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  • 151. Braun, B.
    et al.
    Ludwig, M.
    Kraus, Ludwig
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). IFT Inst Therapieforsch.
    Kroher, M.
    Buehringer, G.
    Outpatient Addiction Care for Pathological Gamblers in Bavaria: Do Treatment Services Meet Clients' Needs?2013Inngår i: SUCHTTHERAPIE, ISSN 1439-9903, Vol. 14, nr 1, s. 37-45Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Examination of pathological gamblers (PG) in outpatient services and analysis of the fit of clientele characteristics and healthcare situation. Methods: From April 2009 to March 2011 a total of 461 patients at 36 outpatient addiction care facilities in Bavaria, Germany, was examined consecutively. Data including sotio-demographic variables, psychological state (i.a. SCL-90, BDI) and counselling were collected. Results: The majority of patients were male (88.8%) with a mean age of 36 years. Most patients (81.4%) reported gambling on and preferring (74.7%) gaming machines within the past 12 months. A total of 93% fulfilled diagnostic criteria for PG and had a high severity of psychological strain (50.5 %) and depressive symptoms (47.4%). About half of the patients (51.8%) had less than 6 treatment contacts, 70.2% terminated prematurely. Conclusions: Given the high psychosocial burden, these results indicate a gap between objective need and actual treatment characteristics, particularly regarding the diagnostic process, premature treatment termination and rare conduit to other services. Possibilities of further development of outpatient health care structures are discussed.

  • 152. Braun, Barbara
    et al.
    Ludwig, Monika
    Sleczka, Pawel
    Buehringer, Gerhard
    Kraus, Ludwig
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Germany.
    Gamblers seeking treatment: Who does and who doesn't?2014Inngår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, ISSN 2062-5871, E-ISSN 2063-5303, Vol. 3, nr 3, s. 189-198Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: As only a minority of pathological gamblers (PGr) presents for treatment, further knowledge about help-seeking behavior is required in order to enhance treatment utilization. The present study investigated factors associated with treatment participation in gamblers in Germany. As subclinical pathological gamblers (SPGr, fulfilling one to four DSM-IV-criteria) are target of early intervention due to high risk of transition to pathological gambling, they were subject of special interest. Methods: The study analyzed data from a general population survey (n = 234, SPGr: n = 198, PGr: n = 36) and a treatment study (n = 329, SPGr: n = 22, PGr: n = 307). A two-step weighting procedure was applied to ensure comparability of samples. Investigated factors included socio-demographic variables, gambling behavior, symptoms of pathological gambling and substance use. Results: In PGr, regular employment and non-German nationality were positively associated with being in treatment while gambling on the Internet and gaming machines and fulfilling more DSM-IV-criteria lowered the odds. In SPGr, treatment attendance was negatively associated with married status and alcohol consumption and positively associated with older age, higher stakes, more fulfilled DSM-IV criteria and regular smoking. Conclusions: In accordance to expectations more severe gambling problems and higher problem awareness and/or external pressure might facilitate treatment entry. There are groups with lower chances of being in treatment: women, ethnic minorities, and SPGr. We propose target group specific offers, use of Internet-based methods as possible adaptions and/or extensions of treatment offers that could enhance treatment attendance.

  • 153. Bronner, Kerstin Birgitta Thelin
    et al.
    Wennberg, Peter
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Kallmen, Hakan
    Schult, Marie-Louise Birgitta
    Alcohol habits in patients with long term musculoskeletal pain: comparison with a matched control group from the general population2012Inngår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, ISSN 0342-5282, E-ISSN 1473-5660, Vol. 35, nr 2, s. 130-137Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This prospective study aimed to describe alcohol habits in patients with chronic pain compared with those in a matched control group from the general Swedish population. In total, 100 consecutive patients enrolled were matched against 100 individuals in a control group on the basis of age and sex. Alcohol habits were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in both groups. The patients were recruited if they underwent a biopsychosocial pain analysis for possible participation in pain rehabilitation. The patients with chronic pain drank alcohol significantly less, less often, in smaller quantities, and became intoxicated less than the control group did. The study was rather small and at a single site, but its strengths were the comprehensive and simple design and the possibility to describe the sample's representativeness compared with other clinics on the basis of data from a national quality register.

  • 154. Buchholz, Angela
    et al.
    Friedrichs, Anke
    Berner, Michael
    Koenig, Hans-Helmut
    Konnopka, Alexander
    Kraus, Ludwig
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Kriston, Levente
    Kuefner, Heinrich
    Piontek, Daniela
    Rist, Fred
    Roehrig, Jeanette
    Placement matching of alcohol-dependent patients based on a standardized intake assessment: rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial2014Inngår i: BMC Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1471-244X, Vol. 14, s. 286-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite considerable research on substance-abuse placement matching, evidence is still inconclusive. The aims of this exploratory trial are to evaluate (a) the effects of following matching guidelines on health-care costs and heavy drinking, and (b) factors affecting the implementation of matching guidelines in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. Methods: A total of 286 alcohol-dependent patients entering one of four participating detoxification units and having no arrangements for further treatment will be recruited. During the first week of treatment, all patients will be administered Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE), European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions health status questionnaire (EQ-5D), and the Client Socio-Demographic and Service Receipt Inventory-European Version (CSSRI-EU). Patients who are randomly allocated to the intervention group will receive feedback regarding their assessment results, including clear recommendations for subsequent treatment. Patients of the control group will receive treatment as usual and, if requested, global feedback regarding their assessment results, but no recommendations for subsequent treatment. At discharge, treatment outcome and referral decisions will be recorded. Six months after discharge, patients will be administered MATE-Outcome, EQ-5D, and CSSRI-EU during a telephone interview. Discussion: This trial will provide evidence on the effects and costs of using placement-matching guidelines based on a standardized assessment with structured feedback in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. A process evaluation will be conducted to facilitate better understanding of the relationship between the use of guidelines, outcomes, and potential mediating variables.

