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  • 51.
    Andersson, Nina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Mesostructured materials: Synthesis towards applications2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A new class of materials with well-defined structures on mesoscopic (2-50 nm) length scales has attracted considerable interest during the last decade. These mesostructured mataterials are formed from the self-assembly of amphiphillic molecules and inorganic precursors. The aim of this thesis has been to develop preparation methods that are scalable, and at the same time allow for efficient structural control coupled with possibility to incorporate different functionalities.

    Two different industrial processes for production of particles with spherical morphology were successfully tailored for synthesis of well-ordered mesostructured particles. An existing spray drying method for a fast and continuous production was further developed, and for the first time, an emulsion-based method was implemented. The latter method resulted in superior control of both particle size and internal mesostructure.

    Mesostructured photochromic pigments were synthesised by incorporating photochromic dyes in the organic domains of the surfactant templated inorganic/organic mesostructured silica particles. The pigments were produced using a one-pot synthesis method employing an aerosol reactor, allowing control over both the internal mesostructure and the dye content. We show that transparent photochromic films can be prepared using latex binders and conventional coating technology.

    Mesoporous magnetic carrier materials were prepared by adding iron oxide nanoparticles during either the emulsion- or aerosol processing. The surfactant templated silica matrix displayed well-ordered internal pore architecture with limited pore blocking caused by the incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide content was precisely controlled, and the magnetic properties were preserved during the processing. Finally we demonstrate that these materials can be used to magnetically separate water-soluble dyes from solution.

  • 52. Andersson, Samir
    et al.
    Zou, Dapeng
    Zhang, Rong
    Sun, Shiguo
    Åkermark, Björn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Sun, Licheng
    Selective positioning of CB[8] on two linked viologens and electrochemically driven movement of the host molecule2009In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry, ISSN 1434-193X, E-ISSN 1099-0690, no 8, p. 1163-1172Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 53.
    Angles d'Ortoli, Thibault
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Assembling and Unraveling Carbohydrates Structures: Conformational analysis of synthesized branched oligosaccharides2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Advances in the elaboration of vaccines and enzyme inhibitors rely on acquiring more knowledge about protein-carbohydrate binding events. Furthermore, the relationships between biological function and the three-dimensional properties of large glycans can be studied by focusing on the structural components they contained, namely, by scaling down the system under analysis. Chemical methods are useful assets as they allow the isolation and determination of epitopes; these small and recognizable fragments that lead to very specific interactions. In this thesis, biologically relevant saccharides were obtained using recently developed concepts in carbohydrate synthesis and NMR spectroscopy was used to unravel their conformational preferences.

    In paper I, the convergent synthesis of the tetrasaccharide found in the natural product solaradixine is described. Reactivity enhanced disaccharide glycosyl donors were coupled to a disaccharide acceptor in a 2 + 2 fashion. The computer program CASPER was subsequently used to verify the synthesized structure.

    The conformation arming concept employed in paper I was further investigated in paper II. An NMR-based methodology enabled the determination of the ring conformations of a set of donors. Subsequently, glycosylation reactions were performed and yields were correlated to donors ring shapes. Perturbations in the rings shape caused by bulky silyl ether protective groups were sufficient to boost the potency of several donors. As a matter of fact, complex branched oligosaccharides could be obtained in good to excellent yields.

    In paper III, NMR spectroscopy observables were measured to elucidate the ring shape, the mutual orientation of the rings across the glycosidic bond and the positions of the side chains of 5 trisaccharides found in larger structures. With the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, their overall conformational propensities were revealed.

    Finally, the software CASPER prediction skills were improved by adding, inter alia, NMR information of synthesized mono- and disaccharides to its database. Unassigned chemical shifts from polysaccharides served as input to challenge its ability to solve large carbohydrate structures.

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  • 54.
    Angles d'Ortoli, Thibault
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Hamark, Christoffer
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 372017In: Journal of Organic Chemistry, ISSN 0022-3263, E-ISSN 1520-6904, Vol. 82, no 15, p. 8123-8140Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected beta-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. The acceptors in reactions being secondary alcohols presents a challenging situation with respect to steric crowding. Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-beta-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 degrees C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form beta-(1 -> 2),beta-(1 -> 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a beta-(1 -> 3)-linked backbone and a beta-(1 -> 2)-linked side chain of D-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units.

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  • 55.
    Angles d'Ortoli, Thibault
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Sjöberg, Nils A.
    Vasiljeva, Polina
    Lindman, Jonas
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bergenstråhle-Wohlert, Malin
    Wohlert, Jakob
    Temperature Dependence of Hydroxymethyl Group Rotamer Populations in Cellooligomers2015In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 119, no 30, p. 9559-9570Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Empirical force fields for computer simulations of carbohydrates are often implicitly assumed to be valid also at temperatures different from room temperature for which they were optimited: Herein, the temperature dependence of the hydroxymethyl group rotamer populations in short oligogaccharides is invegtigated using Molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy. Two oligosaccharides, methyl beta-cellobioside and beta-cellotetraose were simulated using three different carbohydrate force fields (CHARMM C35, GLYCAM06, and GROMOS 56A(carbo)) in combination with different water models (SPC, SPC/E, and TIP3P) using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. For comparison, hydroxymethyl group rotamer populations were investigated for methyl beta-cellobioside and cellopentaose based- on measured NMR (3)J(H5,H6) coupling constants, in the latter case by using a chemical shift selective NMR-filter. Molecular dynamics simulations in combination with NMR spectroscopy show that the temperature dependence of the hydroxymethyl rotamer population in these short cellooligomers, in the range 263-344 K, generally becomes exaggerated in simulations when compared to experimental data, but also that it is dependent on simulation conditions, and most notably properties of the water model.

