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  • 1. Adolphsen, Jens Q.
    et al.
    Gil, Vanesa
    Sudireddy, Bhaskar R.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Characterisation and processing of aqueous LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 Suspensions into Porous Electrode Layers for Alkaline Water Electrolysis2019In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 39, no 4, p. 1271-1278Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The colloidal properties and processing of aqueous LaNi0.6.Fe0.4O3 suspensions into electrode layers with hierarchical pore sizes has been investigated by light scattering, electron microscopy and rheology. We found that the colloidal stability of the oxide particles and the resulting microstructure of the electrode layers were similar when dispersing the particles at their intrinsic pH, or when adding polyvinylpyrrolidone. The addition of the ammonium salt of poly(methaacrylic acid) resulted in a poor colloidal stability and the concentrated suspensions became viscoelastic during processing. Addition of rice starch resulted in an increase of the porosity but the cast electrode layers cracked and delaminated.

  • 2.
    Agthe, Michael
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Høydalsvik, Kristin
    Mayence, Arnaud
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Karvinen, Petri
    Liebi, Marianne
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Nygård, Kim
    Controlling Orientational and Translational Order of Iron Oxide Nanocubes by Assembly in Nanofluidic Containers2015In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 31, no 45, p. 12537-12543Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We demonstrate that spatial confinement can be used to control the orientational and translational order of cubic nanoparticles. For this purpose we have combined X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy to study the ordering of iron oxide nanocubes that have self-assembled from toluene-based dispersions in nanofluidic channels. An analysis of scattering vector components with directions parallel and perpendicular to the slit walls shows that the confining walls induce a preferential parallel alignment of the nanocube (100) faces. Moreover, slit wall separations that are commensurate with an integer multiple of the edge length of the oleic acid-capped nanocubes result in a more pronounced translational order of the self-assembled arrays compared to incommensurate confinement. These results show that the confined assembly of anisotropic nanocrystals is a promising route to nanoscale devices with tunable anisotropic properties.

  • 3.
    Agthe, Michael
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Plivelic, Tomas S.
    Labrador, Ana
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Following in Real Time the Two-Step Assembly of Nanoparticles into Mesocrystals in Levitating Drops2016In: Nano Letters, ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 16, no 11, p. 6838-6843Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mesocrystals composed of crystallographically aligned nanocrystals are present in biominerals and assembled materials which show strongly directional properties of importance for mechanical protection and functional devices. Mesocrystals are commonly formed by complex biomineralization processes and can also be generated by assembly of anisotropic nanocrystals. Here, we follow the evaporation-induced assembly of maghemite nanocubes into mesocrystals in real time in levitating drops. Analysis of time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering data and ex situ scanning electron microscopy together with interparticle potential calculations show that the substrate-free, particle-mediated crystallization process proceeds in two stages involving the formation and rapid transformation of a dense, structurally disordered phase into ordered mesocrystals. Controlling and tailoring the particle-mediated formation of mesocrystals could be utilized to assemble designed nanoparticles into new materials with unique functions.

  • 4.
    Agthe, Michael
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Following the Assembly of Iron Oxide Nanocubes by Video Microscopy and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring2017In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 33, no 1, p. 303-310Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied the growth of ordered arrays by evaporation-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanocubes with edge lengths of 6.8 and 10.1 nm using video microscopy (VM) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Ex situ electron diffraction of the ordered arrays demonstrates that the crystal axes of the nanocubes are coaligned and confirms that the ordered arrays are mesocrystals. Time-resolved video microscopy shows that growth of the highly ordered arrays at slow solvent evaporation is controlled by particle diffusion and can be described by a simple growth model. The growth of each mesocrystal depends only on the number of nanoparticles within the accessible region irrespective of the relative time of formation. The mass of the dried mesocrystals estimated from the analysis of the bandwidth-shift-to-frequency-shift ratio correlates well with the total mass of the oleate-coated nanoparticles in the deposited dispersion drop.

  • 5.
    Agthe, Michael
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Following the mesocrystal growth of self-assembling iron oxide nanocubes by video microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoringManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Agthe, Michael
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Mouzon, Johanne
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Dynamic growth modes of ordered arrays and mesocrystals during drop-casting of iron oxide nanocubes2014In: CrystEngComm, ISSN 1466-8033, E-ISSN 1466-8033, Vol. 16, no 8, p. 1443-1450Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The growth modes of self-assembled mesocrystals and ordered arrays from dispersions of iron oxide nanocubes with a mean edge length of 9.6 nm during controlled solvent removal have been investigated with a combination of visible light video microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mesocrystals with translational and orientational order of sizes up to 10 mu m are formed spontaneously during the final, diffusion-controlled, drop-casting stage when the liquid film is very thin and the particle concentration is high. Convection-driven deposition of ordered nanocube arrays at the edge of the drying droplet is a manifestation of the so called coffee-ring effect. Dendritic growth or fingering of rapidly growing arrays of ordered nanocubes could also be observed in a transition regime as the growth front moves from the initial three-phase contact line towards the centre of the original droplet.

  • 7.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Andersson, Linnea
    Ogunwumi, Steven
    Hedin, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Structuring adsorbents and catalysts by processing of porous powders2014In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 34, no 7, p. 1643-1666Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microporous materials such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks, activated carbons and aluminum phosphates are suitable for catalysis and separation applications. These high surface area materials are invariably produced in particulate forms and need to be transformed into hierarchically porous structures for high performance adsorbents or catalysts. Structuring of porous powders enables an optimized structure with high mass transfer, low pressure drop, good heat management, and high mechanical and chemical stability. The requirements and important properties of hierarchically porous structures are reviewed with a focus on applications in gas separation and catalysis. Versatile powder processing routes to process porous powders into hierarchically porous structures like extrusion, coatings of scaffolds and honeycombs, colloidal processing and direct casting, and sacrificial approaches are presented and discussed. The use and limitations of the use of inorganic binders for increasing the mechanical strength is reviewed, and the most important binder systems, e.g. clays and silica, are described in detail. Recent advances to produce binder-free and complex shaped hierarchically porous monoliths are described and their performance is compared with traditional binder-containing structured adsorbents. Needs related to better thermal management and improved kinetics and volume efficiency are discussed and an outlook on future research is also given.

  • 8.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Andersson, Linnéa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Keshavarzi, Neda
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Colloidal processing and CO2 capture performance of sacrificially templated zeolite monoliths2012In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 97, p. 289-296Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sacrificial templating of suspension cast and subsequently thermally treated zeolite monoliths with glassy carbon spheres and fibers yielded zeolite 13X and silicalite-1 monoliths with macroporosities up to 50 vol%. Homogeneous distribution of the macroporosity in hierarchically porous monoliths was obtained by tailoring the surface chemistry of the carbon particles by polyelectrolyte-assisted adsorption of zeolite particles. The effect of amount of kaolin binder and temperature for the thermal treatment on the monoliths strength, surface area and CO2 uptake was studied by diametral compression tests, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and gas adsorption. Cyclic adsorption and regeneration measurements showed that zeolite 13X monoliths display a high CO2 uptake while the silicalite-1 monoliths could be regenerated with a relatively low energy penalty.

