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  • 1.
    Andrighetto, Giulia
    et al.
    Institute of Cognitive Science and Technology (CRI), Rome.
    Boella, Guido
    University of Torino.
    Sichman, Jaime
    University of Sao Paulo.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Preface to Special Issue on Social Networks and Multiagent Systems2011In: Computational and mathematical organization theory, ISSN 1381-298X, E-ISSN 1572-9346, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 315-317Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Antosz, Patrycja
    et al.
    Rembiasz, Tomasz
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Employee shirking and overworking: modelling the unintended consequences of work organisation2020In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 63, no 8, p. 997-1009Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Underworking (i.e. shirking) and overworking of employees can have detrimental effects for the individual and the organisation. We develop a computational model to investigate how work structure, specifically the way in which managers distribute work tasks amongst employees, impacts work intensity and working time. The model draws on theories from economics, psychology and management, and on empirical observations. The simulations show that when managers correctly estimate task difficulty, but undervalue the employee's competence, opportunities for shirking are provided due to longer deadlines. Similarly, if managers overvalue the employee's competence, they set tighter deadlines leading to overwork. If task difficulty is misjudged, initially only influence on employee working time is observed. However, it gradually generates competence misjudgements, indirectly impacting the employee's effort level. An interaction between competence misjudgement and task uncertainty slows the manager's ability to correctly estimate employee competence and prolongs initial competence misjudgements. The study highlights the importance of applying dynamic modelling methods, which allows for testing theory assumptions in silico, generating new hypotheses and offers a foundation for future research. Practitioner summary: A computational model was developed to investigate how the structure of work allocation influences opportunities for shirking and overworking by employees. The paper demonstrates how dynamic modelling can be used to explain workplace phenomena and develop new hypotheses for further research.

  • 3. Antosz, Patrycja
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Qualitative Data in the Service of Model Building: The Case of Structural Shirking2020In: Advances in Social Simulation: Looking in the Mirror / [ed] Harko Verhagen, Melania Borit, Giangiacomo Bravo, Nanda Wijermans, Springer, 2020, p. 33-45Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter shows how qualitative data can inform building computational models. The general issue is illustrated with the example of a model of structural shirking in organisations, i.e. insufficient time and effort stemming from the structure of the performed work. The first attempt to build a model of shirking with the use of assumptions present in social scientific theories displayed many shortcomings. Thus, a mixed-methods approach was chosen to inform the development of a second computational model. Conceptualising the second model began with performing individual IDIs with managers and lower-level employees and augmenting them with analyses of Polish legislation regulating employment relationships. Initial findings were enriched with theoretical assumptions. The complete concept of the mechanism of structural shirking was operationalised as acomputational model. Having developed both models, we discuss the phenomenon of shirking informing theories and real-world practices, as well as ways to study these practices in novel forms.

  • 4. Balke, Tina
    et al.
    Cranefield, Stephen
    Di Tosto, Gennaro
    Mahmoud, Samhar
    Paolucci, Mario
    Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Simulation and NorMAS2013In: Normative Multi-Agent Systems, Dagstuhl: Schloss Dagstuhl--Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik , 2013, Vol. 4, p. 171-189Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, we discuss state of the art and future perspective of the study of norms with simulative methodologies, in particular employing agent-based simulation. After presenting the state of the art and framing the simulative research on norms in a norm life-cycle schema, we list those research challenges that we feel more apt to be tackled by the simulative approach. We conclude the chapter with the indications for the realization of a NorMAS simulation platform, illustrated by selected scenarios. 

  • 5. Balke, Tina
    et al.
    Mahmood, Samhar
    Neumann, Martin
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Analysing the Electrical Patient Recruiting Agent System using the WIT trinity2014In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Social Intelligence (ECSI-2014) / [ed] Andreas Herzig, Emiliano Lorini, CEUR-WS.org , 2014, p. 329-335Conference paper (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 6. Barot, Camille
    et al.
    Buro, Michael
    Cook, Michael
    Eladhari, Mirjam
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Johansson, Magnus
    Li, Boyang
    Liapis, Antonios
    McCoy, Josh
    Ontanon, Santiago
    Rowe, Jonathan
    Tomai, Emmett
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Zook, Alexander
    The AIIDE 2015 Workshop Program2016In: The AI Magazine, ISSN 0738-4602, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 91-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The workshop program at the 11th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment was held November 14-15, 2015, at the University of California, Santa Cruz, USA. The program included four workshops (one of which was a joint workshop): Artificial Intelligence in Adversarial Real-Time Games, Experimental AI in Games, Intelligent Narrative Technologies and Social Believability in Games, and Player Modeling. This article contains the reports of three of the four workshops.