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  • 56.
    Angles d'Ortoli, Thibault
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide glycoside moiety of Solaradixine and rapid NMR-based structure verification using the program CASPER2016In: Tetrahedron, ISSN 0040-4020, E-ISSN 1464-5416, Vol. 72, no 7, p. 912-927Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The major glycoalkaloid in the roots of Solanum laciniatum is Solaradixine having the branched tetrasaccharide beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)[alpha-L-Rhap-(1 -> 2)]-beta-D-Galp linked to O3 of the steroidal alkaloid Solasodine. We herein describe the synthesis of the methyl glycoside of the tetrasaccharide using a super-armed disaccharide as a donor molecule. A 2-(naphthyl)methyl protecting group was used in the synthesis of the donor since it was tolerant to a wide range of reaction conditions. The 6-O-benzylated-hexa-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyi-protected beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-Glcp-SEt donor, which avoided 1,6-anydro formation, was successfully glycosylated at O3 of a galactoside acceptor molecule. However, subsequent glycosylation at O2 by a rhamnosyl donor was unsuccessful and instead a suitably protected alpha-L-Rhap(1 -> 2)-beta-D-Galp-OMe disaccharide was used as the acceptor molecule together with a super-armed beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-Glcp-SEt donor in the glycosylation reaction, to give a tetrasaccharide in a yield of 55%, which after deprotection resulted in the target molecule, the structure of which was verified by the NMR chemical shift prediction program CASPER.

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  • 57.
    Arafa, Wael A. A.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Kärkäs, Markus D.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Lee, Bao-Lin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Åkermark, Torbjörn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Liao, Rong-Zhen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Berends, Hans-Martin
    Messinger, Johannes
    Siegbahn, Per E. M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Åkermark, Björn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Dinuclear manganese complexes for water oxidation: evaluation of electronic effects and catalytic activity2014In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 16, no 24, p. 11950-11964Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During recent years significant progress has been made towards the realization of a sustainable and carbon-neutral energy economy. One promising approach is photochemical splitting of H2O into O-2 and solar fuels, such as H-2. However, the bottleneck in such artificial photosynthetic schemes is the H2O oxidation half reaction where more efficient catalysts are required that lower the kinetic barrier for this process. In particular catalysts based on earth-abundant metals are highly attractive compared to catalysts comprised of noble metals. We have now synthesized a library of dinuclear Mn-2 (II,III) catalysts for H2O oxidation and studied how the incorporation of different substituents affected the electronics and catalytic efficiency. It was found that the incorporation of a distal carboxyl group into the ligand scaffold resulted in a catalyst with increased catalytic activity, most likely because of the fact that the distal group is able to promote proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the high-valent Mn species, thus facilitating O-O bond formation.

  • 58. Arafa, Wael A. A.
    et al.
    Mohamed, Ashraf M.
    Abdel-Magied, Ahmed F.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    ULTRASOUND-MEDIATED THREE-COMPONENT REACTION ON-WATER PROTOCOL FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL MONO- AND BIS-1,3-THIAZIN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES2017In: Heterocycles, ISSN 0385-5414, E-ISSN 1881-0942, Vol. 94, no 8, p. 1439-1455Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Green synthetic and catalyst-free strategy towards the synthesis of novel mono- and bis-1,3-thiazin-4-one scaffolds through a one pot, reaction of carbon disulfide, monoacetylenic esters and amines under ultrasonication has been reported. The merits of this protocol comprise no need for tedious workup steps and afforded the desired products in excellent yields make this synthetic protocol more efficient and worthy of further attentiveness. Moreover, the method exhibited excellent score in a number of green metrics.

  • 59. Arafa, Wael Abdelgayed Ahmed
    et al.
    Abdel-Magied, Ahmed Fawzy
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry. Nuclear Material Authority, Egypt.
    Utilization of ultrasonic irradiation as green and effective one-pot protocol to prepare a novel series of bis-2-amino-1,3,4-oxa(thia) diazoles and bis-tetrazoles2017In: ARKIVOC, ISSN 1551-7004, E-ISSN 1551-7012, p. 327-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In an effective and straightforward conversion, bis-semicarbazones and bis-thiosemicarbazones are transformed into a diversity of novel substituted bis-2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and bis-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, respectively under ultrasonic irradiation. Bis-tetrazoles are obtained from the dialdehydes by sequential reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, phosphorus pentoxide and sodium azide without isolation of the intermediates oximes and nitriles. All the reactions proceed cleanly and smoothly under mild conditions, with short reaction times and broad functional groups possibility. No side reactions were observed. [GRAPHICS]

  • 60. Arukuusk, Piret
    et al.
    Pärnaste, Ly
    Hällbrink, Mattias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Neurochemistry.
    Langel, Ülo
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Neurochemistry. Tartu University, Estonia.
    PepFects and NickFects for the Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids2015In: Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Methods and Protocols / [ed] Ülo Langel, New York: Springer, 2015, Vol. 1324, p. 303-315Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nucleic acids can be utilized in gene therapy to restore, alter, or silence gene functions. In order to reveal the biological activity nucleic acids have to reach their intracellular targets by passing through the plasma membrane, which is impermeable for these large and negatively charged molecules. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) condense nucleic acids into nanoparticles using non-covalent complexation strategy and mediate their delivery into the cell, whereas the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles determine the interactions with the membranes, uptake mechanism, and subsequent intracellular fate. The nanoparticles are mostly internalized by endocytosis that leads to the entrapment of them in endosomal vesicles. Therefore design of new CPPs that are applicable for non-covalent complex formation strategy and harness endosomolytic properties is highly vital. Here we demonstrate that PepFects and NickFects are efficient vectors for the intracellular delivery of various nucleic acids.This chapter describes how to form CPP/pDNA nanoparticles, evaluate stable nanoparticles formation, and assess gene delivery efficacy.