  • 9.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Colloidal Processing and Thermal Treatment of Binderless Hierarchically Porous Zeolite 13X Monoliths for CO2 Capture2011In: Journal of The American Ceramic Society, ISSN 0002-7820, E-ISSN 1551-2916, Vol. 94, no 1, p. 199-205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adsorbents with high surface area are potential candidates forefficient postcombustion CO2 capture. Binderless zeolite 13Xmonoliths with a hierarchical porosity and high CO2 uptakehave been produced by slip casting followed by pressurelessthermal treatment. The zeolite powder displayed an isoelectricpoint at pH 4.7 and electrostatically stabilized suspensions couldbe prepared at alkaline pH. The volume fraction-dependentsteady shear viscosity could be fitted to a modified Krieger–Dougherty model with a maximum volume fraction of 0.66. Thenarrow temperature range where monoliths could be producedwithout significant loss of the microporous surface area wasidentified and related to the phase behavior of the 13X material.Slip casting of concentrated suspensions followed by thermaltreatment of the powder bodies at a temperature of 8001Cwithout holding time resulted into strong hierarchically porouszeolite 13X monolith that displayed a CO2 uptake larger than29 wt%.

  • 10.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Keshavarzi, Neda
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Shakarova, Dilshod
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Cheung, Ocean
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hedin, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Aluminophosphate monoliths with high CO2-over-N2 selectivity and CO2 capture capacity2014In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 4, no 99, p. 55877-55883Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Monoliths of microporous aluminophosphates (AlPO4-17 and AlPO4-53) were structured by binder-freepulsed current processing. Such monoliths could be important for carbon capture from flue gas. TheAlPO4-17 and AlPO4-53 monoliths exhibited a tensile strength of 1.0 MPa and a CO2 adsorption capacityof 2.5 mmol g1 and 1.6 mmol g1, respectively at 101 kPa and 0 C. Analyses of single component CO2and N2 adsorption data indicated that the AlPO4-53 monoliths had an extraordinarily high CO2-over-N2selectivity from a binary gas mixture of 15 mol% CO2 and 85 mol% N2. The estimated CO2 capturecapacity of AlPO4-17 and AlPO4-53 monoliths in a typical pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process at 20C was higher than that of the commonly used zeolite 13X granules. Under cyclic sorption conditions,AlPO4-17 and AlPO4-53 monoliths were regenerated by lowering the pressure of CO2. Regeneration wasdone without application of heat, which would regenerate them to their full capacity for CO2 adsorption.

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    Aluminophosphate monoliths with high CO2-over- N2 selectivity and CO2 capture capacity
  • 11.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Liu, Qingling
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hedin, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Strong and binder free structured zeolite sorbents with very high CO2-over-N-2 selectivities and high capacities to adsorb CO2 rapidly2012In: Energy & Environmental Science, ISSN 1754-5692, E-ISSN 1754-5706, Vol. 5, no 6, p. 7664-7673Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mechanically strong monoliths of zeolite NaKA with a hierarchy of pores displayed very high CO2-over-N-2 selectivity. The zeolite monoliths were produced by pulsed current processing (PCP) without the use of added binders and with a preserved microporous crystal structure. Adsorption isotherms of CO2 and N-2 were determined and used to predict the co-adsorption of CO2 and N-2 using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The IAST predictions showed that monolithic adsorbents of NaKA could reach an extraordinarily high CO2-over-N-2 selectivity in a binary mixture with a composition similar to flue gas (15 mol% CO2 and 85 mol% N2 at 25 degrees C and 101 kPa). Structured NaKA monoliths with a K+ content of 9.9 at% combined a CO2-over-N-2 selectivity of >1100 with a high CO2 adsorption capacity (4 mmol g(-1)) and a fast adsorption kinetics (on the order of one minute). Estimates of a figure of merit (F) based on IAST CO2-over-N-2 selectivity, and time-dependent CO2 uptake capacity, suggest that PCP-produced structured NaKA with a K+ content of 9.9 at% offers a performance far superior to 13X adsorbents, in particular at short cycle times.

  • 12.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Ogunwumi, Steven
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Thin zeolite laminates for rapid and energy-efficient carbon capture2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, article id 10988Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thin, binder-less zeolite NaX laminates, with thicknesses ranging between 310 to 750 mu m and widths exceeding 50 mm and biaxial tensile strength in excess of 3 MPa, were produced by pulsed current processing. The NaX laminates displayed a high CO2 adsorption capacity and high binary CO2-over-N-2 and CO2-over-CH4 selectivity, suitable for CO2 capture from flue gas and upgrading of raw biogas. The thin laminates displayed a rapid CO2 uptake; NaX laminates with a thickness of 310 mu m were saturated to 40% of their CO2 capacity within 24 seconds. The structured laminates of 310 mu m thickness and 50 mm thickness would offer low pressure drop and efficient carbon capture performance in a laminate-based swing adsorption technology.

  • 13.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Ojuva, Arto
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wirawan, Sang Kompiang
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hierarchically porous binder-free silicalite-1 discs: a novel support for all-zeolite membranes2011In: Journal of Materials Chemistry, ISSN 0959-9428, E-ISSN 1364-5501, Vol. 21, no 24, p. 8822-8828Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermal expansion mismatch between the zeolite film and the support is an important cause for the formation of defects and cracks during the fabrication and use of zeolite membranes. We have studied how silicalite-1 discs with a permeability comparable to commercially available alumina supports can be produced by pulsed current processing (PCP) as a novel substrate for all-zeolite membranes. Hierarchically porous and mechanically strong membrane supports where the surface area and crystallography of the silicalite-1 particles were maintained could be obtained by carefully controlling the thermal treatment during PCP consolidation. In situ X-ray diffraction and dilatometry showed that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the silicalite-1 substrate was negative in the temperature range 200-800 degrees C while the commonly used alumina substrate displayed a positive CTE. The critical temperature variation, Delta T, and thicknesses for crack-free supported zeolite films with a negative CTE were estimated using a fracture energy model. Zeolite films with a thickness of 1 mu m can only sustain a relatively modest Delta T of 100 degrees when supported onto alumina substrates while the all-zeolite membranes can support temperature variations above 500 degrees.

