concerns adoption of new technology. The paper aims to integrate existing approaches and theories of technology acceptance and change management in a framework useful for practical purposes. It is based on the idea that the successful introduction of an IT system requires a number of conditions to be satisfied as well as means for bringing about the satisfaction of these conditions. The level of satisfaction of the conditions can be measured by a set of parameters, such as the level of strategic, tactical and operational understanding of the system by the users. Means include various types of actions, tools and strategies. The introduction process is steered via periodically measuring the parameters, and applying means that help to change the level of satisfaction of the conditions.

  • 40.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. IbisSoft AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Karapantelakis, Athanasios
    Khadka, Nirjal
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Building a High-Level Process Model for Soliciting Requirements on Software Tools to Support Software Development: Experience Report2013In: PoEM Short Papers: Short Paper Proceedings of the 6th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM 2013) / [ed] Janis Grabis, Marite Kirikova, Jelena Zdravkovic, Janis Stirna, 2013, p. 70-82Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Use of software tools to support business processes is both a possibility and necessity for both large and small enterprises of today. Given the variety of tools on the market, the question of how to choose the right tools for the process in question or analyze the suitability of the tools already employed arises. The paper presents an experience report of using a high-level business process model for analyzing software tools suitability at a large ICT organization that recently transitioned to scrum-based project methodology of software development. The paper gives overview of the modeling method used, describes the organizational context, presents a model built, and discusses preliminary findings based on the analysis of the model.

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  • 41.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Klyukina, Victoria
    Using a Socio-Technical Systems Approach for a Sales Process Improvement2018In: 2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops: Proceedings, IEEE Computer Society, 2018, p. 48-58Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is an experience report on applying a socio-technical approach to business process improvement. The approach is based on an augmented socio-technical matrix (STS-matrix) that differentiates 4 quadrants of socio-technical system: (1) culture/mind set, (2) type of structure, (3) methods/techniques, and (4) type of technology. It was applied in a study related to knowledge creation and sharing in a sales process in a multinational company. The augmented STS-matrix has been used for both holistic analysis of the situation and developing suggestions for organizational intervention.

  • 42.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Koutsopoulos, Georgios
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Introducing Goal Patterns for State-Oriented Business Process Modeling2018In: 2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops: Proceedings, IEEE Computer Society, 2018, p. 43-47Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patterns are a proven way to make analysis and/or design effective and efficient. The idea of using patterns in business process modeling is not new. However, it was applied only to workflow type of process modeling. In this paper, we explore an idea of using patterns for a different type of process modeling, namely, state-oriented business process modeling. The idea is introduced using an example of a pattern for decision-making.

  • 43.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. IbisSoft AB, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Kowalski, Stewart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    A Framework for Synchronizing Human Behavior, Processes and Support Systems Using a Socio-technical Approach2014In: Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: Proceedings, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2014, p. 109-123Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper suggests a framework for achieving alignment between a process and its external and internal environment. The framework consists of two components. The first component concerns alignment between the process and its external environment - business environment in which the process functions or is to function. The second component concerns alignment between the process and its internal environment the most important part of which are people participating in the process. The second component, which is in the focus of the paper, is based on the socio-technical view on information systems. The framework is aimed to move the focus of business process reengineering/ improvement from local optimization through the use of technology to the needs of satisfying business goals, and fostering human capital that is needed to achieve them.

  • 44.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Lodhi, Azeem
    Moving from Manufacturing to Software Business: A Business Model Transformation Pattern2020In: Enterprise Information Systems: 21st International Conference, ICEIS 2019, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 3–5, 2019, Revised Selected Papers / [ed] Joaquim Filipe, Michał Śmiałek, Alexander Brodsky, Slimane Hammoudi, Springer, 2020, p. 514-530Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Regularly changing the business model of an enterprise becomes a necessity for surviving and prospering in the dynamic business world of today. To cope with this task enterprises need tools for Business Model Innovation (BMI). One of such tools can be a library of patterns. While there are attempts to build libraries of patterns of business models, they concern the patterns of to-be models. This paper focuses on the transformational patterns that show how to create a new model based on the current one. It considers a real example of a business model transformation in progress and designs a pattern based on this transformation. The main idea of this pattern can be formulated as “transforming from a manufacturing business to becoming a provider of software services that can predict the needs for maintenance of equipment used in manufacturing lines”. For building the pattern enterprise models before and after transformation have been built and then compared. The modeling has been done using a so-called Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM). FEM ties various enterprise business processes together and connects them to enterprise assets (resources) that are used and/or are managed by the processes. The proposed pattern is also expressed using FEM syntax, but in difference from the concrete models, it is depicted on a much higher abstract level.

  • 45.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Lodhi, Azeem
    Using Enterprise Modeling in Development of New Business Models2019In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems / [ed] Joaquim Filipe, Michal Smialek, Alexander Brodsky, Slimane Hammoudi, SciTePress, 2019, Vol. 1, p. 525-533Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the dynamic world of today, enterprises need to be innovative not only in their current line of products and services, but also in their business models. One of the challenges in Business Model Innovation (BMI) is to introduce radical changes in the current business model when entering new markets. Ideas for new models can come from various sources, however each such idea needs to be analysed from the sustainability and implementation perspectives. This paper evaluates whether enterprise modelling can help in analysis of hypotheses for radical changes of BMI. The evaluation is carried on a particular practice of an organization. Analysis of a new idea has been done using a so-called Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM). FEM ties various enterprise business processes together and connects them to enterprise assets (resources) that are used and/or are managed by the processes. FEM has been used to understand which new assets and processes should be acquired, and which existing ones can be reused when planning the implementation of a new business model.