  • 61. Ashour, Radwa M.
    et al.
    Abdel-Magied, Ahmed F.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry. Nuclear Materials Authority, Egypt.
    Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed A.
    Helaly, O. S.
    Ali, M. M.
    Preparation and characterization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized by L-cysteine: Adsorption and desorption behavior for rare earth metal ions2016In: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, E-ISSN 2213-3437, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 3114-3121Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with L-cysteine (Cys-Fe3O4 NPs) was synthesized and fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and zeta potential measurements. The synthesized Cys-Fe(3)O(4)NPs has been evaluated as a highly adsorbent for the adsorption of a mixture of four rare earths RE3+ ions (La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ and Y3+) from digested monazite solutions. The influence of various factors on the adsorption efficiency such as, the contact time, sample pH, temperature, and concentration of the stripping solution were investigated. The results indicate that Cys-Fe3O4 NPs achieve high removal efficiency 96.7, 99.3, 96.5 and 87% for La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ ions, respectively, at pH = 6 within 15 min, and the adsorbent affinity for metal ions was found to be in order of Nd3+ > La3+ > Gd3+ > Y3+ ions. Using the Langmuir model, a maximum adsorption capacity of La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ at room temperature was found to be 71.5, 145.5, 64.5 and 13.6 mg g (1), respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order model fitted much better than the other isotherms and kinetic models. The obtained results for the thermodynamic parameters confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. Moreover, the desorption was carried out with 0.1 M nitric acid solutions. In addition, Cys-Fe3O4 NPs can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ ions from digested monazite solutions.

  • 62.
    Aydin, Juhanes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Larsson, Johanna M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Selander, Nicklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Szabó, Kálmán J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Pincer complex-catalyzed redox coupling of alkenes with iodonium salts via presumed palladium(IV) intermediates2009In: Organic Letters, ISSN 1523-7060, E-ISSN 1523-7052, Vol. 11, no 13, p. 2852-2854Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Palladium pincer complexes directly catalyze the redox coupling reactions of functionalized alkenes and iodonium salts. The catalytic process, which is suitable for mild catalytic functionalization of allylic acetates and electron-rich alkenes, probably occurs through Pd(IV) intermediates. Due to the strong metal−ligand interactions, the oxidation of phosphine and amine ligands of the pincer complexes can be avoided in the presented reactions.

  • 63.
    Aydin, Juhanes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Selander, Nicklas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Szabó, Kálmán J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Strategies for fine-tuning the catalytic activity of pincer-complexes2006In: Tetrahedron Letters, ISSN 0040-4039, E-ISSN 1359-8562, Vol. 47, no 50, p. 8999-9001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Various methoxy substituted pincer-complexes were prepared in order to study the substituent effects on the catalytic activity in palladium catalyzed opening of vinyl epoxides and boronation of cinnamyl alcohol. The results clearly show that methoxy substitution at the para-position of the pincer-complex leads to up to fourfold acceleration of the catalytic reactions, while substitution of the side-arms does not change the activity of the complex or leads to a slight deceleration of the catalytic processes.

  • 64.
    Aydin, Juhanes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Szabó, Kálmán
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Enantioselective palladium pincer complex catalyzed carbon carbon coupling reactions between tosylimines and various nucleophiles2008In: Abstracts of Papers, 236th ACS National Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, United States, August 17-21, 2008, Washington, DC: American Chemical Society , 2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 65.
    Aydin, Juhanes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Szabó, Kálmán J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Mechanistic considerations for the enantioselective palladium pincer complex catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling reactions2008In: Abstracts of Papers, 236th ACS National Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, United States, August 17-21, 2008, Washington, DC: American Chemical Society , 2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 66.
    Ayesa Alvarez, Susana
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Design and Synthesis of Amine Building Blocks and Protease Inhibitors2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The first part of this thesis addresses the design and synthesis of amine building blocks accomplished by applying two different synthetic procedures, both of which were developed using solid-phase chemistry. Chapter 1 presents the first of these methods, entailing a practical solid-phase parallel synthesis route to N-monoalkylated aminopiperidines and aminopyrrolidines achieved by selective reductive alkylation of primary and/or secondary amines. Solid-phase NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the reactions for which a new pulse sequence was developed. The second method, reported in Chapter 2, involves a novel approach to the synthesis of secondary amines starting from reactive alkyl halides and azides. The convenient solid-phase protocol that was devised made use of the Staudinger reaction in order to accomplish highly efficient alkylations of N-alkyl phosphimines or N-aryl phosphimines with reactive alkyl halides.

    The second part of the thesis describes the design and synthesis of three classes of protease inhibitors targeting the cysteine proteases cathepsins S and K, and the serine protease hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease. Chapter 4 covers the design, solid-phase synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 4-amidofurane-3-one P1-containing inhibitors of cathepsin S and the effects of P3 sulfonamide groups on the potency and selectivity towards related cathepsin proteases. This work resulted in the discovery of highly potent and selective inhibitors of cathepsin S. Two parallel solid-phase approaches to the synthesis of a series of aminoethylamide inhibitors of cathepsin K are presented in Chapter 5. Finally, Chapter 6 reports peptide-based HCV NS3 protease inhibitors containing a non-electrophilic allylic alcohol moiety as P1 group and also outlines efforts to incorporate this new template into low-molecular-weight drug-like molecules.