  • 14.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Rehman, Yaser
    Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    A study of the sintering of diatomaceous earth to produce porous ceramic monolithswith bimodal porosity and high strength2010In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 201, p. 253-257Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Diatomite powder, a naturally occurring porous raw material, was used to fabricate ceramic materials withbimodal porosity and high strength. The effect of the sintering temperature on the density and porosity ofdry pressed diatomite green bodies was evaluated using mercury porosimetry and water immersionmeasurements. It was found that the intrinsic porosity of the diatomite particles with a pore size around0.2 μm was lost at sintering temperatures above 1200 °C. Maintaining the sintering temperature at around1000 °C resulted in highly porous materials that also displayed a high compressive strength. Microstructuralstudies by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis suggested that the porecollapse was facilitated by the presence of low melting impurities like Na2O and K2O.

  • 15.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Sjöberg, Erik
    Korelskiy, Danil
    Rayson, Mark
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Preparation of graded silicalite-1 substrates for all-zeolite membranes with excellent CO2/H-2 separation performance2015In: Journal of Membrane Science, ISSN 0376-7388, E-ISSN 1873-3123, Vol. 493, p. 206-211Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Graded silicalite-1 substrates with a high gas permeability and low surface roughness have been produced by pulsed current processing of a thin coating of a submicron silicalite-1 powder onto a powder body of coarser silicalite-1 crystals. Thin zeolite films have been hydrothermally grown onto the graded silicalite-1 support and the all-zeolite membranes display an excellent CO2/H-2 separation factor of 12 at 0 degrees C and a CO2 permeance of 21.3 x 10(-7) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 for an equimolar CO2/H-2 feed at 505 kPa and 101 kPa helium sweep gas. Thermal cracking estimates based on calculated surface energies and measured thermal expansion coefficients suggest that all-zeolite membranes with a minimal thermal expansion mismatch between the graded substrate and the zeolite film should remain crack-free during thermal cycling and the critical calcination step.

  • 16.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Vasiliev, Petr
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Hierarchically Porous Ceramics from Diatomite Powders by Pulsed Current Processing2009In: Journal of The American Ceramic Society, ISSN 0002-7820, E-ISSN 1551-2916, Vol. 92, no 2, p. 338-343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hierarchically porous ceramic monoliths have been fabricated by pulsed current processing (PCP) of diatomite powders. The partial sintering behavior of the porous diatomite powders during PCP or spark plasma sintering was evaluated at temperatures between 600 degrees and 850 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry measurements showed that the PCP method was able to bond the diatomite powder together into relatively strong monoliths without significantly destroying the internal pores of the diatomite powder at a temperature range of 700 degrees-750 degrees C. Little fusion at the particle contact points occurred at temperatures below 650 degrees C while the powder showed partial melting and collapse of both the interparticle pores and the internal structure at temperatures above 800 degrees C.

  • 17. Andersson, KM
    et al.
    Andersson, L
    Stockholm University.
    Laarz, E
    Bergström, L
    Stockholm University.
    Gel-casting of Cemented Carbides in Aqueous Media: Dispersion, Polymerization and Rheology2006In: Conference proceeding, 9th International Ceramic Processing Science SymposiumArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Andersson, Linnéa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Akhtar, Farid
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Ojuva, Arto
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Colloidal processing and CO2-capture performance of hierarchically porous Al2O3-zeolite 13X composites2012In: Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, ISSN 2190-9385, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 9-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hierarchically porous composites for CO2-capture have been produced by coating the inner walls of foam-like macroporous alumina monoliths, produced by templated synthesis, with microporous zeolite 13X particles. Homogeneous and dense coatings of the particulate adsorbent were obtained when the impregnation process was performed at a pH above 9. At this pH-level the colloidally stable suspensions of the negatively charged zeolite 13X particles could fill all the voids of the highly connected pore space of the alumina supports and attach to the monolith walls, which had been pre-coated with poly(ethylene imine). A CO2-uptake as high as 5 mmol CO2/g zeolite 13X was achieved for alumina-zeolite 13X composites through minimisation of the added inorganic binder, kaolin, to only 3.0 wt% with respect to zeolite content, and through optimisation of the thermal treatment.

  • 19.
    Andersson, Linnéa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Gas-filled microspheres as an expandable sacrificial template for direct casting of complex-shaped macroporous ceramics2008In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 28, no 15, p. 2815-2821Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Expandable microspheres have been used as a sacrificial template to produce macroporous ceramic materials by a gel-casting process. The temperature range for the gel-casting process has been tuned to allow the gas-filled polymer spheres to expand prior to the setting of the powder body. It is demonstrated that by controlling the amount and size of the expandable microspheres it is possible to tune and tailor the porosity up to 86% and the pore size distribution from 15 up to 150 mu m. The expandable microspheres add a relatively low amount of organic material that allows rapid and facile burn-out. The temperature-induced expansion of the microspheres and the associated volume increase of the suspension has been used as a simple zero-pressure near-net shaping method to yield complex-shaped macroporous alumina bodies.

  • 20.
    Andersson, Linnéa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Jones, Anthony C.
    Knackstedt, Mark A.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Permeability, pore connectivity and critical pore throat control of expandable polymeric sphere templated macroporous alumina2011In: Acta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6454, E-ISSN 1873-2453, Vol. 59, no 3, p. 1239-1248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have regulated the permeability in macroporous alumina materials by manipulating the connectivity of the pore phase and the sizes of the smallest constrictions between connected pores. Templating with particle-coated expandable polymeric spheres (EPS) significantly increased the fraction of isolated pore clusters, and reduced both the sizes and the number of connections with neighboring pores, as determined by three-dimensional evaluation with X-ray micro-computed tomography. The stable particle coating, applied onto the EPS surfaces using polyelectrolyte multilayers, reduced the volume expansion and the coalescence of the EPS at elevated temperatures, which reduced the simulated permeability by as much as two orders of magnitude compared to templating with uncoated EPS in materials of similar porosities. We show that the Katz-Thompson model accurately predicts the permeability for the macroporous alumina materials with porosities of 46-76%. This suggests that the permeability to fluid flow in these materials is governed by the smallest constrictions between connected pores: the critical pore throat diameter.

  • 21.
    Andersson, Linnéa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Jones, Anthony C.
    Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
    Knackstedt, Mark A.
    Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Three-dimensional structure analysis by X-ray micro-computed tomography of macroporous alumina templated with expandable microspheres2010In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 30, no 12, p. 2547-2554Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The three-dimensional (3D) structures of macroporous alumina, produced by a novel method that combines gel casting with expandable polymericmicrospheres as a sacrificial templating material, have been characterised by X-ray micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). The grey-scale intensitytomogram data produced by the X-ray µ-CT was segmented into porous and solid phases and the individual pores were identified. We comparedtwo-dimensional slices of the analysed data with the corresponding scanning electron microscopy images and showed that the structural featuresof the pores were well reproduced in the X-ray µ-CT images. 3D visualisations of the pore structure and the pore network were also shown. Theopen porosity obtained from X-ray µ-CT corresponded well with the porosity derived from mercury porosimetry for pores larger than the voxeldimension (3 µm). The quantitative analysis also yielded information on the spatial variations in porosity and the number of connected neighboursof pores. The 3D data was used to relate the calculated permeability to the open porosity.