  • 7. Boella, Guido
    et al.
    Noriega, Pablo
    Pigozzi, Gabriella
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Introduction to the special issue on NorMAS 20092013In: Journal of logic and computation (Print), ISSN 0955-792X, E-ISSN 1465-363X, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 307-308Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 8. Boella, Guido
    et al.
    Pigozzi, Gabriella
    Singh, Munindar
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Normative Multiagent Systems: Guest Editors’ Introduction2010In: Logic journal of the IGPL (Print), ISSN 1367-0751, E-ISSN 1368-9894, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 1-3Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9. Boella, Guido
    et al.
    van der Torre, Leendert
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Introduction to Normative Multiagent Systems2006In: Computational and mathematical organization theory, ISSN 1381-298X, E-ISSN 1572-9346, Vol. 12, no 2-3, p. 71-79Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article introduces the research issues related to and definition of normative multiagent systems. It also describes the papers selected from NorMAS05 that are part of this double special issue and relates the papers to each other.

  • 10. Boella, Guido
    et al.
    van der Torre, Leendert
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. Kommunikation och kognition.
    Introduction to Normative Multiagent Systems2007Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 11.
    Boella, Guido
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    van der Torre, Leendert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. Kommunikation och kognition.
    Roles, an Interdisciplinary Perspective2007In: Applied ontology, Vol. 2, p. 81-88Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Brouwers, Lisa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Applying the Consumat Model to Flood Management Policies2003In: Agent-based simulation, 2003Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The number and severity of weather related catastrophes is

    increasing. Economic losses from these catastrophes are

    escalating, mainly as a result of concentration of assets and

    population in high-risk areas. How to deal with these

    economic liabilities in a fair way at the level of the individual

    property owners is the focus of our research.

    As a case study we choose the Tisza, a river in Hungary that

    flows through one of the poorest agricultural regions of

    Europe that frequently floods. The use of a simulation model

    for evaluating alternative flood management policies is a

    natural choice, since it is impossible to predict the time,

    location and magnitude of a flood; historical data is of limited

    use when looking at the outcome of future policies. The

    behaviour of the river and the financial consequences are

    simulated on a year-by-year basis.

    Here we have extended the simulation model by using the

    Consumat approach to model the individual property owners.

    We compare the results with respect to wealth distribution in

    the case of Consumat agents and simple (non-Consumat)

    agents. In the Consumat case, the results show that system is

    more dynamic and more realistic.

  • 13. Chopra, Amit
    et al.
    van der Torre, LeendertVerhagen, HarkoStockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.Villata, Serena
    Handbook of Normative Multiagent Systems2018Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 14. Chopra, Amit
    et al.
    van der Torre, LeonVerhagen, HarkoStockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.Villata, Serena
    Normative Multi-Agent Systems: Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 151312015Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 15131 “Normative Multi-Agent Systems”. Normative systems are systems in the behavior of which norms play a role and which need normative concepts in order to be described or specified. A normative multi-agent system combines models for normative systems (dealing for example with obligations, permissions and prohibitions) with models for multi-agent systems. Normative multi-agent systems provide a promising model for human and artificial agent coordination because they integrate norms and individual intelligence. They are a prime example of the use of sociological theories in multi- agent systems, and therefore of the relation between agent theory—both multi-agent systems and autonomous agents—and the social sciences—sociology, philosophy, economics, legal science, etc. The aim of this Dagstuhl Seminar was to feature two fresh themes in broader computing and software engineering: social computing and governance. These themes are highly interdis- ciplinary, bringing together research strands from computing, information sciences, economics, sociology, and psychology. Further there is considerable excitement about these areas in aca- demia, industry, and public policy organizations. Our third theme was agreement technologies, a more traditional topic but nonetheless relevant for the NorMAS community. A norm is a fun- damental social construct. Norms define the essential fabric of a society. Our purpose in this seminar was to explore the connections of norms to each of the themes, especially from a com- putational perspective. Moreover, the seminar has been conceived for the writing of a volume titled “Handbook of Normative Multi Agent Systems” aimed to become a standard reference in the field and to provide guidelines for future research in normative multi-agent systems.