  • 155. Bullock, S.
    et al.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Drinking behaviour, coming of age and risk2006Inngår i: Sex, drugs and young people: international perspectives / [ed] P. Aggleton, A. Ball & P. Mane, London & New York: Routledge , 2006, s. 120-138Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 156.
    Bullock, Sandra
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Alcohol, Drugs and Student Lifestyle: a Study of the Attitudes, Beliefs and Use of Alcohol and Drugs among Swedish University Students2004Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 157. Callina, Sarah
    et al.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Australia; Monash University, Australia.
    Harm, tangible or feared: Young Victorians' adverse experiences from others' drinking or drug use2014Inngår i: International journal on drug policy, ISSN 0955-3959, E-ISSN 1873-4758, Vol. 25, nr 3, s. 401-406Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Harms from alcohol experienced by someone other than the drinker have received increasing attention of late, but have not been compared to harms from others' drug use. The aim of the current study is to compare the reported harms that are attributable to the alcohol use of others to those attributable to drugs, distinguishing between different types of harm in order to highlight how reported harms may be influenced by perception and social standing of use of the substance. Method: Respondents aged 16-24 from Victoria, Australia, completed the Victorian Youth Alcohol and Drug Survey (n = 5001), including questions on demographics, drug and alcohol consumption, on the types of harms they experienced attributable to drugs and alcohol, as well as harms they perpetrated after using drugs or alcohol. Results: For both drug and alcohol related harms, reports of harms loaded into two groups using multiple correspondence analysis: tangible harms such as assault, and amenity impacts such as being annoyed by people under the influence. Amenity impacts attributed to alcohol were more likely to be experienced by those who reported drug use and vice versa, while the tangible impacts were more likely to be reported by those who used both drugs and alcohol. Conclusions: Reports of amenity impacts from others appear to be influenced by the perception of the drug in question more than tangible impacts such as assault. Particularly for amenity impacts, the greater stigma attached to drug use may make respondents more likely to consider themselves harmed by drugs than they would when compared to alcohol, something that needs to be taken into account when assessing harms by either alcohol or drugs.

  • 158. Callinan, S.
    et al.
    Rankin, G.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). La Trobe University, Australia.
    Stanesby, O.
    Rao, G.
    Waleewong, O.
    Greenfield, T. K.
    Hope, A.
    Laslett, A-M.
    Harms from a partner's drinking: an international study on adverse effects and reduced quality of life for women2019Inngår i: American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, ISSN 0095-2990, E-ISSN 1097-9891, Vol. 45, nr 2, s. 170-178Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Partners of heavy drinking individuals can be detrimentally affected as a result of their partner's drinking.

    Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of heterosexual intimate partner relationships with a heavy drinking male that resulted in reported alcohol-related harm and to investigate the impact of this on well-being in 9 countries.

    Methods: This study used survey data from the Gender and Alcohol's Harm to Others (GENAHTO) Project on Alcohol's Harm to Others in 9 countries (10,613 female respondents, 7,091 with intimate live-in partners). Respondents were asked if their partners drinking had negatively affected them as well as questions on depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with life.

    Results: The proportion of partnered respondents that reported having a harmful heavy drinking partner varied across countries, from 4% in Nigeria and the US to 33% in Vietnam. The most consistent correlate of experiencing harm was being oneself a heavy episodic drinker, most likely as a proxy measure for the acceptability of alcohol consumption in social circles. Women with a harmful heavy drinking partner reported significantly lower mean satisfaction with life than those with a partner that did not drink heavily.

    Conclusions: Harms to women from heavy drinking intimate partners appear across a range of subgroups and impact on a wide range of women, at least demographically speaking. Women living with a heavy drinking spouse experience higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower satisfaction with life.

  • 159. Callinan, Sarah
    et al.
    Laslett, Anne-Marie
    Rekve, Dag
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). La Trobe University, Australia.
    Waleewong, Orratai
    Benegal, Vivek
    Casswell, Sally
    Florenzano, Ramon
    Hoang, Thi
    Vu, Thi
    Hettige, Siri
    Huckle, Taisia
    Ibanga, Akanidomo
    Obot, Isidore
    Rao, Girish
    Siengsounthone, Latsamy
    Rankin, Georgia
    Thamarangsi, Thaksaphon
    Alcohol's harm to others: An international collaborative project2016Inngår i: The international journal of alcohol and drug research, ISSN 1925-7066, Vol. 5, nr 2, s. 25-32Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol's harm to others internationally. Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled The Harm to Others from Drinking, along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future. Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others' drinking to the respondent and the respondent's children. Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons. Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture. Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others' drinking cross-nationally.

  • 160. Callinan, Sarah
    et al.
    Livingston, Michael
    Dietze, Paul
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Centre, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia.
    Heavy drinking occasions in Australia: Do context and beverage choice differ from low-risk drinking occasions?2014Inngår i: Drug and Alcohol Review, ISSN 0959-5236, E-ISSN 1465-3362, Vol. 33, nr 4, s. 354-357Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction and Aims. The aim of the current study is to look for differences in drink choice and drinking location between a recent heavy drinking occasion (RHDO) and usual low-risk occasions among those that recently had both types of drinking occasion. Design and Methods. Seven hundred and seventy-four respondents to a population-based survey reported having a RHDO [8 + Australian standard drinks (ASD) for females, 11 + ASD for males] in the past six months also reported that their usual drinking occasion in at least one location involved less than five ASD. Drink choice and drinking locations for the RHDO and usual low-risk occasions were compared using confidence intervals. Results. The RHDO was more likely than usual low-risk occasions to occur away from licensed premises (59%), despite a higher percentage of respondents reporting drinking at a pub, bar or nightclub on a RHDO (28%) than on a usual low-risk night (12%). A higher percentage of respondents nominated bottled spirits (33%) as their main drink for their RHDO, with 11% primarily drinking bottled spirits on a usual low-risk occasion; the converse was true for bottled wine (20% and 33%, respectively). Discussion and Conclusions. While the high proportion of RHDOs that occurred at least in part at pubs or nightclubs was not surprising, a high proportion also occur in private homes. Previously found links between heavy drinking and beer may be a reflection of the usual drink choice of heavier drinkers, rather a choice specific to a particularly heavy occasion.

