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  • 1.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Transition metal-catalysed enol formation from allylic alcohols: Isomerisation, C−C and C−F bond formations 2011Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis describes the isomerisation of allylic alcohols into enols and enolates catalysed by transition metal complexes. The transformation has been used to prepare both unsubstituted and α-substituted carbonyl compounds. Significant attention has been given to the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.

    In the first part of this thesis, an environmentally benign procedure for the redox isomerisation of allylic alcohols into ketones is described. The reaction takes place in water and at room temperature using a cationic rhodium complex in combination with water-soluble phosphines. A variety of allylic alcohols could be isomerised in high yields using this procedure.

    The second part describes the combination of an allylic alcohol isomerisation with a C−C bond formation, catalysed by a rhodium complex. In this way, allylic alcohols were coupled with aldehydes and N-tosyl imines forming aldol and Mannich-type products. In addition, homoallylic and bishomoallylic alcohols were for the first time isomerised into the corresponding enolates and coupled using this methodology.

    In the third part of this thesis, the isomerisation of allylic alcohols was coupled with a C−F bond formation using an iridium complex and electrophilic fluorinating reagents. This novel transformation was used to convert allylic alcohols into single regioisomers of α-fluoroketones. The reaction is tolerant to air and water and takes place at room temperature.

    All of the reactions described take place under mild conditions, are operationally simple, and utilise catalysts formed in situ from commercially available metal complexes and ligands.

  • 2.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Transition metal-catalysed isomerisation of allylic alcohols: Applications to C−C, C−F and C−Cl bond formation2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this thesis has been to develop selective and atom-economical methods for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation, and to some extent improve on existing findings in this area. More specifically, methods for the catalytic generation of enolates from allylic alcohols and their in situ functionalisation with electrophilic reagents are described.  

    In the first part of this thesis, a method for the Rh-catalysed redox-isomerisation of allylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds under environmentally benign conditions is described. The reaction takes place at room temperature, in the absence of acids or bases, using water as the only solvent, and it is applicable to both primary and secondary allylic alcohols.

    The second part describes the combination of an isomerisation reaction of allylic alcohols with a C−C bond formation, catalysed by a rhodium complex. In this way, allylic alcohols were coupled with aldehydes and N-tosylimines to give aldol and Mannich-type products. In addition to allylic alcohols, homoallylic and bishomoallylic alcohols could be used as enolate precursors, and this is the first report where the latter two substrate types have been used in such a reaction.       

    In the remaining parts of the thesis, an iridium-catalysed isomerisation of allylic alcohols has been combined with an electrophilic halogenation step to provide a conceptually new method for the synthesis of α-halogenated carbonyl compounds. In this way, α-fluoro and α-chloroketones have been synthesised as single constitutional isomers, with the regiochemistry of the final products determined by the position of the double bond in the allylic alcohols. The reactions are tolerant to air, run in water-organic solvent mixtures, and proceed at room temperature.

  • 3.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Agrawal, Santosh
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    A facile synthesis of α-fluoro ketones catalyzed by [Cp*IrCl2](2)2011In: Synthesis (Stuttgart), ISSN 0039-7881, E-ISSN 1437-210X, no 16, p. 2600-2608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Allylic alcohols are isomerized into enolates (enols) by [Cp*IrCl2]2. The enolates react with Selectfluor present in the reaction media. This method produces α-fluoro ketones as single constitutional isomers in high yields.

  • 4.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Allylic alcohols as synthetic enolate equivalents: Isomerisation and tandem reactions catalysed by transition metal complexes2012In: Dalton Transactions, ISSN 1477-9226, E-ISSN 1477-9234, Vol. 41, no 6, p. 1660-1670Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Allylic alcohols can be isomerised into carbonyl compounds by transition metal complexes. In the last few years, catalyst design and development have resulted in highly efficient isomerisations under mild reaction conditions, including enantioselective versions. In addition, the isomerisation of allylic alcohols has been combined with C-C bond forming reactions when electrophiles such as aldehydes or imines were present in the reaction mixture. Also, C-F bonds can be formed when electrophilic fluorinating reagents are used. Thus, allylic alcohols can be treated as latent enol(ate)s. In this article, we highlight the latest developments concerning the isomerisation of allylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds, focusing in particular on tandem isomerisation/C-C or C-heteroatom bond formation processes. Significant attention is given to the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.

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  • 5.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bermejo Gomez, Antonio
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Iridium-Catalyzed 1,3-Hydrogen Shift/Chlorination of Allylic Alcohols2013In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 52, no 24, p. 6273-6276Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 6.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bermejo-Gómez, Antonio
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of α-chlorinated ketones and aldehydes: Iridium-catalyzed tandem 1,3-H shift/chlorination of allylic alcoholsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Lundberg, Helena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Rhodium-catalysed isomerisation of allylic alcohols in water at ambient temperature2010In: Green Chemistry, ISSN 1463-9262, E-ISSN 1463-9270, Vol. 12, no 9, p. 1628-1633Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An environmentally benign method for the transformation of allylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds is described. Using [Rh(COD(CH3CN)(2)]BF4 (2) in combination with 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA, 1) as the catalytic system in water results in a very fast redox isomerisation of a variety of secondary allylic alcohols at ambient temperature. Also, some primary allylic alcohols can be isomerised into the corresponding aldehydes. The active complex, which in some cases can be used in catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol%, is formed in situ from commercially available reagents. Based on deuterium labelling studies, a tentative mechanism involving metal-enone intermediates is presented.

  • 8.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ir-catalysed formation of C-F bonds. From allylic alcohols to α-fluoroketones2011In: Chemical Communications, ISSN 1359-7345, E-ISSN 1364-548X, Vol. 47, no 29, p. 8331-8333Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel iridium-catalysed tandem isomerisation/C-F bond formation from allylic alcohols and Selectfluor® to prepare α-fluorinated ketones as single constitutional isomers is reported.