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  • 15. Collins, Justin
    et al.
    Mottrie, Alexander
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Challacombe, Benjamin
    Adding, Christofer
    Dasgupta, Prokar
    Artibani, Walter
    Gaston, Richard
    Piechaud, Thierry
    Sooriakumaran, Prasanna
    Pini, Giovannalberto
    Nilsson, Andreas
    Fragkiadis, Evangelos
    Tewari, Ashutosh
    Badani, Ketan
    Gill, Inderbir
    Desai, Mihir
    Patel, Vipul
    Ahlawat, Rajesh
    Murphy, Declan
    Coelho, Rafael
    Rha, Koon
    Gandaglia, Giorgio
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Wiklund, Peter
    Live streaming of robotic surgery from leading educational centres enables a global approach to surgical teaching2016In: Journal of Urology, ISSN 0022-5347, E-ISSN 1527-3792, Vol. 195, no 4, p. E116-E116Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Following recently published EAU Policy on Live Surgical Events (LSE's) it is assured that live surgery will be ongoing at conferences in the immediate future. However, the panel reached >80% consensus view that performing at a home institution may be safer. The committee also identified issues with a ‘travelling surgeon’ performing complex surgery in an unfamiliar environment with a surgical team that is not experienced with the intricacies of surgeons techniques. LSE's from home institutions remove or minimize these negative aspects.

  • 16. Collins, Justin W.
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Mottrie, Alexander
    Wiklund, Peter N.
    Application and Integration of Live Streaming from Leading Robotic Centres Can Enhance Surgical Education2015In: European Urology, ISSN 0302-2838, E-ISSN 1873-7560, Vol. 68, no 5, p. 747-749Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Internet-based video-streaming enables us to share surgical knowledge and to study leading surgeons while they operate in their home institutions, and is widely accessible to trainees. Planned developments include enriched learning experiences with improved user friendliness, interactivity, and real-time feedback.

  • 17. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Klügl, Franziska
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Simulation of Complex Systems2017In: Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science / [ed] Lorenzo Magnani, Tommaso Bertolotti, Springer, 2017, p. 783-797Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Understanding and managing complex systems has become one of the biggest challenges for research, policy and industry. Modeling and simulation of complex systems promises to enable us to understand how a human nervous system and brain not just maintain the activities of a metabolism, but enable the production of intelligent behavior, how huge ecosystems adapt to changes, or what actually influences climatic changes. Also man-made systems are getting more complex and difficult, or even impossible, to grasp. Therefore we need methods and tools that can help us in, for example, estimating how different infrastructure investments will affect the transport system and understanding the behavior of large Internet-based systems in different situations. This type of system is becoming the focus of research and sustainable management as there are now techniques, tools and the computational resources available. This chapter discusses modeling and simulation of such complex systems. We will start by discussing what characterizes complex systems.

  • 18. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, HarkoStockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Multi-Agent-Based Simulation XIX: Revised Selected Papers2019Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation, MABS 2019, held in Stockholm Sweden, in July 2018 as part of the Federated AI Meeting, FAIM 2018.

    The 10 revised full papers included in this volume were carefully selected from 15 submissions. They focus on finding efficient solutions to model complex social systems in such areas as economics, management, and organisational and social sciences. In all these areas, agent theories, metaphors, models, analysis, experimental designs, empirical studies, and methodological principles, converge into simulation as a way of achieving explanations and predictions, exploration and testing of hypotheses, better designs and systems.