  • 161. Callinan, Sarah
    et al.
    Livingston, Michael
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). La Trobe University, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia.
    Dietze, Paul
    Drinking Contexts and Alcohol Consumption: How Much Alcohol Is Consumed in Different Australian Locations?2016Inngår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, ISSN 1937-1888, E-ISSN 1938-4114, Vol. 77, nr 4, s. 612-619Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this study was to examine where Australians in different demographic groups and drinker categories consume their alcohol. Method: Results were taken from the Australian arm of the International Alcohol Control study, a telephone survey of 2,020 Australian adults with an oversample of risky drinkers. The 1,789 respondents who reported consuming alcohol in the past 6 months were asked detailed questions about the location of their alcohol consumption and how much alcohol they consumed at each place. Results: Sixty-three percent of all alcohol consumption reported by respondents was consumed in the drinker's own home, with much less consumed at pubs, bars, and nightclubs (12%). This is driven primarily by the number of people who drink in the home and the frequency of these events, with the amount consumed per occasion at home no more than in other people's homes or pubs, and significantly less than at special events. The average consumption on a usual occasion at each of these locations was more than five Australian standard drinks (above the Australian low-risk guideline for episodic drinking). Short-term risky drinkers had the highest proportion of consumption in pubs (19%), but they still consumed 41% of their units in their own home. Conclusions: The majority of alcohol consumed in Australia is consumed in the drinker's own home. Efforts to reduce long-term harms from drinking need to address off-premise drinking and, in particular, drinking in the home.

  • 162. Callinan, Sarah
    et al.
    Livingston, Michael
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). La Trobe University, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia.
    Dietze, Paul M.
    How much alcohol is consumed outside of the lifetime risk guidelines in Australia?2018Inngår i: Drug and Alcohol Review, ISSN 0959-5236, E-ISSN 1465-3362, Vol. 37, nr 1, s. 42-47Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction and Aims. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of long-term risky drinking within the Australian population and the proportion of standard drinks that is consumed outside of the long-term risk (LTR) guidelines of two Australian standard drinks (ASD) per day.

    Design and Methods. Recruited by phone, 2020 Australian adults with an oversampling of risky drinkers were asked detailed questions about how much alcohol they consumed at a range of locations in 2013. Descriptive statistical analyses of data weighted to be representative of the Australian adult population were undertaken, with a focus on the ASD consumed above the LTR guidelines.

    Results. Although 28% of respondents drink at levels above the LTR drinking guidelines, 56% of all ASD consumed are above the two per day recommended to reduce LTR. Three-quarters of cask wine and liqueurs were consumed outside of the LTR guidelines, as were 58% of all ASD consumed in the home, similar to the proportion of ASD consumed above the guidelines in pubs (55%).

    Discussion and Conclusions. While the minority of Australians drink to LTR levels, the majority of alcohol is consumed by long-term risky drinkers. More research and policy focus on the patterns of alcohol consumption that lead to long-term risk, particularly outside of licensed premises, is required.

  • 163. Callinan, Sarah
    et al.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). University of Melbourne, Australia; Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Centre, Australia.
    Livingston, Michael
    Changes in Australian attitudes to alcohol policy: 1995–20102014Inngår i: Drug and Alcohol Review, ISSN 0959-5236, E-ISSN 1465-3362, Vol. 33, nr 3, s. 227-234Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction and Aims

    In 2009 Wilkinson and colleagues reported a downward trend in support for alcohol policyrestrictions in Australia between 1995 and 2004. The aim of the current study is to examine more recent data on policy supportin Australia, specifically for policies covering alcohol availability up to 2010, and to examine specific demographic shifts insupport.

    Design and Methods

    Data was taken from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys from 1995, 1998,2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010 (n = 80 846), primarily responses to attitude items on policy restriction and demographicquestions. The effects of age, sex, drinking patterns and income over time on three items addressing restriction of alcoholavailability were assessed using a factorial analysis of variance.

    Results

    Although availability items are among the lesspopular policy restrictions put forward in the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys, 2004 actually represented a turningpoint in the decrease in popularity, with an increase in support since then.Though some groups show consistently higher ratesof support than others for policy restrictions, the rate of change in support was fairly uniform across demographic and drinkinggroups.

    Discussion and Conclusions

    Despite the lack of an obvious catalyst, there has been an increase in support foralcohol policy restriction as it relates to general availability and accessibility since 2004. Furthermore, this increase does notappear to be a reflection of a change in a specific group of people, but appears to be occurring across the Australian population.

  • 164. Callinan, Sarah
    et al.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia.
    Livingston, Michael
    Jiang, Heng
    Who Purchases Low-Cost Alcohol in Australia?2015Inngår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism, ISSN 0735-0414, E-ISSN 1464-3502, Vol. 50, nr 6, s. 647-653Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Debates surrounding potential price-based polices aimed at reducing alcohol-related harms tend to focus on the debate concerning who would be most affected-harmful or low-income drinkers. This study will investigate the characteristics of people who purchase low-cost alcohol using data from the Australian arm of the International Alcohol Control study. 1681 Australians aged 16 and over who had consumed alcohol and purchased it in off-licence premises were asked detailed questions about both practices. Low-cost alcohol was defined using cut-points of 80A cent, $1.00 or $1.25 per Australian standard drink. With a $1.00 cut-off low income (OR = 2.1) and heavy drinkers (OR = 1.7) were more likely to purchase any low-cost alcohol. Harmful drinkers purchased more, and low-income drinkers less, alcohol priced at less than $1.00 per drink than high income and moderate drinkers respectively. The relationship between the proportion of units purchased at low cost and both drinker category and income is less clear, with hazardous, but not harmful, drinkers purchasing a lower proportion of units at low cost than moderate drinkers. The impact of minimum pricing on low income and harmful drinkers will depend on whether the proportion or total quantity of all alcohol purchased at low cost is considered. Based on absolute units of alcohol, minimum unit pricing could be differentially effective for heavier drinkers compared to other drinkers, particularly for young males.