  • 22.
    Andersson, Linnéa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology.
    Wågberg, Lars
    Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm.
    Evaluating pore space in macroporous ceramics with water-based porosimetry2013In: Journal of The American Ceramic Society, ISSN 0002-7820, E-ISSN 1551-2916, Vol. 96, no 6, p. 1916-1922Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We show that water-based porosimetry (WBP), a facile, simple, and nondestructive porosimetry technique, accurately evaluates both the pore size distribution and throat size distribution of sacrificially templated macroporous alumina. The pore size distribution and throat size distribution derived from the WBP evaluation in uptake (imbibition) and release (drainage) mode, respectively, were corroborated by mercury porosimetry and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). In contrast with mercury porosimetry, the WBP also provided information on the presence of “dead-end pores” in the macroporous alumina.

  • 23.
    Apostolopoulou Kalkavoura, Varvara
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Munier, Pierre
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Dlugozima, Lukasz
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Heuthe, Veit-Lorenz
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Effect of density, phonon scattering and nanoporosity on the thermal conductivity of anisotropic cellulose nanocrystal foams2021In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 18685Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anisotropic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) foams with densities between 25 and 130 kg m−3 (CNC25 –CNC130) were prepared by directional ice-templating of aqueous dispersions. Estimates of the solid and gas conduction contributions to the thermal conductivity of the foams using a parallel resistor model showed that the relatively small increase of the radial thermal conductivity with increasing foam density can be attributed to interfacial phonon scattering. The foam wall nanoporosity and, to a lesser extent, the orientation of the CNC particles and alignment of the columnar macropores, also influence the insulation performance of the foams. The insight on the importance of phonon scattering for the thermal insulation properties of nanocellulose foams provides useful guidelines for tailoring nanofibrillar foams for super-insulating applications.

  • 24.
    Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura, Varvara
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Gordeyeva, Korneliya
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Lavoine, Nathalie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Thermal conductivity of hygroscopic foams based on cellulose nanofibrils and a nonionic polyoxamer2018In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 1117-1126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocellulose-based lightweight foams are promising alternatives to fossil-based insulation materials for energy-efficient buildings. The properties of cellulose-based materials are strongly influenced by moisture and there is a need to assess and better understand how the thermal conductivity of nanocellulose-based foams depends on the relative humidity and temperature. Here, we report a customized setup for measuring the thermal conductivity of hydrophilic materials under controlled temperature and relative humidity conditions. The thermal conductivity of isotropic foams based on cellulose nanofibrils and a nonionic polyoxamer, and an expanded polystyrene foam was measured over a wide range of temperatures and relative humidity. We show that a previously developed model is unable to capture the strong relative humidity dependence of the thermal conductivity of the hygroscopic, low-density nanocellulose- and nonionic polyoxamer-based foam. Analysis of the moisture uptake and moisture transport was used to develop an empirical model that takes into consideration the moisture content and the wet density of the investigated foam. The new empirical model could predict the thermal conductivity of a foam with a similar composition but almost 3 times higher density. Accurate measurements of the thermal conductivity at controlled temperature and relative humidity and availability of simple models to better predict the thermal conductivity of hygroscopic, low-density foams are necessary for the development of nanocellulose-based insulation materials.

  • 25.
    Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura, Varvara
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Hu, Shiqian
    Lavoine, Nathalie
    Garg, Mohit
    Linares, Mathieu
    Munier, Pierre
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Zozoulenko, Igor
    Shiomi, Junichiro
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Humidity-Dependent Thermal Boundary Conductance Controls Heat Transport of Super-Insulating Nanofibrillar Foams2021In: Matter, ISSN 2590-2393, E-ISSN 2590-2385, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 276-289Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanomaterial (CNM)-based foams and aerogels with thermal conductivities substantially below the value for air attract significant interest as super-insulating materials in energy-efficient green buildings. However, the moisture dependence of the thermal conductivity of hygroscopic CNM-based materials is poorly understood, and the importance of phonon scattering in nanofibrillar foams remains unexplored. Here, we show that the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the aligned nanofibrils in super-insulating ice-templated nanocellulose foams is lower for thinner fibrils and depends strongly on relative humidity (RH), with the lowest thermal conductivity (14 mW m−1 K−1) attained at 35% RH. Molecular simulations show that the thermal boundary conductance is reduced by the moisture-uptake-controlled increase of the fibril-fibril separation distance and increased by the replacement of air with water in the foam walls. Controlling the heat transport of hygroscopic super-insulating nanofibrillar foams by moisture uptake and release is of potential interest in packaging and building applications.

  • 26.
    Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura, Varvara
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Munier, Pierre
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Thermally Insulating Nanocellulose-Based Materials2021In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 33, no 28, article id 2001839Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermally insulating materials based on renewable nanomaterials such as nanocellulose could reduce the energy consumption and the environmental impact of the building sector. Recent reports of superinsulating cellulose nanomaterial (CNM)-based aerogels and foams with significantly better heat transport properties than the commercially dominating materials, such as expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foams, and glass wool, have resulted in a rapidly increasing research activity. Herein, the fundamental basis of thermal conductivity of porous materials is described, and the anisotropic heat transfer properties of CNMs and films with aligned CNMs and the processing and structure of novel CNM-based aerogels and foams with low thermal conductivities are presented and discussed. The extraordinarily low thermal conductivity of anisotropic porous architectures and multicomponent approaches are highlighted and related to the contributions of the Knudsen effect and phonon scattering.

  • 27. Bender, Philipp
    et al.
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hermann, Raphael P.
    Brückel, Thomas
    Wiedenmann, Albrecht
    Disch, Sabrina
    Shape-induced superstructure formation in concentrated ferrofluids under applied magnetic fields2022In: Journal of applied crystallography, ISSN 0021-8898, E-ISSN 1600-5767, Vol. 55, no 6, p. 1613-1621Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The field-induced ordering of concentrated ferrofluids based on spherical and cuboidal maghemite nanoparticles is studied using small-angle neutron scattering, revealing a qualitative effect of the faceted shape on the interparticle interactions as shown in the structure factor and correlation lengths. Whereas a spatially disordered hard-sphere interaction potential with a short correlation length is found for ∼9 nm spherical nanoparticles, nanocubes of a comparable particle size exhibit a more pronounced interparticle interaction and the formation of linear arrangements. Analysis of the anisotropic two-dimensional pair distance correlation function gives insight into the real-space arrangement of the nanoparticles. On the basis of the short interparticle distances found here, oriented attachment, i.e. a face-to-face arrangement of the nanocubes, is likely. The unusual field dependence of the interparticle correlations suggests a field-induced structural rearrangement.