  • 19. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Social phenomena simulation2012In: Computational complexity: theory, techniques, and applications / [ed] Robert A. Meyers, New York: Springer , 2012, p. 2999-3003Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 20. Davidsson, paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Social Phenomena Simulation2009In: Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science / [ed] Robert A. Meyers, New York: Springer, 2009Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 21. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Social Phenomena Simulation2020In: Complex Social and Behavioral Systems: Game Theory and Agent-Based Models / [ed] Marilda Sotomayor, David Pérez-Castrillo, Filippo Castiglione, Springer, 2020, p. 819-824Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 22. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Types of simulation2009In: Simulating social complexity: a handbook / [ed] Bruce Edmonds et al., Berlin, London: Springer, 2009Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 23. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Types of Simulation2017In: Simulating Social Complexity: A Handbook / [ed] Bruce Edmonds, Ruth Meyer, Springer, 2017, no 2, p. 23-37Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This looks at various ways that computer simulations can differ not in terms of their detailed mechanisms but in terms of its broader purpose, structure, ontology (what is represented), and approach to implementation. It starts with some different roles of people that may be concerned with a simulation and goes on to look at some of the different contexts within which a simulation is set (thus implying its use or purpose). It then looks at the kinds of system that might be simulated. Shifting to the modelling process, it looks at the role of the individuals within the simulations, the interactions between individuals, and the environment that they are embedded within. It then discusses the factors to consider in choosing a kind of model and some of the approaches to implementing it.

  • 24. Davidsson, Paul
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Types of simulation2013In: Simulating Social Complexity: A Handbook, Berlin: Springer, 2013, p. 23-36Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 25. Dignum, Frank
    et al.
    Dignum, Virginia
    Davidsson, Paul
    Ghorbani, Amineh
    van der Hurk, Mijke
    Jensen, Maarten
    Kammler, Christian
    Lorig, Fabian
    Ludescher, Luis Gustavo
    Melchior, Alexander
    Mellema, René
    Pastrav, Cezara
    Vanhee, Loïs
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Analysing the Combined Health, Social and Economic Impacts of the Corovanvirus Pandemic Using Agent-Based Social Simulation2020In: Minds and Machines, ISSN 0924-6495, E-ISSN 1572-8641, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 177-194Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the COVID-19 crisis there have been many difficult decisions governments and other decision makers had to make. E.g. do we go for a total lock down or keep schools open? How many people and which people should be tested? Although there are many good models from e.g. epidemiologists on the spread of the virus under certain conditions, these models do not directly translate into the interventions that can be taken by government. Neither can these models contribute to understand the economic and/or social consequences of the interventions. However, effective and sustainable solutions need to take into account this combination of factors. In this paper, we propose an agent-based social simulation tool, ASSOCC, that supports decision makers understand possible consequences of policy interventions, but exploring the combined social, health and economic consequences of these interventions.

  • 26. Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Collectives or How to Change Your World2014Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 27. Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Going Beyond Atomism: Intentionality, Sociality and (the Modelling of) Normative Behaviour2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 28. Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Going Beyond Atomism: Modelling Collective Intention(ality)2013In: ENSO III: Book of Abstracts: The Third Conference ofthe European Network on Social Ontology / [ed] Päivi Seppälä, Ilmari Hirvonen, Juho Pääkkönen, Helsinki: University of Helsinki , 2013, p. 56-56Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social simulation using agent‐based models (computational social science) is an active area of research with amongst others inquiries into the role and use of norms as social coordination mechanisms. The focus has been on inter‐agent mechanisms through which individuals are influenced by social norms, resulting in dynamics of norms such as emergence and diffusion. What is lacking is an integration of models of collectiveness such as we‐intentionality to transcend the atomistic models such as rational choice, game theory, and social choice theory. Starting from an integrated model comprising a collection of psychological theories (the Consumat model) we propose extensions to this model to include a level of abstraction above the intereagent model namely the level of collectivity in which agents’individualistic decision‐making modes are replaced by models of the collective of which the agents are part.