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  • 67.
    Ayesa, Susana
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Samuelsson, Bertil
    Classon, Björn
    A One-Pot, Solid-Phase Synthesis of Secondary Amines from Reactive Alkyl Halides and an Alkyl Azide2008In: Synlett: Accounts and Rapid Communications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ISSN 0936-5214, E-ISSN 1437-2096, no 1, p. 77-79Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 68.
    Babu, Beneesh P.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Endo, Yoshinori
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bäckvall, Jan-E.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Biomimetic Aerobic Oxidation of Amino Alcohols to Lactams2012In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 18, no 37, p. 11524-11527Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 69. Back, Marcus
    et al.
    Nyhlén, Jonas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Kvarnström, Ingemar
    Rosenquist, Åsa
    Samuelsson, Bertil
    Design, synthesis and SAR of potent statin-based β-secretase inhibitors: Exploration of P1 phenoxy and benzyloxy residues2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 70.
    Backman-Marklund, Irene
    Stockholm University.
    N.m.r. and conformational studies of some disaccharide derivates and a structural study of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7A1989Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 71.
    Balan, Daniela
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    The three-component aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction: development and application2004Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The current thesis presents the optimization and generalization of the Baylis-Hillman reaction applied to in situ generated imines, i.e. a three-component aza- Baylis-Hillman reaction. We found that the title reaction proceeds most efficiently in the presence of a combination of catalysts, i.e. 3-hydroxyquinuclidine (0.15 equiv) and titanium isopropoxide (0.02 equiv), together with molecular sieves (4 Å; activated powder; 200 mg/mmol substrate) at ambient temperature.

    Our study of the scope and limitations of this reaction, revealed that arylaldehydes and sulfonamides are the only imine precursors which both generate the corresponding imines in situ and facilitate a further reaction with the Michael acceptor in a Baylis-Hillman fashion. Among the Michael acceptors tested, acrylates and acrylonitrile demonstrate high reactivity, while acrylamides and β-substituted acrylates do not participate in the reaction.

    The optimized conditions applied to the above range of substrates results in good-to-excellent yields of the desired amine-products (53-94%) and very high chemoselectivity (83- >99%). Furthermore, the reaction times observed under these conditions are considerably shorter than those previously reported for the aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction.

    In the development of a stereoselective version of the title reaction, the use of a chiral catalyst proved to be most effective. Thus, an enantiomeric excess up to 74% can be obtained with β-Isocupreidine. With chiral imine precursors or chiral acrylates, the diastereoselectivity attained was poor. No asymmetric induction was observed when chiral Lewis acids were employed as a co-catalyst.

    The α-methylene-β-amino acid derivatives obtained via the three-component aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction were subjected to further transformation. Carbon chain elongation at the olefinic end of the amine-adduct was attempted. For this purpose, the Miyaura borylation protocol could be successfully applied. The subsequent Suzuki-type cross-coupling reaction resulted predominantly in hydrolysis of the boronate intermediate, together with formation of the amine-adduct via β-hydride elimination. The optimal conditions for this latter reaction remain to be found.

    Finally, 2,5-dihydropyrroles have been synthesized from aza-Baylis-Hillman adducts, via a short and efficient route in which the key step is a microwave-assisted ring-closing metathesis of the N-allylated amine-adducts.

  • 72. Barbion, Julien
    et al.
    Sorin, Geoffroy
    Selkti, Mohamed
    Kellenberger, Esther
    Baati, Rachid
    Santoro, Stefano
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Himo, Fahmi
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Pancrazi, Ange
    Lannou, Marie-Isabelle
    Ardisson, Janick
    Stereoselective functionalization of pyrrolidinone moiety towards the synthesis of salinosporamide A2012In: Tetrahedron, ISSN 0040-4020, E-ISSN 1464-5416, Vol. 68, no 32, p. 6504-6512Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important feature of the synthesis of salinosporamide A. a potent proteasome inhibitor, is the establishment of the quaternary stereocenter at C3. A new route has been developed based on the methylation of a functionalized pyrrolidinone. Direct methylation reaction led to the unwanted diastereomer: however, by means of a Corey-Chaykovsky reaction followed by LiAlH4 epoxide opening, the desired alcohol was obtained. The pyrrolidinone was elaborated through a key allylation reaction between a tertiary allyltitanium reagent and an aldehyde bearing a spiroketal moiety in alpha-position.

  • 73. Barlind, Jonas G.
    et al.
    Buckett, Linda K.
    Crosby, Sharon G.
    Davidsson, Ojvind
    Emtenas, Hans
    Ertan, Anne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Jurva, Ulrik
    Lemurell, Malin
    Morentin Gutierrez, Pablo
    Nilsson, Karolina
    O'Mahony, Gavin
    Petersson, Annika U.
    Redzic, Alma
    Wagberg, Fredrik
    Yuan, Zhong-Qing
    Identification and design of a novel series of MGAT2 inhibitors2013In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, ISSN 0960-894X, E-ISSN 1464-3405, Vol. 23, no 9, p. 2721-2726Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    [Acyl CoA]monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) is of interest as a target for therapeutic treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases which together constitute the metabolic syndrome. In this Letter we report our discovery and optimisation of a novel series of MGAT2 inhibitors. The development of the SAR of the series and a detailed discussion around some key parameters monitored and addressed during the lead generation phase will be given. The in vivo results from an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) using the MGAT2 inhibitor (S)-10, shows a significant reduction (68% inhibition relative to naive, p < 0.01) in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration.