  • 28.
    Bergström, Lennart
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Laakssonen, Aatto
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Self-assembled Materials2009In: Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science / [ed] Robert A. Meyers, Berlin: Springer , 2009, p. 7931-7953Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Bergström, Lennart
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Sturm Nee Rosseeva, Elena V.
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Cölfen, Helmut
    Mesocrystals in Biominerals and Colloidal Arrays2015In: Accounts of Chemical Research, ISSN 0001-4842, E-ISSN 1520-4898, Vol. 48, no 5, p. 1391-1402Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mesocrystals, which originally was a term to designate superstructures of nanocrystals with a common crystallographic orientation, have now evolved to a materials concept. The discovery that many biominerals are mesocrystals generated a large research interest, and it was suggested that mesocrystals result in better mechanical performance and optical properties compared to single crystalline structures. Mesocrystalline biominerals are mainly found in spines or shells, which have to be mechanically optimized for protection or as a load-bearing skeleton. Important examples include red coral and sea urchin spine as well as bones. Mesocrystals can also be formed from purely synthetic components. Biomimetic mineralization and assembly have been used to produce mesocrystals, sometimes with complex hierarchical structures. Important examples include the fluorapatite mesocrystals with gelatin as the structural matrix, and mesocrystalline calcite spicules with impressive strength and flexibility that could be synthesized using silicatein protein fibers as template for calcium carbonate deposition. Self-assembly of nanocrystals can also result in mesocrystals if the nanocrystals have a well-defined size and shape and the assembly conditions are tuned to allow the nanoparticles to align crystallographically. Mesocrystals formed by assembly of monodisperse metallic, semiconducting, and magnetic nanocrystals are a type of colloidal crystal with a well-defined structure on both the atomic and mesoscopic length scale. Mesocrystals typically are hybrid materials between crystalline nanoparticles and interspacing amorphous organic or inorganic layers. This structure allows to combine disparate materials like hard but brittle nanocrystals with a soft and ductile amorphous material, enabling a mechanically optimized structural design as realized in the sea urchin spicule. Furthermore, rnesocrystals can combine the properties of individual nanocrystals like the optical quantum size effect, surface plasmon resonance, and size dependent magnetic properties with a mesostructure and morphology tailored for specific applications. Indeed, mesocrystals composed of crystallographically aligned polyhedral or rodlike nanocrystals with anisotropic properties can be materials with strongly directional properties and novel collective emergent properties. An additional advantage of mesocrystals is that they can combine the properties of nanoparticles with a structure on the micro- or macroscale allowing for much easier handling. In this Account, we propose that mesocrystals are defined as a nanostructured material with a defined long-range order on the atomic scale, which can be inferred from the existence of an essentially sharp wide-angle diffraction pattern (with sharp Bragg peaks) together with clear evidence that the material consists of individual nanoparticle building units. We will give several examples of mesocrystals and discuss the structural characteristics for biominerals, biomimetic materials, and colloidal arrays of nanocrystals. The potential of the mesocrystal materials concept in other areas will be discussed and future developments envisioned.

  • 30.
    Bergström, Lennart
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Sörensen, Malin H
    Boon Sing Ng, Jovice
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Alberius, Peter C.A.
    Improved enzymatic activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase immobilized in a hydrophobic particulate mesoporous carrier2010In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 343, p. 359-365Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus has been immobilized within particulate mesoporous silica carriers, with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic supporting surfaces, produced by the newly developed emulsion and solvent evaporation (ESE) method. The Michaelis–Menten model was used to calculate the parameters related to the enzymatic activity of lipase i.e. the turnover number, kcat, and the specific activity. The specific activity was improved by immobilization of lipase onto the hydrophobic support, compared to lipase immobilized onto the hydrophilic support and lipase free in solution. The enhanced enzymatic activity of lipase onto a hydrophobic support was attributed to interfacial activation of the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase when it is attached to a hydrophobic surface and a reduced denaturation. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) studies, of fluorescently tagged lipase, showed that leakage of the lipase from the mesoporous particles was limited to an initial period of only a few hours. Both the rate and the amount of lipase leached were reduced when the lipase was immobilized onto the hydrophobic support.

  • 31. Blanchart, P.
    et al.
    Dembele, A.
    Dembele, C.
    Plea, M.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Granet, R.
    Sol, V.
    Gloaguen, V.
    Degot, M.
    Krausz, P.
    Mechanism of traditional Bogolan dyeing technique with clay on cotton fabric2010In: Applied Clay Science, ISSN 0169-1317, E-ISSN 1872-9053, Vol. 50, no 4, p. 455-460Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bogolan is a traditional dyeing technique deeply rooted in Mali It uses local clays from Niger River region and a leave extract from N galama trees (Anogeissus leiocarpa) The clay contains a significant amount of iron (hydr)oxides mainly akaganeite It reacts with N galama coating onto cotton to form black or brown colors UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy indicated very similar behavior of N galama leaves extract and carboxylic aromatic acids mainly ellagic or gallic acids which form dark colored complexes with iron Since iron (hydr) oxides are coated on clay mineral particles they contribute to the fixation of the Clay mineral particles and also cause the dark color X-ray diffraction of oriented tissue and SEM observations confirmed the presence of clay particles attached on the fiber surface.

  • 32. Cervin, Nicholas T.
    et al.
    Andersson, Linnea
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Ng, Jovice Boon Sing
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Olin, Pontus
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wågberg, Lars
    Lightweight and Strong Cellulose Materials Made from Aqueous Foams Stabilized by Nanofibrillated Cellulose2013In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 503-511Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A lightweight and strong porous cellulose material has been prepared by drying aqueous foams stabilized with surface-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). This material differs from other dry, particle stabilized foams in that renewable cellulose is used as stabilizing particles. Confocal microscopy and high speed video imaging show that the octylamine-coated, rod-shaped NFC nanoparticles residing at the air-liquid interface prevent the air bubbles from collapsing or coalescing. Stable wet foams can be achieved at solids content around 1% by weight. Careful removal of the water results in a cellulose-based material with a porosity of 98% and a density of 30 mg cm(-3). These porous cellulose materials have a higher Young's modulus than porous cellulose materials made from freeze-drying, at comparable densities, and have a compressive energy absorption of 56 kJ m(-3) at 80% strain. Measurement with the aid of an autoporosimeter revealed that most pores are in the range of 300 to 500 mu m.