  • 29. Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Individual, Social, Collective2014In: "Presented at ECSI2104, November 2014, Barcelona" / [ed] Andreas Herzig and Emiliano Lorini, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 30. Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Norms and Collectives – Between Narratives, Simulations and Games2015In: Normative Multi-Agent Systems: Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 15131 / [ed] Amit K. Chopra, Leon van der Torre, Harko Verhagen, Serena Villata, Dagstuhl, Germany: Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik , 2015, p. 172-173Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we describe a narrative of a civic resistance movement to defeat the Italian Mafia, a model comparing strategic and normative modes of reasoning in an individual and collective interpretation of an extortion racket situation and a serious game through which to collect data on the four types of behaviours used in the simulation. These three elements will be used to discuss the reflexive and iterative nature of simulation research, in particular in a field as elusive as changing motivations of agents. Finally we will describe how online games can be used to calibrate the model parameters and to accomplish social change.

  • 31. Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    The simplicity of complex agents: a Contextual Action Framework for Computational Agents2016In: Mind & Society, ISSN 1593-7879, E-ISSN 1860-1839, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 131-143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Collective dilemmas have attracted widespread interest in several social sciences and the humanities including economics, sociology and philosophy. Since Hardin’s intuitive example of the Tragedy of the Commons, many real-world public goods dilemmas have been analysed with a wide ranging set of possible and actual solutions. The plethora of solutions to these dilemmas suggests that people make different kinds of decision in different situations. Rather than trying to find a unifying kind of reasoning to capture all situations, as the paradigm of rationality has done, this article develops a framework of agent decision-making for social simulation, that takes seriously both different kinds of decision making as well as different interpretations of situations. The Contextual Action Framework for Computational Agents allows for the modelling of complex social phenomena, like dilemma situations, with relatively simple agents by shifting complexity from an agent’s cognition to an agent’s context.

  • 32.
    Elsenbroich, Corinna
    et al.
    Department of Sociology, Centre for Research in Social SimulationUniversity of Surrey, UK.
    Verhagen, Harko Henricus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Integrating CAFCA - A Lens to Interpret Social Phenomena2021In: Advances in Social Simulation: Proceedings of the 15th Social Simulation Conference: 23–27 September 2019 / [ed] Petra Ahrweiler; Martin Neumann, Springer Nature , 2021, p. 161-168Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As social context becomes a more central concept for social simulation,different approaches to context have been developed. We discuss four of these with the help of an overall Contextual Action Framework for Computational Agents (CAFCA). More in particular, we describe how the consumat model, social norms,collective reasoning, and social practices can be related to each other using CAFCA. Following this we show how these approaches than can co-exist in the analysis and simulation of social phenomena rather than compete or be seen as mutually exclusive.

  • 33.
    Figueras Julián, Clàudia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko Henricus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Ceratto Pargman, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Trustworthy AI for the People?2021In: AIES '21: Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2021, p. 269-270Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    While AI systems become more pervasive, their social impact is increasingly hard to measure. To help mitigate possible risks and guide practitioners into a more responsible design, diverse organizations have released AI ethics frameworks. However, it remains unclear how ethical issues are dealt with in the everyday practices of AI developers. To this end, we have carried an exploratory empirical study interviewing AI developers working for Swedish public organizations to understand how ethics are enacted in practice. Our analysis found that several AI ethics issues are not consistently tackled, and AI systems are not fully recognized as part of a broader sociotechnical system.

  • 34.
    Figueras Julián, Clàudia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko Henricus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Exploring tensions in Responsible AI in practice. An Interview Study on AI practices in and for Swedish Public Organizations2022In: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, ISSN 0905-0167, E-ISSN 1901-0990, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 199-232, article id 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has sparked discussions regarding developing ethically responsible technology. Consequently, various organizations have released high-level AI ethics frameworks to assist in AI design. However, we still know too little about how AI ethics principles are perceived and work in practice, especially in public organizations. This study examines how AI practitioners perceive ethical issues in their work concerning AI design and how they interpret and put them into practice. We conducted an empirical study consisting of semi-structured qualitative interviews with AI practitioners working in or for public organizations. Taking the lens provided by the “In-Action Ethics” framework and previous studies on ethical tensions, we analyzed practitioners’ interpretations of AI ethics principles and their application in practice. We found tensions between practitioners’ interpretation of ethical principles in their work and ‘ethos tensions.’ In this vein, we argue that understanding the different tensions that can occur in practice and how they are tackled is key to studying ethics in practice. Understanding how AI practitioners perceive and apply ethical principles is necessary for practical ethics to contribute toward an empirically grounded, Responsible AI.