  • 165. Carlson, Per
    et al.
    Leifman, Håkan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Swedish crime trends and control policy2000Inngår i: Statistics on alcohol, drugs and crime in the Baltic Sea region / [ed] Håkan Leifman, Nina Edgren Henrichson, Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research (NAD) , 2000Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 166.
    Carstairs, Catherine
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Becoming a “hype”: heroin consumption, subcultural formation and resistance in Canada, 1945-19612002Inngår i: Contemporary Drug Problems, ISSN 0091-4509, E-ISSN 2163-1808, Vol. 29, nr 1, s. 91-115Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In the late 1940s and 1950s a new subculture of heroin use developed in Vancouver and Toronto. The users were primarily working-class or poor and often came from troubled family backgrounds. Heroin use was a way of satisfying longings and cravings and of establishing a sense of identity and community. Heroin's status as a banned substance with a frightening reputation ensured that consuming it was also an act of defiance and resistance against community norms. This paper explores the use of heroin as a consumer commodity and symbol of resistance, and locates the development of this drug-using subculture in the distinctive socio-economic and cultural circumstances of post-World War II Canada. (Author' s abstract)

  • 167.
    Carstairs, Catherine
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    The wide world of doping: drug scandals, natural bodies, and the business of sports entertainment2003Inngår i: Addiction Research and Theory, ISSN 1058-6989, Vol. 11, nr 4, s. 263-281Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 168. Cherpitel, C.
    et al.
    Bond, J.
    Ye, Y.
    Borges, G.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Poznyak, V.
    Hao, W.
    Multi-level analysis of causal attribution of injury to alcohol and modifiying effects: data from two international emerency room projects2006Inngår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence, ISSN 0376-8716, E-ISSN 1879-0046, Vol. 82, nr 3, s. 258-268Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Although alcohol consumption and injury has received a great deal of attention in the literature, less is known about patient's causal attribution of the injury event to their drinking or factors which modify attribution. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to analyze the relationships of the volume of alcohol consumed prior to injury and feeling drunk at the time of the event with causal attribution, as well as the association of aggregate individual-level and socio-cultural variables on these relationships. Data analyzed are from 1955 ER patients who reported drinking prior to injury included in 35 ERs from 24 studies covering 15 countries from the combined Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the WHO Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries. Half of those patients drinking prior to injury attributed a causal association of their injury with alcohol consumption, but the rate of causal attribution varied significantly across studies. When controlling for gender and age, the volume of alcohol consumed and feeling drunk (controlling for volume) were both significantly predictive of attribution and this did not vary across studies. Those who drink at least weekly were less likely to attribute causality at a low volume level, but more likely at high volume levels than less frequent drinkers. Attribution of causality was also less likely at low volume levels in those societies with low detrimental drinking patterns, but more likely at high volume levels or when feeling drunk compared to societies with high detrimental drinking patterns. These findings have important implications for brief intervention in the ER if motivation to change drinking behavior is greater among those attributing a causal association of their drinking with injury.

  • 169. Cherpitel, C.
    et al.
    Bond, J.
    Ye, Y.
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Poznyak, V.
    Rehm, J.
    Peden, M.
    Clinical assessment compared with breathalyser readings in the ER: concordance of ICD-10 Y90 and Y91 codes2005Inngår i: Emergency Medicine Journal, ISSN 1472-0205, E-ISSN 1472-0213, Vol. 22, nr 10, s. 689-695Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES:

    The purpose of this study was to analyse the validity of clinical assessment of alcohol intoxication (ICD-10 Y91) compared with estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) using a breath analyser (ICD-10 Y90) among patients in the emergency room (ER).

    METHODS:

    Representative samples of ER patients reporting within six hours of injury (n = 4798) from 12 countries comprising the WHO Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries were breath analysed and assessed blindly for alcohol intoxication at the time of ER admission. Data were analysed using Kendall's Tau-B to measure concordance of clinical assessment and BAC, and meta analysis to determine heterogeneity of effect size.

    RESULTS:

    Raw agreement between the two measures was 86% (Tau-B 0.68), but was lower among those reporting drinking in the six hours prior to injury (raw agreement 39%; Tau-B 0.32). No difference was found by gender or for timing of clinical assessment in relation to breath analysis. Patients positive for tolerance or dependence were more likely to be assessed as intoxicated at low levels of BAC. Estimates were homogeneous across countries only for females and for those negative for alcohol dependence.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Clinical assessment is moderately concordant with level of BAC, but in those patients who have actually been drinking within the last six hours the concordance was much less, possibly because, in part, of a tendency on the part of clinicians to assign some level of intoxication to anyone who appeared to have been drinking.

  • 170. Cherpitel, Cheryl J.
    et al.
    Ye, Yu
    Bond, Jason
    Borges, Guilherme
    Macdonald, Scott
    Stockwell, Tim
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Sovinova, Hana
    Marais, Sandra
    Giesbrecht, Norman
    Validity of self-reported drinking before injury compared with a physiological measure: Cross-national analysis of emergency-department data from 16 countries2007Inngår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, ISSN 1937-1888, Vol. 68, nr 2, s. 296-302Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Self-reports of alcohol consumption among patients visiting an emergency department (ED) have been used extensively in the investigation of the relationship between drinking and injury. Little is known, however, about the associations between validity of self-reports with patient and injury characteristics and whether these relationships vary across regions or countries. Both of these issues are explored in this article. Method: In the construct of a multilevel logistical model, validity of self-reports was estimated as the probability of a positive self-report given a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC). The setting included 44 EDs across 28 studies in 16 countries. Participants included 10,741 injury patients from the combined Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Alcohol and Injuries. Data were analyzed on self-reported drinking within 6 hours before injury compared with BAC results obtained from breath-analyzer readings in all but two studies, which used urine screens. Covariates included demographic, drinking, and injury characteristics and aggregate-level contextual variables. Results: At the individual level, a higher BAC measurement was associated with a higher probability of reporting drinking, as was heavy drinking and sustaining injuries in traffic accidents or violence-related events. At the study level, neither aggregate BAC nor other sociocultural variables affected the validity of self-reported drinking. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the validity of self-reported drinking measures in crossnational ED studies based on the objective criterion of BAC estimates.