  • 33.
    Church, Tamara L.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Kriechbaum, Konstantin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Emami, S. Noushin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute. University of Greenwich, U.K..
    Mozuraitis, Raimondas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Functional Wood-Foam Composites for Controlled Uptake and Release2021In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, E-ISSN 2168-0485, Vol. 9, no 46, p. 15571-15581Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wood-foam hierarchical composites were produced via the shear-forced infiltration of shear-thinning nanocellulose-based foams or gels into the tracheids of Picea abies. Shear processing viscoelastic and shear-thinning aqueous foams composed of cellulose nanocrystals, methylcellulose, and tannic acid (total solids content: 2 wt %) resulted in foam-filled wood composites containing 15-20 wt % foam, with open foam structures and compression strengths similar to those of unmodified P. abies. An amino-functionalized nanocellulose-containing foam confined in wood reversibly adsorbed CO2, retaining 15% of its theoretical uptake capacity over 50 cycles in the thermogravimetric analyzer, and a citronellol-loaded foam released this mosquito-repellent compound over four days, as evaluated using solid-phase microextraction. Shear-forced infiltration of functional foams into wood is an operationally simple route to hierarchically porous composites based on renewable materials.

  • 34.
    Church, Tamara L.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Kriechbaum, Konstantin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Schiele, Carina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura, Varvara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hadi, Seyed Ehsan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    A Stiff, Tough, and Thermally Insulating Air- and Ice-Templated Plant-Based Foam2022In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 23, no 6, p. 2595-2602Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By forming and directionally freezing an aqueous foam containing cellulose nanofibrils, methylcellulose, and tannic acid, we produced a stiff and tough anisotropic solid foam with low radial thermal conductivity. Along the ice-templating direction, the foam was as stiff as nanocellulose–clay composites, despite being primarily methylcellulose by mass. The foam was also stiff perpendicular to the direction of ice growth, while maintaining λr < 25 mW m–1 K–1 for a relative humidity (RH) up to 65% and <30 mW m–1 K–1 at 80% RH. This work introduces the tandem use of two practical techniques, foam formation and directional freezing, to generate a low-density anisotropic material, and this strategy could be applied to other aqueous systems where foam formation is possible. 

  • 35.
    Di, Andi
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Schiele, Carina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hadi, Seyed Ehsan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Thermally Insulating and Moisture-Resilient Foams Based on Upcycled Aramid Nanofibers and Nanocellulose2023In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 35, no 48, article id 2305195Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low-density foams and aerogels based on upcycled and bio-based nanofibers and additives are promising alternatives to fossil-based thermal insulation materials. Super-insulating foams are prepared from upcycled acid-treated aramid nanofibers (upANFA) obtained from Kevlar yarn and tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from wood. The ice-templated hybrid upANFA/CNF-based foams with an upANFA content of up to 40 wt% display high thermal stability and a very low thermal conductivity of 18–23 mW m−1 K−1 perpendicular to the aligned nanofibrils over a wide relative humidity (RH) range of 20% to 80%. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid upANFA/CNF foams is found to decrease with increasing upANFA content (5–20 wt%). The super-insulating properties of the CNF-upANFA hybrid foams are related to the low density of the foams and the strong interfacial phonon scattering between the very thin and partially branched upANFA and CNF in the hybrid foam walls. Defibrillated nanofibers from textiles are not limited to Kevlar, and this study can hopefully inspire efforts to upcycle textile waste into high-performance products.

  • 36.
    Di, Andi
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Xu, Jipeng
    Zinn, Thomas
    Sztucki, Michael
    Deng, Wentao
    Ashok, Anumol
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Lian, Cheng
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Tunable Ordered Nanostructured Phases by Co-assembly of Amphiphilic Polyoxometalates and Pluronic Block Copolymers2023In: Nano Letters, ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 23, no 5, p. 1645-1651Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The assembly of polyoxometalate (POM) metal–oxygen clusters into ordered nanostructures is attracting a growing interest for catalytic and sensing applications. However, assembly of ordered nanostructured POMs from solution can be impaired by aggregation, and the structural diversity is poorly understood. Here, we present a time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of the co-assembly in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic organo-functionalized Wells-Dawson-type POMs with a Pluronic block copolymer over a wide concentration range in levitating droplets. SAXS analysis revealed the formation and subsequent transformation with increasing concentration of large vesicles, a lamellar phase, a mixture of two cubic phases that evolved into one dominating cubic phase, and eventually a hexagonal phase formed at concentrations above 110 mM. The structural versatility of co-assembled amphiphilic POMs and Pluronic block copolymers was supported by dissipative particle dynamics simulations and cryo-TEM. 

  • 37. Disch, S.
    et al.
    Hermann, R. P.
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Podlesnyak, A. A.
    An, K.
    Hyeon, T.
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Brueckel, Th.
    Spin excitations in cubic maghemite nanoparticles studied by time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy2014In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 89, no 6, p. 064402-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have determined the field dependence of collective magnetic excitations in iron oxide nanoparticles of cubic shape with 8.42(2) nm edge length and a narrow log normal size distribution of 8.2(2)% using time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy. The energy dependence of the uniform precession modes was investigated up to 5 T applied field and yields a Lande factor g = 2.05(2) as expected for maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. A large effective anisotropy field of B-A,B-eff = 0.45(16) T was determined, in excellent agreement with macroscopic measurements. This anisotropy is attributed to enhanced shape anisotropy in these monodisperse cubic nanoparticles. The combination of our results with macroscopic magnetization information provides a consistent view of the energy scales of superparamagnetic relaxation and collective magnetic excitations in magnetic nanoparticles.

  • 38. Disch, Sabrina
    et al.
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hermann, Raphael P.
    Korolkov, Denis
    Busch, Peter
    Boesecke, Peter
    Lyon, Olivier
    Vainio, Ulla
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Brueckel, Thomas
    Structural diversity in iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies as directed by particle morphology and orientation2013In: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, E-ISSN 2040-3372, Vol. 5, no 9, p. 3969-3975Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mesostructure of ordered arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles is controlled by a combination of packing constraints and interparticle interactions, two factors that are strongly dependent on the particle morphology. We have investigated how the degree of truncation of iron oxide nanocubes controls the mesostructure and particle orientation in drop cast mesocrystal arrays. The combination of grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy shows that mesocrystals of highly truncated cubic nanoparticles assemble in an fcc-type mesostructure, similar to arrays formed by iron oxide nanospheres, but with a significantly reduced packing density and displaying two different growth orientations. Strong satellite reflections in the GISAXS pattern indicate a commensurate mesoscopic superstructure that is related to stacking faults in mesocrystals of the anisotropic nanocubes. Our results show how subtle variation in shape anisotropy can induce oriented arrangements of nanoparticles of different structures and also create mesoscopic superstructures of larger periodicity.