  • 74.
    Bartholomeyzik, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Investigation of Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Arylating Carbocyclization of Allenynes.Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 75.
    Bartholomeyzik, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization/Functionalization of Allenynes2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The selective formation of carbon-carbon bonds constitutes a key transformation in organic synthesis with useful applications in pharmaceutical or material industry. A particularly versatile tool for carbon-carbon as well as carbon-heteroatom bond formation is palladium catalysis, which allows for mild and selective routes even towards complex structures.

    The work in this thesis describes the development and the mechanistic investigation of a palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative carbocyclization/functionalization methodology, which converts 1,5-allenynes into either arylated or borylated carbocycles. To this end, either boronic acids or B2pin2 are employed and 1,4-benzoquinone serves as the stoichiometric oxidant. These protocols provide access to two products, a cyclic triene and a cyclic vinylallene. Their formation is dependent on the substrate structure as the latter product requires a propargylic C–H bond to be present in the substrate. Based on kinetic isotope effects, mechanisms involving either an initial allenic or propargylic C–H abstraction, respectively, were proposed. Full control of product selectivity to give either trienes or vinylallenes was achieved by modifying the reaction conditions with additives. Using substoichiometric amounts of BF3·OEt2 leads selectively to borylated or arylated vinylallenes. Under arylating conditions the reaction is zero order in allenyne and oxidant, and first order in phenylboronic acid. Transmetalation and, to some extent, propargylic C–H cleavage were found to be turnover-limiting. The selective reaction towards functionalized trienes was achieved by addition of either substoichiometric LiOAc·2H2O (borylation) or excess amounts of H2O (arylation). For the latter case, a kinetic study revealed an unusually slow catalyst activation. Lower concentrations of H2O gave product mixtures, and it was shown that vinylallenes are formed with either boronic acid or boroxine, whereas the formation of trienes requires boronic acid.

  • 76.
    Bartholomeyzik, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization/Functionalization of Allenynes2013Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Palladium catalysis has emerged as an outstanding tool in synthetic organic chemistry for the mild and selective formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. This thesis has been directed towards the extension of palladium(II)-catalyzed carbocyclization chemistry under oxidative conditions. An oxidative carbocyclization/functionalization methodology utilizing boron-containing transmetalation reagents was exploited to convert 1,5-allenynes into either arylated or borylated carbocycles. Two protocols were developed that use minimal amounts of Pd(OAc)2, stoichiometric para-benzoquinone as the oxidant and either bis(pinacolato)diboron or different arylboronic acids under mild conditions. A wide substrate scope is applicable to both methods. When the allenyne substrate bears a propargylic hydrogen, two isomeric functionalized carbocycles can be formed. By controlling the reaction conditions the reaction can be directed towards either of these two isomeric products. Kinetic isotope effect studies suggest that the mechanism leading to the different products proceeds through allylic or propargylic C-H bond cleavage, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that water has an interesting effect on the product selectivity when arylboronic acids are used in the oxidative carbocyclization of allenynes.

  • 77.
    Bartholomeyzik, Teresa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Mazuela, Javier
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Pendrill, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Deng, Youqian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bäckvall, Jan-Erling
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Arylating Carbocyclization of Allenynes: Control of Selectivity and Role of H2O2014In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 53, no 33, p. 8696-8699Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Highly selective protocols for the carbocyclization/arylation of allenynes using arylboronic acids are reported. Arylated vinylallenes are obtained with the use of BF3 center dot Et2O as an additive, whereas addition of water leads to arylated trienes. These conditions provide the respective products with excellent selectivities (generally > 97:3) for a range of boronic acids and different allenynes. It has been revealed that water plays a crucial role for the product distribution.

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  • 78.
    Bartholomeyzik, Teresa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Pendrill, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Jiang, Tuo
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bäckvall, Jan-E.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Complex Kinetics in a Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization: Untangling of Competing Pathways, Pre-Catalyst Activation, and Product MixturesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 79.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Building molecular complexity via tandem Ru-catalyzed reactions of allylic alcohols2009Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 80.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Transition metal-catalysed hydrogen transfer processes for C-C and C-N bond formation: Synthetic studies and mechanistic investigations2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis focusses on synthetic studies and mechanistic investigations into reactions involving hydrogen-transfer processes.

    In the first part, the development of an efficient method for the synthesis of β-hydroxy ketones (aldols) and β-amino ketones (Mannich products) from allylic alcohols and aldehydes is described. These reactions use  Ru(η5-C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl as the catalyst. The reaction parameters were optimised in order to suppress the formation of undesired by-products. Neutral and mild reaction conditions enabled the synthesis of a variety of aldol products in up to 99% yield, with a good syn/anti ratio. The influence of the stereoelectronic properties of the catalyst on the reaction outcome was also studied. Based on the results obtained, a plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed, involving as the key steps the 1,4-addition of hydride to α,β-unsaturated ketones and the formation of ruthenium (Z)-enolates.

    In the second part of this thesis, a ruthenium-catalysed tandem isomerisation/C-H activation reaction is presented. A number of ruthenium complexes, phosphine ligands, and additives were evaluated in order to establish the optimal reaction conditions. It was found that the use of a stable ruthenium catalyst, Ru(PPh3)3Cl2, together with PtBu3 and HCO2Na resulted in an efficient tandem transformation. Using this procedure, a variety of ortho-alkylated ketones were obtained in excellent yields. Moreover, homoallylic alcohols could also be used as starting materials for the reaction, which further expands the substrate scope. Mechanistic investigations into the isomerisation part of the process were carried out.