  • 35.
    Figueras Julián, Clàudia
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko Henricus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Transparent Human-AI Design Interaction: Towards a Research Agenda2020Other (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Garcia-Yeste, Miguel
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of English.
    Kuteeva, Maria
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of English.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Learning to disseminate Computer Science: Who is the real expert here?2013In: The 2013 Swedish Symposium for LSP / LAP: Investigating relationships between teaching, learning, and research, 2013, p. 5-5Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Researchers who obtain external funding for their projects are increasingly under pressure to make their findings available to the general public (Wilson, 2003). In fact, dissemination is a recurring aim in most calls for applications from national and European funding agencies. In this context, being able to produce popularised texts has become a much needed skill to progress in academia and to communicate in professional contexts. Traditionally, popularisation has been seen as unidirectional and hierarchical. Researchers and science journalists were considered to be the source of information for their lay audiences (Corbett, 2006) and expert knowledge had to be “translated” for the general public. However, other voices claim that, in some cases, the public’s expertise may be higher than expected (Myers, 2003), which might call for a different approach to the popularisation of science. Thus, there is a need for more research in this field and for the development of teaching strategies and materials aimed at improving researchers’ skills in popularisation. Computer Science, with its wide range of specialisations, provides an interesting case for this kind of research. We have found that in some areas within this discipline, the boundaries between the experts and the general public are sometimes unclear, and lowering the level of technicality may not always be the best approach. Our study aims to explore the rhetorical and multimodal strategies used in academic and popularised publications, particularly in relation to the construction of the author’s identity and to the establishment of a social relation with the audience. Our data include academic and outreach texts written by the same authors. Both academic and popularisation texts deal with the same topics, so as to ensure alignment in the data analysis. The samples also include new media in the form of videos. Thus, our study seeks to identify different strategies used in the context of popularised publications in cases where the boundaries between the expert and the lay audience are not so clear. Our findings suggest that using a contrastive approach to the teaching of academic versus popular writing can contribute to the development of genre awareness and rhetorical flexibility for different audiences. Learning to write on the same subject in different genres encourages students to develop their own voices and to better position themselves and their research in different contexts. To conclude, we present some pedagogical applications.

  • 37.
    Garcia-Yeste, Miguel
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of English.
    Kuteeva, Maria
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of English.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    The public footprint of ICT pervasiveness: who is the real expert here?2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Hansson, Karin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Karlström, Petter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Larsson, Aron
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Actory: A Tool for Visualizing Reputation as a Means to Formalize Informal Social Behavior2011In: The second International Conference on Reputation, ICORE 2011, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to investigate and challenge a normative liberal democratic view of participation, we propose an experimental system based on differences in reputation and user activity. Based on democratic meeting techniques and social media, basic principles for a groupware are formulated containing typical democratic features such as voting and discussion, but taking reputation into account and clarifying the individual's activities in relation to the group. The prototype stands in contrast to commonly used internet forums by highlighting differences in reputation and activity and making these visible and changeable by its users thus shedding some light on status and reputation issues in internet forums and groupware.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 39.
    Hansson, Karin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Karlström, Petter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Larsson, Aron
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Reputation, inequality and meeting techniques: visualising user hierarchy to support collaboration2014In: Computational and mathematical organization theory, ISSN 1381-298X, E-ISSN 1572-9346, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 155-175Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Equality within groups is ordinarily taken for granted when technology for e-democracy is conceived and developed. However, inequality in online communication is just as common as in other social contexts. Therefore, we have developed a groupware with the express purpose of illuminating imbalance of power. Inequalities are measured and made visible to users of the system, and they change dynamically as actions are taken by users. The system is based on democratic meeting techniques and is reminiscent of a strategy game based on social media. Each participant’s score within the game is dynamically calculated and reflects that user’s activity, others’ reactions to that activity and reactions to others’ activities. The calculations and weighing mechanisms are open to inspection and change by the users, and hierarchical roles reflecting game levels may be attached to system rights belonging to individual users and user groups. The prototype we present stems from the question of how to conceive of groupware based on diversity and is the result of combining social theory with algorithms for modelling and visualising user hierarchy and status. Empirical user tests suggest improvements to the prototype’s interface, which will be implemented and further evaluated by embedding the algorithms in a system for e-participation.