  • 171. Cherpitel, C.J
    et al.
    Borges, GGiesbrecht, NHungerford, DPeden, MPoznyak, VRoom, RStockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).Stockwell, T
    Alcohol and Injuries: Emergency Department Studies in an International Perspective.2009Collection/Antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 172. Chicharro, Daniel
    et al.
    Ledberg, Anders
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain.
    Framework to study dynamic dependencies in networks of interacting processes2012Inngår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, ISSN 1539-3755, E-ISSN 1550-2376, Vol. 86, nr 4, artikkel-id 041901Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The analysis of dynamic dependencies in complex systems such as the brain helps to understand how emerging properties arise from interactions. Here we propose an information-theoretic framework to analyze the dynamic dependencies in multivariate time-evolving systems. This framework constitutes a fully multivariate extension and unification of previous approaches based on bivariate or conditional mutual information and Granger causality or transfer entropy. We define multi-information measures that allow us to study the global statistical structure of the system as a whole, the total dependence between subsystems, and the temporal statistical structure of each subsystem. We develop a stationary and a nonstationary formulation of the framework. We then examine different decompositions of these multi-information measures. The transfer entropy naturally appears as a term in some of these decompositions. This allows us to examine its properties not as an isolated measure of interdependence but in the context of the complete framework. More generally we use causal graphs to study the specificity and sensitivity of all the measures appearing in these decompositions to different sources of statistical dependence arising from the causal connections between the subsystems. We illustrate that there is no straightforward relation between the strength of specific connections and specific terms in the decompositions. Furthermore, causal and noncausal statistical dependencies are not separable. In particular, the transfer entropy can be nonmonotonic in dependence on the connectivity strength between subsystems and is also sensitive to internal changes of the subsystems, so it should not be interpreted as a measure of connectivity strength. Altogether, in comparison to an analysis based on single isolated measures of interdependence, this framework is more powerful to analyze emergent properties in multivariate systems and to characterize functionally relevant changes in the dynamics.

  • 173.
    Christophs, Irja
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Metod2009Inngår i: Mot en bättre missbrukarvård? : En undersökning om förutsättingar för att evidensbasera missbrukarvården i fyra organisationer / [ed] Irja christophs, Stockholm: Stockholms universitet , 2009, s. 25-30Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 174.
    Christophs, Irja
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Mot en bättre missbrukarvård?: En undersökning om förutsättningar för att evidensbasera missbrukarvården i fyra organisationer2009Collection/Antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 175.
    Christophs, Irja
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Vad är problemet? Praktiker om praktiken: En kvalitativ deskriptiv innehållsanalys av svar på en öppen enkätfråga ställd till praktiker inom missbrukarvården2009Inngår i: Mot en bättre missbrukarvård?: En undersökning om förutsättningar för att evidensbasera missbrukarvården i fyra organisationer / [ed] Irja Christophs, Stockholm: Stockholms universitet , 2009, s. 31-42Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 176.
    Christophs, Irja
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Blomqvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Abrahamson, Maria
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Mot en bättre missbrukarvård? Sammanfattning och diskussion.2009Inngår i: Mot en bättre missbrukarvård?: En undersökning om förutsättningar för att evidensbasera missbrukarvården i fyra organisationer. / [ed] I. Christophs, Stockholm: Stockholms universitet , 2009Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 177.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    A solitary case: Swedish tobacco policy as harm reduction?2013Inngår i: Drugs and alcohol today, ISSN 1745-9265, E-ISSN 2042-8359, Vol. 13, nr 2, s. 102-110Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This paper aims to analyse Swedish tobacco policy, especially in relation to EU tobacco regulation. The paper also seeks to review the arguments and the scientific support presented in the debate around Swedish snus, setting it in the context of future EU regulation on tobacco.

    Design/methodology/approach – The article draws on previous research, official documents and newspaper articles to examine tobacco policy development on a national and EU level.

    Findings – The paper shows that the so-called Swedish experience has led to a somewhat ambivalent political attitude towards tobacco policy. The Swedish case of snus also demonstrates the EU as a political and regulatory force in national policymaking and how different economic and political interests are using scientifically based arguments to advance goals of their own. The paper argues that political measures are dictated by ideology and political considerations, which are themselves supported by ambiguous scientific results. Harm reduction is used as a political tool in a debate which extends well beyond public health concerns.

    Originality/value – This paper contributes to research on tobacco policy in general and on Swedish snus in particular. The paper also puts the snus question in a broader context of national public health policy and EU regulation.

  • 178.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Alcohol policy in the European Union2012Inngår i: European Union Public Health Policy: Regional and global trends / [ed] Scott L. Greer, Paulette Kurtzer, London & New York: Routledge, 2012, s. 168-180Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 179.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Customer satisfaction over patient securyty? Value hierarchization in pharmaceutical retail2014Inngår i: Configuring Value Conflicts in Markets / [ed] Kristina Tamm Hallström, Susanna Alexius, Cheltenham,: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014, s. 43-62Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 180.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Escaping deadlock - alcohol policy-making in the EU2009Inngår i: Journal of European Public Policy, ISSN 1350-1763, E-ISSN 1466-4429, Vol. 16, nr 5, s. 755-773Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the cultural and ideological diversity of the member states when it comes to alcohol, several alcohol-related initiatives have been taken recently at the EU level. The purpose of this article is to analyse the development of two of these initiatives: the Council Recommendation of 5 June 2001 on the drinking of alcohol by young people, and the invitation from the Council to the Commission to develop a Community Alcohol Strategy, both adopted during the Swedish Presidency in 2001. Drawing from Hritier's work on escaping deadlock it is argued that EU decisions on alcohol policy were made possible by using four strategies: priority, anchorage, lowest common denominator and baby steps. In cases of weak EU supranational competence the possibilities of escaping deadlock differ somewhat from cases of strong legislative competence and the strategies of priority and anchorage seem to be of particular importance for questions based on soft law decision-making.