  • 39. Disch, Sabrina
    et al.
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hermann, Raphaël
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Busch, Peter
    Brückel, Thomas
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Kamali, Saeed
    Shape Induced Symmetry in Self-Assembled Mesocrystals of Iron Oxide Nanocubes2011In: Nano letters (Print), ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 11, no 4, p. 1651-1656Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Grazing incidence small-angle scattering and electron microscopy have been used to show for the first time that nonspherical nanoparticles can assemble into highly ordered body-centered tetragonal mesocrystals. Energy models accounting for the directionality and magnitude of the van der Waals and dipolar interactions as a function of the degree of truncation of the nanocubes illustrated the importance of the directional dipolar forces for the formation of the initial nanocube clusters and the dominance of the van der Waals multibody interactions in the dense packed arrays.

  • 40. Dish, Sabina
    et al.
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hermann, Raphäel P.
    Wiedenmann, A.
    Vainio, U.
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Brückel, Thomas
    Quantitative spatial magnetization distribution in iron oxide nanocubes and nanospheres by polarized small-angle neutron scattering2012In: New Journal of Physics, E-ISSN 1367-2630, Vol. 14, p. 013025-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By means of polarized small-angle neutron scattering, we have resolved the long-standing challenge of determining the magnetization distribution in magnetic nanoparticles in absolute units. The reduced magnetization, localized in non-interacting nanoparticles, indicates strongly particle shape-dependent surface spin canting with a 0.3(1) and 0.5(1) nm thick surface shell of reduced magnetization found for similar to 9 nm nanospheres and similar to 8.5 nm nanocubes, respectively. Further, the reduced macroscopic magnetization in nanoparticles results not only from surface spin canting, but also from drastically reduced magnetization inside the uniformly magnetized core as compared to the bulk material. Our microscopic results explain the low macroscopic magnetization commonly found in nanoparticles.

  • 41.
    Estrader, Marta
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). University of Barcelona, Spain.
    Lopez-Ortega, Alberto
    Golosovsky, Igor V.
    Estrade, Sonia
    Roca, Alejandro G.
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Lopez-Conesa, Lluis
    Tobia, Dina
    Winkler, Elin
    Ardisson, Jose D.
    Macedo, Waldemar A. A.
    Morphis, Andreas
    Vasilakaki, Marianna
    Trohidou, Kalliopi N.
    Gukasov, Arsen
    Mirebeau, Isabelle
    Makarova, O. L.
    Zysler, Roberto D.
    Peiro, Francesca
    Baro, Maria Dolors
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Nogues, Josep
    Origin of the large dispersion of magnetic properties in nanostructured oxides: FexO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a case study2015In: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, E-ISSN 2040-3372, Vol. 7, no 7, p. 3002-3015Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The intimate relationship between stoichiometry and physicochemical properties in transition-metal oxides makes them appealing as tunable materials. These features become exacerbated when dealing with nanostructures. However, due to the complexity of nanoscale materials, establishing a distinct relationship between structure-morphology and functionalities is often complicated. In this regard, in the FexO/Fe3O4 system a largely unexplained broad dispersion of magnetic properties has been observed. Here we show, thanks to a comprehensive multi-technique approach, a clear correlation between the magneto-structural properties in large (45 nm) and small (9 nm) FexO/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles that can explain the spread of magnetic behaviors. The results reveal that while the FexO core in the large nanoparticles is antiferromagnetic and has bulk-like stoichiometry and unit-cell parameters, the FexO core in the small particles is highly non-stoichiometric and strained, displaying no significant antiferromagnetism. These results highlight the importance of ample characterization to fully understand the properties of nanostructured metal oxides.

  • 42. Farhadi-Khouzani, Masoud
    et al.
    Schütz, Christina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Sweden.
    Durak, Grażyna M.
    Fornell, Jordina
    Sort, Jordi
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Sweden.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Sweden.
    Gebauer, Denis
    A CaCO3/nanocellulose-based bioinspired nacre-like material2017In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, Vol. 5, no 31, p. 16128-16133Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nacre continues to be an inspiration for the fabrication of strong and tough materials from renewable and earth-abundant raw materials. Herein, we showed how a nacre-like hybrid material based on nanocellulose (NC) and CaCO3 can be prepared via the sequential infiltration of polymer-stabilised CaCO3 liquid precursors into layers of predeposited NC films. Layer-by-layer assembly of the NC films followed by controlled spreading and infiltration with liquid CaCO3 precursors generated a lamellar material with an architecture and iridescent appearance similar to those of nacre. The wettability of the NC films towards the liquid CaCO3 precursors was controlled by hydroxyl and carboxyl functionalization of the NC fibrils and the addition of magnesium ions. The combination of a high stiffness and plasticity of the nacre-like NC/CaCO3 hybrid materials show that excellent mechanical properties can be obtained employing a fibrillar organic constituent that is relatively hard. The fabrication of a nacrelike hybrid material via an aqueous route of assembly and infiltration processing demonstrates how a sustainable composite material with outstanding properties can be produced using the most abundant biopolymer and biomineral on earth.

  • 43.
    Faure, Bertrand
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Ahniyaz, Anwar
    Villaluenga, Irune
    Berriozabal, Gemma
    De Miguel, Yolanda R.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Dispersion and surface functionalization of oxide nanoparticles for transparent photocatalytic and UV-protecting coatings and sunscreens2013In: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, ISSN 1468-6996, E-ISSN 1878-5514, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 023001-Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This review describes recent efforts on the synthesis, dispersion and surface functionalization of the three dominating oxide nanoparticles used for photocatalytic, UV-blocking and sunscreen applications: titania, zinc oxide, and ceria. The gas phase and liquid phase synthesis is described briefly and examples are given of how weakly aggregated photocatalytic or UV-absorbing oxide nanoparticles with different composition, morphology and size can be generated. The principles of deagglomeration are reviewed and the specific challenges for nanoparticles highlighted. The stabilization of oxide nanoparticles in both aqueous and non-aqueous media requires a good understanding of the magnitude of the interparticle forces and the surface chemistry of the materials. Quantitative estimates of the Hamaker constants in various media and measurements of the isoelectric points for the different oxide nanoparticles are presented together with an overview of different additives used to prepare stable dispersions. The structural and chemical requirements and the various routes to produce transparent photocatalytic and nanoparticle-based UV-protecting coatings, and UV-blocking sunscreens are described and discussed.

  • 44.
    Faure, Bertrand
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Hamaker Constants of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles2011In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 27, no 14, p. 8659-8664Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Hamaker constants for iron oxide nanoparticles in various media have been calculated using Lifshitz theory. Expressions for the dielectric responses of three iron oxide phases (magnetite, maghemite, and hematite) were derived from recently published optical data. The nonretarded Hamaker constants for the iron oxide nanopartides interacting across water, A(1w1) = 33 - 39 zJ, correlate relatively well with previous reports, whereas the calculated values in nonpolar solvents (hexane and toluene), A(131) = 9 29 zJ, are much lower than the previous estimates, particularly for magnetite. The magnitude of van der Waals interactions varies significantly between the studied phases (magnetite < maghemite < hematite), which highlights the importance of a thorough characterization of the particles. The contribution of magnetic dispersion interactions for particle sizes in the superparamagnetic regime was found to be negligible. Previous conjectures related to colloidal stability and self-assembly have been revisited on the basis of the new Lifshitz values of the Hamaker constants.