    The last project described in the thesis deals with the design and preparation of novel bifunctional iridium complexes containing an N-(2-hydroxy-isobutyl)-N-Heterocyclic carbene ligand. These complexes were used as catalysts to alkylate amines using alcohols as latent electrophiles. The catalytic system developed here was found to be one of the most active systems reported to date, allowing the reaction to be performed at temperatures as low as 50 °C for the first time. A broad substrate scope was examined. Combined experimental and theoretical studies into the reaction mechanism are consistent with a metal-ligand bifunctional activity of the new catalyst.

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  • 81.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    González Miera, Greco
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Marcos, Rocio
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Norrby, Per-Ola
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Mechanistic Studies on the Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Iridium Complex2015In: ACS Catalysis, ISSN 2155-5435, E-ISSN 2155-5435, Vol. 5, no 6, p. 3704-3716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanism of the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols catalyzed by an iridium complex containing an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand with a tethered alcohol/alkoxide functionality was investigated by a combination of experimental and computational methods. The catalyst resting state is an iridium hydride species containing the amine substrate as a ligand, and decoordination of the amine, followed by coordination of the imine intermediate to the iridium center, constitute the rate-determining step (rds) of the catalytic process. The alcohol/alkoxide that is tethered to the NHC participates in every step of the catalytic cycle by accepting or releasing protons and forming hydrogen bonds with the reacting species. Thus, the iridium complex with the alcohol/alkoxide tethered to the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand acts as a bifunctional catalyst.

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  • 82.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Jezowska, Martina M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Laymand, Kevin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Mobus, Juri
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of β-Hydroxy and β-Amino Ketones from Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by Ru(η5-C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl2012In: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 1434-1948, E-ISSN 1099-1948, no 9, p. 1517-1530Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An efficient method for the synthesis of beta-hydroxy and beta-amino ketones from allylic alcohols catalyzed by Ru(5-C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl is described. The influence of the stereoelectronic properties of the catalyst on the reaction outcome has been studied. Optimization of the reaction conditions supressed the formation of undesired side products such as saturated ketones, benzyl alcohols, and a,beta-unsaturated ketones. Several aromatic and aliphatic allylic alcohols have been reacted with a large variety of aldehydes or imines to produce beta-hydroxy ketones or beta-amino ketones, respectively, in yields up to 99%. Based on experimental data, a mechanism via ruthenium alkoxides and ruthenium aldoxides is proposed. In addition, a C-bound ruthenium enolate has been characterized.

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  • 83.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Livendahl, Madeleine
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of b-Hydroxy Ketones from Allylic Alcohols via Catalytic Formation of Ruthenium Enolates2008In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 14, no 34, p. 10547-10550Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The most efficient Ru-catalyzed isomerization–aldol reaction from allylic alcohols has been achieved by using [η5-(Ph5Cp)Ru(CO)2Cl] as the catalyst. The bulky pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand on the ruthenium atom prevents protonation at the oxygen of the Ru–enolate intermediate and completely suppresses the formation of unwanted ketone byproducts (see scheme). The domino transformation is as good as it can be: aldols are obtained in quantitative yields at ambient temperature.

  • 84.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Marcos, Rocio
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Sahoo, Suman
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Inge, A. Ken
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    A Highly Active Bifunctional Iridium Complex with an Alcohol/Alkoxide-Tethered N-Heterocyclic Carbene for Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols2012In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 18, no 45, p. 14510-14519Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A series of new iridium(III) complexes containing bidentate N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) functionalized with an alcohol or ether group (NHC?OR, R=H, Me) were prepared. The complexes catalyzed the alkylation of anilines with alcohols as latent electrophiles. In particular, biscationic IrIII complexes of the type [Cp*(NHC-OH)Ir(MeCN)]2+2[BF4-] afforded higher-order amine products with very high efficiency; up to >99?% yield using a 1:1 ratio of reactants and 12.5 mol?% of Ir, in short reaction times (216 h) and under base-free conditions. Quantitative yields were also obtained at 50?degrees C, although longer reaction times (4860 h) were needed. A large variety of aromatic amines have been alkylated with primary and secondary alcohols. The reactivity of structurally related iridium(III) complexes was also compared to obtain insights into the mechanism and into the structure of possible catalytic intermediates. The IrIII complexes were stable towards oxygen and moisture, and were characterized by NMR, HRMS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses.

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  • 85.
    Bartoszewicz, Agnieszka
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Building molecular complexity via tandem Ru-catalyzed isomerization/C-H activation2009In: Organic Letters, ISSN 1523-7060, E-ISSN 1523-7052, Vol. 11, no 8, p. 1749-1752Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A tandem isomerization/C-H activation of allylic alcohols was performed using a catalytic amount of RUCl(2)(PPh(3))(3). A variety of ortho alkylated ketones have been obtained in excellent yields. This tandem process relies on an in situ generation of a carbonyl functional group that directs the ortho C-H bond activation.