  • 181.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Innanför och utanför nationens gränser: svensk alkoholpolitik i förändring2012Inngår i: Samhället, alkoholen och drogerna: Politik, konstruktioner och dilemman / [ed] Jessica Storbjörk, Stockholm: Stockholms universitets förlag, 2012, s. 71-87Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Sedan Sverige gick med i den Europeiska Unionen (EU) har den nationella alkoholpolitiken genomgått stora förändringar. Detta har setts som en tvingande konsekvens av själva medlemskapet eftersom EU:s regler om fri rörlighet av varor inte har rimmat med Sveriges syn på alkohol som en folkhälsofråga. Frågan är dock om det enbart är själva medlemskapet som drivit fram förändringarna eller om de lika mycket beror på ändrad inställning och attityd bland svenskarna. Det här kapitlet redogör för de 17 år som förflutit sedan Sverige trädde in i EU. Det beskriver de lagändringar som Sverige gjort i alkoholfrågan och de mekanismer som drivit fram dessa. Det berättar också hur Sverige genom konsekvent påtryckning, forskning och kunskapsspridning lyckats medverka till en attitydförändring inom EU och lyfta alkoholfrågan till att också bli en fråga om folkhälsa. Det är berättelsen om hur ett litet medlemsland, med hjälp av goda argument och stöd från andra länder, kan påverka EU:s politiska utveckling.

  • 182.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Nordic gambling markets and the possibilities for state-level control2006Inngår i: Journal of Gambling Issues, E-ISSN 1910-7595, nr 18, s. 9-29Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Gambling has gone through considerable changes during recent decades with new forms of gambling, increased turnover, and increasingly extensive marketing of different modes of gambling. At the same time, the monopolistic structure of state-controlled gambling has been questioned by media and private actors on national and European Union (EU) levels. The focus has increasingly ended up on legal interpretations of the possibilities of and the obstacles for state regulation, which has recently placed Nordic gambling monopolies under scrutiny.

    The purpose of this article is to clarify the legal arrangements for gambling in the Nordic countries and also how the different countries have chosen to react to increased pressure for deregulation of this area. The article describes how gambling is regulated in the five different countries and analyses what parts of the legal framework of the EU are a threat to the existing gambling systems in these countries.

  • 183.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Sweden, the EU and the alcohol traveller’s allowances2010Inngår i: Contemporary Drug Problems, ISSN 0091-4509, E-ISSN 2163-1808, Vol. 37, nr 1, s. 3--38Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Restrictive alcohol policies have a long history at the national level in Sweden; however, with the accession to the European Union the international component of alcohol policy has become clearer, and the national policies have been eroded. Sweden had to abandon low traveller’s allowances and gradually adopt the considerably higher European levels by January 1, 2004. On the EU level the traveller’s allowances were an issue long before Sweden’s accession, and high allowances were a conscious way of forcing down high taxes as an instrument of harmonization. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the changes and the Swedish government’s actions on the traveller’s allowances issue have been understood. Analyzing this case contributes to understanding the major changes that have occurred in Swedish alcohol policy since the mid-1990s. Different narratives from interviews, official documents, and news articles make it possible to understand alcohol policy developments in Sweden in relation to the EU. The article finds that there are five main narratives which have been used to try to explain the development of the traveller’s allowances question: the Misinterpretation Explanation, the Double Accounts Explanation, the Impotence Explanation, the Humility Explanation, and the Optimism Explanation. The article also shows that the different narratives have developed over time, indicating a learning process among Swedish authorities on the functioning of EU policy processes.

  • 184.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    The de-monopolization of pharmaceutical retail in Sweden: Policy, actors and arguments.2012Inngår i: A welfare policy patchwork: negotiating the public good in times of transition / [ed] Matilda Hellman, Gun Roos, Julius von Wright, Helsinki: Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues (NVC) , 2012, s. 101-121Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter analyses the regulation of pharmaceuticals in Sweden, with special emphasis on the demonopolization of retail trade in 2009 and the actors and arguments involved in the process. It shows how differences in ideologies and values affect policy outcomes and create different possibilities to organize the market. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the implications of the regulatory changes and looks at how the changes to the organization of Swedish pharmacies have affected ordinary citizens. It is concluded that the regulation of pharmaceuticals has received much political debate in Sweden, but that the issue has nonetheless been hard to resolve. Over time there has been a shift in argumentation from a non-acceptance of profits and an emphasis on safe pharmaceuticals management in the 1970s to the current profit thinking with a view to increasing efficiency, availability and service standards. The Hanner case acted as a catalyst in a period when neither of the political blocs were interested in putting a reformation of pharmacies on the political agenda. The new system has so far improved availability. Expectations of lower prices and greater customer satisfaction have not been met in the same manner.

  • 185.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    The Europeanization of Swedish Alcohol Policy2009Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this dissertation is to study the Europeanization of Swedish alcohol policy from 1995-2006. It analyses the development of Swedish and European alcohol policy and answers the following research questions: How has alcohol policy developed on the national and the EU level during this period? What are the Swedish alcohol policy initiatives on the EU level? What does the interplay between Swedish and European policy processes look like? Of interest for this dissertation is also how the Swedish view on alcohol policy has been received on EU level.

    The dissertation comprises four related articles and an introductory chapter. In the articles official documents and interviews are analyzed in the context of the literature on Europeanization, using the concepts framing, narrative and new modes of governance. Article I explores the history of negotiations between Sweden and the EU on the traveller’s allowances question. Article II and III analyse how Swedish authorities, first through research and later through formal policy-making during the Swedish Presidency, tried to reframe alcohol on the EU-level. Finally, the fourth article is a comparative analysis of the Nordic retail monopolies, analyzing how the monopolies have developed and reacted to national and international pressures on their activities.