  • 40.
    Hansson, Karin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Karlström, Petter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Larsson, Aron
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Formalizing informal social behavior: Developing a visual tool to support collaborative discussions2011In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing / [ed] Dimitrios Georgakopoulos and James B. D. Joshi, IEEE conference proceedings, 2011, p. 422-429Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In technological development in the area of e- democracy in-group equality is taken for granted. However, inequality in online communication is just as common as in other social contexts. To research the effects of starting from the presupposition of inequality we have developed a groupware for discussions. Based on democratic meeting techniques and social media it takes the form of a strategic game. The score within the game reflect user activity and the reactions to the activity in a dynamic way. Existing groupware and Internet forums available share the measurement of user activity but their evaluation systems are hidden from the user and not open to change. Instead, our system offers many reaction mechanisms that all add to the score for a user that can be seen as the expression of the user’s status. The calculation and weighing mechanisms are open to inspection and change by the users. Hierarchical roles reflecting game levels may be attached to rights of what a specific user may change. The prototype presented in this paper will be evaluated in the next phase of the design research process.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 41.
    Hansson, Karin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Karlström, Petter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Larsson, Aron
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Reputation and Online Communication: Visualizing Reputational Power to Promote Collaborative Discussions2013In: Proceedings of the 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences / [ed] Ralph H. Sprague, IEEE, 2013, p. 748-758Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In technological development in the area of e-democracy in-group equality is taken for granted. However, inequality in online communication is just as common as in other social contexts. To research the effects of starting from the presupposition of inequality we have developed a groupware for discussions. Based on democratic meeting techniques and social media it takes the form of a strategic game. The score within the game reflect user activity and the reactions to the activity in a dynamic way. The calculation and weighing mechanisms are open to inspection and change by the users. Hierarchical roles reflecting game levels may be attached to rights of what a specific user may change. The prototype presented in this paper will be further evaluated in the next phase of the design research process.

  • 42.
    Hermelin, Brita
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Demir, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm Business School.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Reconsidering the Geographical Flows of the Global Knowledge Economy: The Example of Indian ICT-Based Knowledge Flows to Sweden2011In: International Journal for Digital Society (IJDS), E-ISSN 2040-2570, Vol. 2, no 2, p. 451-461Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses the geographical flows of the global knowledge economy and their unstable and rapidly changing nature. We use the development of activities in ICT (information and communication technology) in India and its connections to Sweden to illustrate changes in international business. The article explores the ways in which transformations in geography and spatial relations, politics and management are causes and effects of rapid and profound transformations in the global economy. The transformations we illustrate provide reasons to reconsider the conventional idea of uneven power relations in the world, between the stronger “global North” and the weaker “global South”. Firms based in the global South and in India develop their organizations and capabilities to compete for market share worldwide, and on the same basis as firms based in the global North.

  • 43.
    Hermelin, Brita
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Demir, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Business.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    The geography and organisation of the global knowledge economy: The example of ICT in India and its interactions with Sweden2011In: International Conference on Information Society (i-Society 2011), IEEE conference proceedings, 2011, p. 16-21Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This position paper presents the outline for a study of the changes in geography and organisation of the global knowledge economy and how the development of outsourcing and localisation of firms from the “global south” in the “global north” within ICT industry is supported by ICT tools.