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  • 86. Barzegar, Hamid Reza
    et al.
    Nitze, Florian
    Malolepszy, Artur
    Stobinski, Leszek
    Tai, Cheuk-Wai
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wagberg, Thomas
    Water Assisted Growth of C-60 Rods and Tubes by Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Precipitation Method2012In: Molecules, ISSN 1431-5157, E-ISSN 1420-3049, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 6840-6853Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    C-60 nanorods with hexagonal cross sections are grown using a static liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method in a system of C-60/m-dichlorobenzene solution and ethanol. Adding water to the ethanol phase leads instead to C-60 tubes where both length and diameter of the C-60 tubes can be controlled by the water content in the ethanol. Based on our observations we find that the diameter of the rods/tubes strongly depends on the nucleation step. We propose a liquid-liquid interface growth model of C-60 rods and tubes based on the diffusion rate of the good C-60 containing solvent into the poor solvent as well as on the size of the crystal seeds formed at the interface between the two solvents. The grown rods and tubes exhibit a hexagonal solvate crystal structure with m-dichlorobenzene solvent molecules incorporated into the crystal structure, independent of the water content. An annealing step at 200 degrees C at a pressure <1 kPa transforms the grown structures into a solvent-free face centered cubic structure. Both the hexagonal and the face centered cubic structures are very stable and neither morphology nor structure shows any signs of degradation after three months of storage.

  • 87. Battistel, Marcos D.
    et al.
    Pendrill, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Freedberg, Daron I.
    Direct Evidence for Hydrogen Bonding in Glycans: A Combined NMR and Molecular Dynamics Study2013In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 117, no 17, p. 4860-4869Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We introduce the abundant hydroxyl groups of glycans as NMR handle's and structural probes to expand the repertoire of tools for structure function studies on glycans in solution. To this end, we present the facile detection and assignment of hydroxyl groups in a Wide range of sample concentrations (0.5-1700 mM) and temperatures, ranging from -5 to 25 degrees C.,We then exploit this information to directly detect hydrogen bonds, well-known for their importance in molecular structural determination through NMR. Via HSQC-TOCSY, we were able to determine the directionality; of these hydrogen bonds in sucrose Furthermore, by means Of molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with NMR, we establish that one Out of the three detected hydrogen bonds arises from intermolecular interactions. This finding may shed light on glycan glycan interactions and glycan recognition by proteins.

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  • 88.
    Baumann, Herbert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science.
    Synthesis of and NMR and conformational studies on some 3-O-, 4-O- and 3,4-di-O-glycopyranosyl-substituted methyl d-glycopyranosides1988Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 89.
    Bedecs, Katarina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology.
    Galanin in the rat dorsal spinal cord: an inhibitor peptide in sensory processing1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 90.
    Belhomme, Marie-Charlotte
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Wang, Dong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Szabó, Kálmán J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Formation of C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) Bonds by Palladium Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of alpha-Diazoketones and Allylboronic Acids2016In: Organic Letters, ISSN 1523-7060, E-ISSN 1523-7052, Vol. 18, no 10, p. 2503-2506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of allylboronic acids with a-diazoketones was studied. The reaction selectively affords the linear allylic product. The reaction proceeds with formation of a new C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) bond. The reaction was performed without an external oxidant, likely without the Pd-catalyst undergoing redox reactions.

  • 91. Bergenstråhle-Wohlert, Malin
    et al.
    Angles d'Ortoli, Thibault
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Sjöberg, Nils A.
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Wohlert, Jakob
    On the anomalous temperature dependence of cellulose aqueous solubility2016In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 2375-2387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The solubility of cellulose in water-based media is promoted by low temperature, which may appear counter-intuitive. An explanation to this phenomenon has been proposed that is based on a temperature-dependent orientation of the hydroxymethyl group. In this paper, this hypothesis is investigated using molecular dynamics computer simulations and NMR spectroscopy, and is discussed in conjunction with alternative explanations based on solvent–solute and solvent–solvent hydrogen bond formation respectively. It is shown that neither simulations nor experiments lend support to the proposed mechanism based on the hydroxymethyl orientation, whereas the two alternative explanations give rise to two distinct contributions to the hydration free energy of cellooligomers.

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  • 92. Berglund, Jennie
    et al.
    Angles d'Ortoli, Thibault
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Vilaplana, Francisco
    Widmalm, Göran
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Bergenstråhle-Wohlert, Malin
    Lawoko, Martin
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    Lindström, Mikael
    Wohlert, Jakob
    A molecular dynamics study of the effect of glycosidic linkage type in the hemicellulose backbone on the molecular chain flexibility2016In: The Plant Journal, ISSN 0960-7412, E-ISSN 1365-313X, Vol. 88, no 1, p. 56-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The macromolecular conformation of the constituent polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass influences their supramolecular interactions, and therefore their function in plants and their performance in technical products. The flexibility of glycosidic linkages from the backbone of hemicelluloses was studied by evaluating the conformational freedom of the φ and ψ dihedral angles using molecular dynamic simulations, additionally selected molecules were correlated with experimental data by NMR spectroscopy. Three types of β-(1→4) glycosidic linkages involving the monosaccharides (Glcp, Xylp and Manp) present in the backbone of hemicelluloses were defined. Different di- and tetrasaccharides with combinations of such sugar monomers from hemicelluloses were simulated and free energy maps of the φ - ψ space and hydrogen bonding patterns were obtained. The glycosidic linkage between Glc-Glc or Glc-Man (C-type) was the stiffest with mainly one probable conformation; the linkage from Man-Man or Man-Glc (M-type) was similar but with an increased probability for an alternative conformation making it more flexible, and the linkage between two Xyl-units (X-type) was the most flexible with two almost equally populated conformations. Glycosidic linkages of the same type showed essentially the same conformational space in both disaccharides and in the central region of tetrasaccharides. Different probabilities of glycosidic linkage conformations in the backbone of hemicelluloses can be directly estimated from the free energy maps, which to a large degree affect the overall macromolecular conformations of these polymers. The information gained contributes to an increased understanding of hemicelluloses’ function both in the cell wall and in technical products.