    The dissertation shows that Swedish authorities have influenced the EU level by putting alcohol on the agenda, and offered pressure and economic support to make sure that alcohol as a public health question has become and been kept as a prioritized question. This development is, however, nested inside the changing scope and emphasis of the EU. The emergence of a European alcohol policy as a public health-oriented process has been made possible through a new focus on the EU level, with increased cooperation between member states and a trend toward harmonization of policy and frames when it comes to alcohol.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 186.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    The Europeanization of Swedish alcohol policy - the case of ECAS2008Inngår i: Journal of European Social Policy, ISSN 0958-9287, Vol. 18, nr 4, s. 380-392Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Whereas governments had previously designed early exit policies to unburden labour markets, they have come increasingly to regard them as problematic. We investigate the reasons for this policy reversal, focusing on two key actors: governments and trade unions. Our mixed-methods approach entails two major steps: first, we embed approaches to policy reform in a common framework to show the empirical relevance of the two major actors in most OECD countries. We find that both government ideology and union representativeness matter. In a second step, we investigate reform processes in two countries in more detail. Belgium and the Netherlands have much in common as regards government and interest groups but differ in terms of the reversal of early exit policies. We see that both the configuration of electoral and welfare state institutions have shaped the specific strategic environment of the two actors in both countries.

  • 187.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    The Europeanization of Swedish alcohol Policy: framing and New Modes of Governance2009 (oppl. 1)Bok (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Since Sweden became a member of the EU, the historically restrictive policies derived at national level must now work on a European level as well. Consequently, there has been a swift development of the alcohol policy area both in Sweden and more broadly in the EU. Drawing on the Europeanization literature, new analyses and insight focus on the intriguing interplay between the nation state and the EU when it comes to alcohol policy change. Previous research has shown that alcohol in the EU primarily has been seen in terms of commodities in the common market. Using Sweden as an example, this book also demonstrates how Swedish authorities have influenced EU policy making by putting alcohol on the agenda as a public health issue. This book describes how the emergence of a European alcohol policy has been made possible through a new focus on the EU level, with increased cooperation between member states and a trend toward harmonization of policy and frames. Thus it is of special interest for those studying political processes, the development of the EU and public health related questions.

     

  • 188.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Ökat tryck på nordiska spelmonopol2005Inngår i: Socialt perspektiv, ISSN 1102-2973, nr 1, s. 85-97Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 189.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Impacts of Tourism on Drinking and Alcohol Policy in Low-And Middle-Income Countries: A Selective Thematic Review2014Inngår i: Contemporary Drug Problems, ISSN 0091-4509, E-ISSN 2163-1808, Vol. 41, nr 2, s. 145-169Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The article considers impacts of the drinking patterns of tourists from high-consumption, high-income societies on low- and middle-income societies, thematically reviewing a rather sparse literature. Drinking — indeed, drinking more than at home — fits well into the context of tourism. Heavy drinking by tourists has a substantial impact on many elements in the host society, increasing consumption levels particularly among young people working within the tourism sector. Tourist industry interests have often successfully argued for policies that result in a wider general availability of alcohol in the society, and provision for tourists has often served as an entry point in the society for the global alcohol industry. National and international consideration of policies to reduce alcohol problems should take into consideration the potential adverse influences on national alcohol policies arising from tourism.

  • 190.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Sohlberg, Tove
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Swedish Tobacco policy: from rational choice to ‘harm to others’2012Inngår i: A welfare policy patchwork: negotiating the public good in times of transition / [ed] Matilda Hellman, Gun Roos, Julius von Wright, Helsinki: Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues (NVC) , 2012, s. 65-82Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter analyses the development of Swedish tobacco policy and tobacco regulation since the early 1990s. In addition, it looks at how this policy has been influenced by the World Health Organization, the European Union, the Nordic countries and various others stakeholders, and examines the effect of policy changes on smoking cessation in the Swedish population. The chapter is based on both primary and secondary sources such as policy documents, previous research and survey data. It is concluded that both the political and research focus has shifted from the provision of information to rational individuals to highlighting the effects of smoking to others. Swedish tobacco regulation has been influenced by policies in other Nordic countries, but it is largely a product of WHO and EU recommendations and directives. In an international perspective, Swedish tobacco policy seems to have been rather more reactive than proactive. It is also shown that policy decisions on pricing and availability, for instance, have a somewhat greater impact on smoking cessation than information. However, women tend to be more responsive than men to information campaigns and health warnings.

  • 191.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Tammi, Tuukka
    Gambling problems as a political framing: Safeguarding the monopolies in Finland and Sweden2011Inngår i: Journal of Gambling Issues, E-ISSN 1910-7595, nr 26, s. 110-125Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    ManyEUmember states are currently rethinking their gambling laws and policies to adapt toEuropean lawand to take into account increased technological possibilities for the gamblingindustry and increased competition on national gambling markets. Some of the countrieshave responded to the newsituation by giving up or remarkablyweakening theirmonopolies,but other countries have, on the contrary, reformed their monopoly systems to strengthenthem to meet the new challenges. This article analyses gambling policy reforms in Finlandand Sweden, where the liberalisation trend has been contested to safeguard the monopolysystems. The main means have been an increased focus on gambling-related problems andemphasis on the responsible nature and particular capability of monopoly-based systemsto tackle these problems. This has made it possible not only to keep the monopoly systemintact but also to expand its field of activities to the Internet as a responsible measure.

  • 192.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Ólafsdóttir, Hildigunnur
    How to sell alcohol?: Nordic alcohol monopolies in a changing epoch2008Inngår i: Nordisk alkohol- och narkotikatidskrift, ISSN 1455-0725, Vol. 25, s. 129-153Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 193.
    Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Ólafsdóttir, Hildigunnur
    Hur sälja alkohol?: Nordiska alkoholmonopol i en tid av förändring2007Inngår i: Nordisk alkohol- och narkotikatidskift, Vol. 24, nr 4Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 194. Coomber, Kerri
    et al.
    Zahnow, Renee
    Ferris, Jason
    Droste, Nicolas
    Mayshak, Richelle
    Curtis, Ashlee
    Kypri, Kypros
    de Andrade, Dominique
    Grant, Kristy
    Chikritzhs, Tanya
    Room, Robin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD). La Trobe University, Australia.
    Jiang, Heng
    Taylor, Nicholas
    Najman, Jake
    Miller, Peter
    Short-term changes in nightlife attendance and patron intoxication following alcohol restrictions in Queensland, Australia2018Inngår i: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 18, artikkel-id 1185Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: This study aims to explore short-term changes following the introduction of alcohol restrictions (most notably 2am to 3am last drinks). We examined patterns of nightlife attendance, intoxication, and alcohol use among patrons shortly before and after restrictions were introduced in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane: the largest night-time entertainment precinct of Queensland.