  • 46.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Olsson, Sofia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Stray lamb - misalignment in a socio-technical structure of an enterprise when transitioning to intelligent products2016In: STPIS 2016: Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development co-located with 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2016) / [ed] Stewart Kowalski, Peter M. Bednar, Ilia Bider, 2016, p. 25-38Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Products from traditional engineering companies, such as cars and refrigerators, are evolving to become intelligent via combining hardware, software, sensors, and connectivity/networks. In such products, the importance of software increases exponential. Therefore, new software development units are emerging. This may cause misalignment between the traditional parts of the engineering companies and the new emerging software development units. The misalignment concerns both the technical part of the socio-technical structure of the companies, i.e. a conflict between different project management methodologies in the units, and the social part, i.e. the power roles of different unis and coordination between them. Viable System Model (VSM) has been applied to study the nature of misalignment in one such company, a large car manufacturer. This paper reports on the experience obtained during this study. With the help of VSM, misalignment was identified and diagnosed as a “stray lamb” – a pathological archetype related to a new and important unit of the company not being properly incorporated into the rest of the system.

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  • 47.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Otto, Henning
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Modeling a Global Software Development Project as a Complex Socio-Technical System to Facilitate Risk Management and Improve the Project Structure2015In: 2015 IEEE 10th International Conference on Global Software Engineering: Proceedings, IEEE, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Any global software development project needs to deal with distances -- geographical, cultural, time zone, etc. -- between the groups of developers engaged in the project. To successfully manage the risks caused by such distances, there is a need to explicate and present the distances in a form suitable for manual or semi-automatic analysis, the goal of which is to detect potential risks and find ways of mitigating them. The paper presents a technique of modeling a global software development project suitable for such analysis. The project is modeled as a complex socio-technical system that consists of functional components connected with each other through output-input relationships. The components do not coincide with the organizational units of the project and can be distributed through the geographical and organizational landscape of the project. The modeling technique helps to explicate and represent various kinds of distances between the functional components to determine which of them constitute risk factors. The technique was developed during two case studies, of which the second is used for presenting and demonstrating the new modeling technique in the paper.

  • 48.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Challenges in Assessing Parameters of a Socio-Technical System2017In: Proceedings of STPIS 2017: Socio-Technical Perspective in IS development / [ed] Stewart Kowalski, Peter Bednar, Ilia Bider, CEUR-WS.org , 2017, p. 98-105Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is an investigation of challenges in assessing parameters of a socio-technical system. The investigation is carried out using an augmented socio-technical matrix the quadrants of which represent culture, type of structure, methods/technique and type of technology. Investigation concerns a specific kind of matrixes developed for the purpose of achieving the right level of flexibility for a business process. The paper lists the challenges that need to be addressed when assessing parameters of a socio-technical system and suggests ways of dealing with them. Conclusion includes some generalization and plans for the future.

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  • 49.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Defining Transformational Patterns for Business Model Innovation2018In: Perspectives in Business Informatics Research: Proceedings / [ed] Jelena Zdravkovic, Jānis Grabis, Selmin Nurcan, Janis Stirna, Springer, 2018, p. 81-95Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pace of changes in the business environment in which a modern enterprise operates requires the enterprise to constantly review its business models in order to survive and prosper in the dynamic world. This exploratory study investigates how to help the enterprise to innovate their business models based on the concepts of fractal enterprise model and transformational patterns. The paper suggests an approach to Business Model Innovation (BMI) where the focus is on transformational patterns. It discusses the structure of such patterns, and based on examples, it presents an approach on how such patterns can be derived from cases of completed business transformations.

  • 50.
    Bider, Ilia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. IbisSoft AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Perjons, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Design science in action: developing a modeling technique for eliciting requirements on business process management (BPM) tools2015In: Software and Systems Modeling, ISSN 1619-1366, E-ISSN 1619-1374, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 1159-1188Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selecting a suitable business process management (BPM) tool to build a business process support system for a particular business process is difficult. There are a number of BPM tools on the market that are available as systems to install locally and as services in the cloud. These tools are based on different BPM paradigms (e.g., workflow or case management) and provide different capabilities (e.g., enforcement of the control flow, shared spaces, or a collaborative environment). This makes it difficult for an organization to select a tool that would fit the business processes at hand. The paper suggests a solution for this problem. The core of the solution is a modeling technique for business processes for eliciting their requirements for a suitable BPM tool. It produces a high-level, business process model, called a “step-relationship” model that depicts the essential characteristics of a process in a paradigm-independent way. The solution presented in this paper has been developed based on the paradigm of design science research, and the paper discusses the research project from the design science perspective. The solution has been applied in two case studies in order to demonstrate its feasibility.

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