  • 45.
    Faure, Bertrand
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Sæderup Lindeløv, Jesper
    Wahlberg, Michael
    Adkins, Nicholas
    Jackson, Phil
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Spray drying of TiO2 nanoparticles into redispersible granules2010In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 203, no 2, p. 384-388Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have demonstrated how titania nanoparticles can be spray-dried to produce redispersible granules. Theevaluation of different dispersants using rheology, particle size and electrokinetic measurements showedthat an anionic carboxylated polyelectrolyte, Dispex N40, was able to stabilize the primary aggregates of thetitania nanoparticles with a size of about 180 nm at an addition of 2.4% dry-weight basis over a relativelylarge pH-range. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the commercial P-25 titania nanopowdercould not be deagglomerated down to the individual crystallite size of 15–40 nm. Spherical granules with asize between 20 and 50 μm and a minimum amount of dusty fines could be produced by spray drying theaqueous titania dispersions in a configuration with internal bag filters. The granules could be completelydisintegrated and redispersed in water by ultrasonication into a stable suspension with a size distributionthat is identical to the as-received powder. The possibility to prepare redispersible nanoparticle granules byspray drying is a route to minimize the risk of airborne exposure and facilitate the handling of nanopowders.

  • 46.
    Faure, Bertrand
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wetterskog, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Gunnarsson, Klas
    Josten, Elisabeth
    Hermann, Raphael P.
    Brueckel, Thomas
    Andreasen, Jens Wenzel
    Meneau, Florian
    Meyer, Mathias
    Lyubartsev, Alexander
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Svedlindh, Peter
    2D to 3D crossover of the magnetic properties in ordered arrays of iron oxide nanocrystals2013In: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, E-ISSN 2040-3372, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 953-960Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The magnetic 2D to 3D crossover behavior of well-ordered arrays of monodomain gamma-Fe2O3 spherical nanoparticles with different thicknesses has been investigated by magnetometry and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Using the structural information of the arrays obtained from grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy together with the experimentally determined values for the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticles, we show that MC simulations can reproduce the thickness-dependent magnetic behavior. The magnetic dipolar particle interactions induce a ferromagnetic coupling that increases in strength with decreasing thickness of the array. The 2D to 3D transition in the magnetic properties is mainly driven by a change in the orientation of the magnetic vortex states with increasing thickness, becoming more isotropic as the thickness of the array increases. Magnetic anisotropy prevents long-range ferromagnetic order from being established at low temperature and the nanoparticle magnetic moments instead freeze along directions defined by the distribution of easy magnetization directions.

  • 47. Garg, Mohit
    et al.
    Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura, Varvara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Linares, Mathieu
    Kaldéus, Tahani
    Malmström, Eva
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK). KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Zozoulenko, Igor
    Moisture uptake in nanocellulose: the effects of relative humidity, temperature and degree of crystallinity2021In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 28, no 14, p. 9007-9021Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Foams made from cellulose nanomaterials are highly porous and possess excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties. However, the moisture uptake and hygroscopic properties of these materials need to be better understood for their use in biomedical and bioelectronics applications, in humidity sensing and thermal insulation. In this work, we present a combination of hybrid Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations and experimental measurements to investigate the moisture uptake within nanocellulose foams. To explore the effect of surface modification on moisture uptake we used two types of celluloses, namely TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils and carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils. We find that the moisture uptake in both the cellulose nanomaterials increases with increasing relative humidity (RH) and decreases with increasing temperature, which is explained using the basic thermodynamic principles. The measured and calculated moisture uptake in amorphous cellulose (for a given RH or temperature) is higher as compared to crystalline cellulose with TEMPO- and CM-modified surfaces. The high water uptake of amorphous cellulose films is related to the formation of water-filled pores with increasing RH. The microscopic insight of water uptake in nanocellulose provided in this study can assist the design and fabrication of high-performance cellulose materials with improved properties for thermal insulation in humid climates or packaging of water sensitive goods.

  • 48.
    Gebauer, Denis
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Gunawidjaja, Philips N.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Physical Chemistry.
    Ko, J. Y. Peter
    Bacsik, Zoltan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Aziz, Baroz
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Liu, Lijia
    Hu, Yongfeng
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Tai, Cheuk-Wai
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Sham, Tsun-Kong
    Edén, Mattias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Physical Chemistry.
    Hedin, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Proto-Calcite and Proto-Vaterite in Amorphous Calcium Carbonates2010In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 49, no 47, p. 8889-8891Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Amorphous order: Amorphous calcium carbonates (ACC) have an intrinsic structure relating to the crystalline polymorphs of calcite and vaterite. The proto-crystalline structures of calcite and vaterite (pc-ACC and pv-ACC) are analyzed by NMR (see picture), IR, and EXAFS spectroscopy, which shows that the structuring of ACC relates to the underlying pH-dependent equilibria.

  • 49. Gebauer, Denis
    et al.
    Kellermeier, Matthias
    Gale, Julian D.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Cölfen, Helmut
    Pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in crystallisation2014In: Chemical Society Reviews, ISSN 0306-0012, E-ISSN 1460-4744, Vol. 43, no 7, p. 2348-2371Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Crystallisation is at the heart of various scientific disciplines, but still the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying phase separation and the formation of the first solid particles in aqueous solution is rather limited. In this review, classical nucleation theory, as well as established concepts of spinodal decomposition and liquid-liquid demixing, is introduced together with a description of the recently proposed pre-nucleation cluster pathway. The features of pre-nucleation clusters are presented and discussed in relation to recent modifications of the classical and established models for phase separation, together with a review of experimental work and computer simulations on the characteristics of pre-nucleation clusters of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, iron(oxy)(hydr) oxide, silica, and also amino acids as an example of small organic molecules. The role of pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in the emergence of a new phase is summarized, and the link between the chemical speciation of homogeneous solutions and the process of phase separation via pre-nucleation clusters is highlighted.

  • 50.
    Gebauer, Denis
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Oliynyk, Vitaliy
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Salajkova, Michaela
    Sort, Jordi
    Zhou, Qi
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    A transparent hybrid of nanocrystalline cellulose and amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles2011In: NANOSCALE, ISSN 2040-3364, Vol. 3, no 9, p. 3563-3566Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocellulose hybrids are promising candidates for biodegradable multifunctional materials. Hybrids of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles were obtained through a facile chemical approach over a wide range of compositions. Controlling the interactions between NCC and ACC results in hard, transparent structures with tunable composition, homogeneity and anisotropy.

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