    Methods: Street-intercept patron interviews were conducted in Fortitude Valley in June (n=497) and July (n=562) 2016. A pre-post design was used to assess changes in time spent out drinking/partying prior to the interview, time of arrival in the precinct, pre-drinking, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

    Results: Regression models indicated that after the policy introduction, the proportion of people arriving at Fortitude Valley before 10:00pm increased (OR=1.38; 95% CI=1.04, 1.82). Participants reported going out, on average, one hour earlier after the intervention (=-0.17; 95% CI=0.11, 0.22). There was a decrease (RRR=0.58; 95% CI=0.43, 0.79) in the proportion of participants who had a high level of intoxication (BAC 0.10g/dL) post-intervention. No other significant differences were found.

    Conclusions: Earlier cessation of alcohol sales and stopping the sale of rapid intoxication drinks after midnight was associated with people arriving in Fortitude Valley earlier. Though legislative loopholes allowed some venues to continue trading to 5am, the proportion of people in the precinct who were highly intoxicated decreased after the restriction. Further measurement will be required to determine whether the reduction has persisted.

  • 195. Cunningham, J.A.
    et al.
    Blomqvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Cordingley, J.
    Koski-Jännes, A.
    Current heavy drinkers reasons for considering change: Results from a natural history general population survey2005Inngår i: Addictive Behaviours, ISSN 0306-4603, E-ISSN 1873-6327, Vol. 30, nr 3, s. 581-584Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Current heavy drinkers were recruited from a general population random-digit dialing telephone survey. Comparisons were made between those who were considering or not considering change. Those considering reducing or quitting their drinking in the next 6 months were asked their reasons for considering change. Respondents considering change had more severe alcohol problems and perceived more risk associated with their drinking as compared with those not considering change. The most common reasons for considering change were health and financial concerns.

  • 196. Cunningham, J.A.
    et al.
    Blomqvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Koski-Jännes, A.
    Cordingley, J.
    Callaghan, R.
    Maturing Out of Drinking Problems: Perceptions of Natural History as a Function of Severity2005Inngår i: Addiction Research and Theory, ISSN 1058-6989, Vol. 13, nr 1, s. 79-84Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study tested the hypothesis that maturing out descriptions of change were more common among respondents whose drinking problems were less severe prior to reduction and that consequence driven changes were more common among those who had a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence, prior to resolution. As part of a general population telephone survey, former heavy drinkers were asked their reasons for change. These responses were tape-recorded, transcribed and then coded into three categories – consequence driven reasons, drifting out reasons and reflective maturational reasons. As predicted, drifting out reasons were more often provided by those with less severe alcohol use and consequence related reasons appeared associated with respondents who had had more severe alcohol problems. The differing descriptions of pathways to change observed in natural history studies may be the result of research that captures only partial samples of the larger population of former heavy drinkers.

  • 197. Cunningham, J.A.
    et al.
    Blomvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Koski-Jännes, A.
    Cordingley, J.
    Callaghan, R.
    Characteristics of former heavy drinkers: results from a natural history of drinking general population survey2004Inngår i: Contemporary Drug Problems, ISSN 0091-4509, E-ISSN 2163-1808, Vol. 31, nr 2, s. 357-369Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 198. Cunningham, John A
    et al.
    Blomqvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Cordingley, Joanne
    Beliefs about drinking problems: Results from a general population telephone survey2007Inngår i: Addictive Behaviors, ISSN 0306-4306, Vol. 32, nr 1, s. 166-169Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    As part of a general population telephone survey (N = 3006), respondents were asked their beliefs about alcohol problems. The majority of respondents were skeptical about the possibility of untreated and of moderate drinking recoveries. The predominant conceptions of the nature of alcohol problems were those of a disease or of drug addiction. Beliefs about the need for treatment and abstinence were positively associated with being female, older, and married. Current heavy drinkers were less likely to believe that treatment was needed. Former heavy drinkers were more likely to believe that abstinence was required, as compared to all other respondents.

  • 199. Cunningham, John A.
    et al.
    Blomqvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Koski-Jannes, Anja
    Raitasalo, Kirsimarja
    Societal images of Cannabis use: comparing three countries2012Inngår i: Harm Reduction Journal, E-ISSN 1477-7517, Vol. 9, s. 21-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Differences in beliefs about Cannabis were compared between Canada, Sweden and Finland using nationally representative population surveys containing similar items. Findings: Compared to Finnish and Swedish respondents, Canadians were both more likely to have tried Cannabis and to view Cannabis as a less serious problem for society. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the extent to which views about Cannabis can vary. It is possible that views about Cannabis are, at least in part, a social construction influenced by media, social policy and exposure to the drug that varies from country to country.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 200.
    Cunningham, John
    et al.
    CAMH, Toronto.
    Blomqvist, Jan
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD).
    Examining treatment use among alcohol-dependent individuals from a population perspective.2006Inngår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism, 41, ISSN 0735-0414, Vol. 41, nr 6, s. 632-635Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: To assess the prevalence of treatment use in lifetime and past year alcohol dependent respondents. To establish the proportion of problem drinkers who use alcohol treatment that just go to one treatment versus attending multiple different types of treatment in the same year. To explore what treatments are most likely to form part of a multiple treatment package. Method: Analysis of the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large (N = 43 039), representative survey of the non-institutionalized adult population of the USA. There were 4781 respondents who met criteria for a lifetime definition of alcohol dependence and 1484 respondents who met criteria for past year alcohol dependence. Results: Prevalence of lifetime use of alcohol treatment was 25% among those with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence. Prevalence of past year use of alcohol treatment was 12% among respondents with past year alcohol dependence. Only one-third of past year treatment users had accessed just one type of alcohol treatment. Conclusions: While treatment services are only used by the minority of people with alcohol dependence, those people who do access alcohol treatment are likely to use several different alcohol treatment services in the same year.

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