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    fulltext
  • 44. Hermelin, Brita
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Westermark, Kristina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    The third global shift: ICT service from India to Sweden2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Hermelin, Brita
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Westermark, Kristina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Transforming globalisation: ICT firms connecting Sweden and India2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 46. Jensen, Maarten
    et al.
    Dignum, Frank
    Vanhee, Loïs
    Pastrav, Cezara
    Verhagen, Harko Henricus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Agile Social Simulations for Resilience2021In: Social Simulation for a Crisis: Results and Lessons from Simulating the COVID-19 Crisis / [ed] Frank Dignum, Springer, 2021, p. 37-408Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In previous chapters we have described the results and analysis of social simulations for crisis situations based on the experiences of the ASSOCC framework. Whereas we managed to build an implementation in a very short time, based on many years of fundamental research, such an implementation is inherently limited due to the many tasks and challenges that are to be dealt within high time pressure (e.g. keeping up with the many emerging public concerns and specific stakeholder issues with relatively unstable theoretical background while dealing with scaling up technical challenges). This chapter proposes and discusses what can be prepared for future crises, from fundamental conceptual building blocks, to decision components, and technical implementations. Building upon the experience of what we missed and had to create or deal with(out) during the crisis, this chapter is dedicated to point how, as a community, we can be ready to adaptively respond to future crises.

  • 47. Jensen, Maarten
    et al.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Vanhée, Loïs
    Dignum, Frank
    Towards Efficient Context-Sensitive Deliberation2022In: Advances in Social Simulation: Proceedings of the 16th Social Simulation Conference, 20–24 September 2021 / [ed] Marcin Czupryna; Bogumił Kamiński, Cham: Springer, 2022, p. 409-421Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a context-sensitive deliberation framework where the decision context does not deliver an action straight away, but where rather the decision context and agent characteristics influence the type of deliberation and type of information evaluated which will affect the final decision. The framework is based on the Contextual Action Framework for Computational Agents (CAFCA). Our framework also tailors the deliberation type used to the decision context the agent finds itself in, starting from the least cognitive taxing deliberation types unless the context requires more complex deliberation types. As a proof-of-concept the paper shows how context and information relevance can be used to conceptually expand the deliberation system of an agent. 

  • 48.
    Johansson, Magnus
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Eladhari, Mirjam P.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Complexity at the cost of control in game design?2012In:  , Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF) , 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes the Model Social Game Agent (MSGA) and presents a comparison to existing strategies to create NPC behavior in video games. We present the results of a survey and an interview-study ofprofessional game developers, designers and scholars with a focus onthe social behavior of NPCs in existing gamesand the potential advantages and disadvantages of the MSGA. The results indicate that there are concerns regarding choosing to implement games AI as systemic AI (such as the MSGA) over an implementation based on scripting and behavior trees.Another question raised is the actual benefits of systemic AI and in what sense it would change the player experience. One of the potential gains of introducing theMSGA in game design would be to open upopportunitiesfor new modes of play and also open up for unexplored design spaces.

  • 49.
    Johansson, Magnus
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Strååt, Björn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Warpefelt, Henrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Analyzing AI in NPCs: An analysis of twelve games2014In: Multiplayer: the social aspects of digital gaming / [ed] Thorsten Quandt, Sonja Kröger, London: Routledge, 2014, p. 85-96Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter we analyze the AI in NPCs in different games. In 2 studies we apply and develop a method for analyzing game AI based on a framework developed for classifying social theories and their ontological differences. Using observation during game play and analysis of the video captures of the game play we can see that the main focus of game AI on path finding has paid off but that the social believability of NPC behavior has not developed at all.

  • 50.
    Johansson, Magnus
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Strååt, Björn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Warpefelt, Henrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Verhagen, Harko
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Analyzing the social dynamics of non-player characters2014In: Frontiers in Gaming Simulation: 44th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2013 and 17th IFIP WG 5.7 Workshop on Experimental Interactive Learning in Industrial Management. Revised Selected Papers / [ed] Sebastiaan A. Meijer, Riitta Smeds, Berlin: Springer, 2014, p. 173-187Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Much of the current research into artificial intelligence (AI) for computer games has been focused on simple actions performed by the characters in games (such as moving between points or shooting at a target, and other simple strategic actions), or on the overarching structure of the game story. However, we claim that these two separate approaches need to be bridged in order to fully realize the potential of enjoyment in computer games. As such, we have explored the middle ground between the individual action and the story – the type of behavior that occurs in a “scene” within the game. To this end we have established a new model for that can be used to discover in what ways a non-player character acts in ways that break the player’s feeling of immersion in the world.

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