  • 9.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Rhodium-catalysed coupling of allylic, homoallylic, and bishomoallylic alcohols with aldehydes and N-tosylimines2010In: Abstracts of Papers, 239th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, March 21-25, 2010, American Chemical Society , 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Rhodium-catalysed coupling of allylic, homoallylic, and bishomoallylic alcohols with aldehydes and N-tosylimines: insights into the mechanism2009In: Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, ISSN 1615-4150, E-ISSN 1615-4169, Vol. 351, no 16, p. 2657-2666Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The isomerisation of alkenols followed by reaction with aldehydes or N-tosylimines catalysed by rhodium complexes has been studied. The catalytically active rhodium complex is formed in situ from commercially available (cyclooctadiene)rhodium(l) chloride dimer [Rh(COD)Cl](2). The tandem process affords aldol and Mannich-type products in excellent yields. The key to the success of the coupling reaction is the activation of the catalysts by reaction with postassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK), which promotes a catalytic cycle via alkoxides rather than rhodium hydrides. This mechanism minimises the formation of unwanted by-products. The mechanism has been studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and deuterium labelling experiments.

  • 11.
    Bacsik, Zoltan
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ziadi, Asraa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Zhao, Guoying
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Garcia-Bennett, Alfonso E.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Hedin, Niklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Mechanisms and Kinetics for Sorption of CO(2) on Bicontinuous Mesoporous Silica Modified with n-Propylamine2011In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 27, no 17, p. 11118-11128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We studied equilibrium adsorption and uptake kinetics and identified molecular species that formed during sorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified silica. Bicontinuous silicas (AMS-6 and MCM-48) were postsynthetically modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane or (3-aminopropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, and amine-modified AMS-6 adsorbed more CO(2) than did amine-modified MCM-48. By in situ FTIR spectroscopy, we showed that the amine groups reacted with CO(2) and formed ammonium carbamate ion pairs as well as carbamic acids under both dry and moist conditions. The carbamic acid was stabilized by hydrogen bonds, and ammonium carbamate ion pairs formed preferably on sorbents with high densities of amine groups. Under dry conditions, silylpropylcarbamate formed, slowly, by condensing carbamic acid and silanol groups. The ratio of ammonium carbamate ion pairs to silylpropylcarbamate was higher for samples with high amine contents than samples with low amine contents. Bicarbonates or carbonates did not form under dry or moist conditions. The uptake of CO(2) was enhanced in the presence of water, which was rationalized by the observed release of additional amine groups under these conditions and related formation of ammonium carbamate ion pairs. Distinct evidence for a fourth and irreversibly formed moiety was observed under sorption of CO(2) under dry conditions. Significant amounts of physisorbed, linear CO(2) were detected at relatively high partial pressures of CO(2), such that they could adsorb only after the reactive amine groups were consumed.

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  • 12.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Enantioselective Synthesis of Alcohols and Amines by Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenation, and Related Processes2013In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 19, no 23, p. 7274-7302Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The preparation of chiral alcohols and amines by using iridium catalysis is reviewed. The methods presented include the reduction of ketones or imines by using hydrogen (hydrogenations), isopropanol, formic acid, or formate (transfer hydrogenations). Also dynamic and oxidative kinetic resolutions leading to chiral alcohols and amines are included. Selected literature reports from early contributions to December 2012 are discussed.

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  • 13.
    Bermejo Gómez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Platero-Prats, Ana E.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 2-aminothiazoles from a,b-unsaturated ketones: Preparation of 5-benzyl-4-methyl-2-aminothiazolium hydrochloride salt2014In: Organic Syntheses, ISSN 0078-6209, E-ISSN 2333-3553, Vol. 91, p. 185-200Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Bermejo-Gómez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles from α,β-unsaturated ketones: Preparation of 5-Benzyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine hydrochlorideManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Tandem transformations of allylic alcohols using transition metal complexes2010In: Abstracts of Papers, 239th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, March 21-25, 2010, American Chemical Society , 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Sahoo, Suman
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Structural Chemistry.
    Lundberg, Helena
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Structural Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Heterogeneous Rh-Catalyzed Reactions of Allylic Alcohols2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of metal-catalyzed reactions that are atom-economical, environmentally benign, and highly selective and that take place under mild reaction conditions is of extreme importance. The isomerization of allylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds can be catalyzed by transition metal complexes. We have shown before that this transformation involves the formation of metal enolates. When this isomerization is performed under homogeneous conditions in the presence of an electrophile, a new C-C bond is formed in a regioselective manner.

    1 Here, we present our studies towards the use of immobilized transition metal complexes as heterogeneous catalysts in tandem transformations of allylic alcohols. Different strategies and supports for the immobilization have been compared in this study.

  • 17.
    Sahoo, Suman
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Lundberg, Helena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Edén, Mattias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Physical Chemistry.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Wan, Wei
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Single Site Supported Cationic Rhodium(I) Complexes for the Selective Redox Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols2012In: ChemCatChem, ISSN 1867-3880, E-ISSN 1867-3899, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 243-250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The isomerization of allylic alcohols to carbonyl compounds by a heterogeneous rhodium complex is reported. Different silica material supports and catalyst/ligand systems were evaluated. The most efficient catalyst in terms of catalytic activity and stability was found to be a cationic rhodium(I) complex with sulfonated phosphine ligands anchored on a mesoporous aluminosilica AlSBA-15. The heterogeneous complex catalyzed the isomerization of a variety of allylic alcohols in excellent yields with very low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %). The catalyst could be recycled without significant loss of activity or selectivity. The optimized catalyst was characterized by N2 sorption, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, as well as solution and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopies.

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