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  • 93.
    Bergman, Åke
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Environmental Chemistry.
    Rydén, Andreas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Environmental Chemistry.
    Law, Robin J.
    de Boer, Jacob
    Covaci, Adrian
    Alaee, Mehran
    Birnbaum, Linda
    Petreas, Myrto
    Rose, Martin
    Sakai, Shinichi
    Van den Eede, Nele
    van der Veen, Ike
    A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals2012In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 49, p. 57-82Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ever since the interest in organic environmental contaminants first emerged 50 years ago, there has been a need to present discussion of such chemicals and their transformation products using simple abbreviations so as to avoid the repetitive use of long chemical names. As the number of chemicals of concern has increased, the number of abbreviations has also increased dramatically, sometimes resulting in the use of different abbreviations for the same chemical. In this article, we propose abbreviations for flame retardants (FRs) substituted with bromine or chlorine atoms or including a functional group containing phosphorus, i.e. BFRs, CFRs and PFRs, respectively. Due to the large number of halogenated and organophosphorus FRs, it has become increasingly important to develop a strategy for abbreviating the chemical names of FRs. In this paper, a two step procedure is proposed for deriving practical abbreviations (PRABs) for the chemicals discussed. In the first step, structural abbreviations (STABs) are developed using specific STAB criteria based on the FR structure. However, since several of the derived STABs are complicated and long, we propose instead the use of PRABs. These are, commonly, an extract of the most essential part of the STAB, while also considering abbreviations previously used in the literature. We indicate how these can be used to develop an abbreviation that can be generally accepted by scientists and other professionals involved in FR related work. Tables with PRABs and STABs for BFRs, CFRs and PERs are presented, including CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) numbers, notes of abbreviations that have been used previously, CA (Chemical Abstract) name, common names and trade names, as well as some fundamental physicochemical constants.

  • 94.
    Bermejo Gomez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Erbing, Elis
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Batuecas, Maria
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Vazquez-Romero, Ana
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belen
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Iridium-Catalyzed Isomerization/Bromination of Allylic Alcohols: Synthesis of alpha-Bromocarbonyl Compounds2014In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 20, no 34, p. 10703-10709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    alpha-Brominated ketones and aldehydes, with two adjacent electrophilic carbon atoms, are highly valuable synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis, however, their synthesis from unsymmetrical ketones is very challenging, and current methods suffer from low selectivity. We present a new, reliable, and efficient method for the synthesis of alpha-bromocarbonyl compounds in excellent yields and with excellent selectivities. Starting from allylic alcohols as the carbonyl precursors, the combination of a 1,3-hydrogen shift catalyzed by iridium(III) with an electrophilic bromination gives alpha-bromoketones and aldehydes in good to excellent yields. The selectivity of the process is determined by the structure of the starting allylic alcohol; thus, alpha-bromoketones formally derived from unsymmetrical ketones can be synthesized in a straightforward and selective manner.

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  • 95.
    Bermejo Gómez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Cortés González, Miguel A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Lübcke, Marvin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Johansson, Magnus J.
    Halldin, Christer
    Szabó, Kálmán J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry. Karolinska Insitutet, Sweden.
    Schou, Magnus
    Efficient DBU accelerated synthesis of F-18-labelled trifluoroacetamides2016In: Chemical Communications, ISSN 1359-7345, E-ISSN 1364-548X, Vol. 52, no 97, p. 13963-13966Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nucleophilic F-18-fluorination of bromodifluoromethyl derivatives was performed using [F-18] Bu4NF in the presence of DBU(1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). This novel procedure provided a diverse set of [F-18] trifluoroacetamides in good to excellent radiochemical conversions. A mechanism where DBU acts as organomediator in this transformation is proposed.

  • 96.
    Bermejo Gómez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Cortés González, Miguel A.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Lübcke, Marvin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry. Karolinska Intitutet, Sweden.
    Johansson, Magnus J.
    Schou, Magnus
    Szabó, Kálmán J.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry. Karolinska Intitutet, Sweden.
    Synthesis of trifluoromethyl moieties by late-stage copper (I) mediated nucleophilic fluorination2017In: Journal of fluorine chemistry, ISSN 0022-1139, E-ISSN 1873-3328, Vol. 194, p. 51-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The nucleophilic fluorination of bromodifluoromethyl derivatives mediated by the complex (PPh3)(3)CuF is described. Under the reaction conditions, different trifluoroacetates, trifluorolcetones, trifluoroarenes and trifluoroacetamides were obtained in good yields.

  • 97.
    Bermejo Gómez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Holmberg, Pär
    Bäckvall, Jan-Erling
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martin-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Transition metal-catalyzed redox isomerization of codeine and morphine in water2014In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 4, no 74, p. 39519-39522Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A water-soluble rhodium complex formed from commercially available [Rh(COD)(CH3CN)(2)]BF4 and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) catalyzes the isomerization of both codeine and morphine into hydrocodone and hydromorphone with very high efficiency. The reaction is performed in water, allowing isolation of the final products by simple filtration, which results in very high isolated yields. The reactions can be easily scaled up to 100 g.

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  • 98.
    Bermejo López, Aitor
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Iridium Catalyzed Carbon- Heteroatom Bond Forming Reactions via Hydrogen Transfer: Method Development and Mechanistic Elucidations2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The present thesis describes the applicability of two different iridium(III) complexes for C-O and C-N bond forming reactions. The different projects described in this work are united by the use of an iridium catalyst bearing a functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. These catalysts operate through a hydrogen transfer mechanism to afford the desired products. This approach gives access to a variety of valuable products in a sustainable and atomeconomical manner, generating water as the only byproduct.

    In Chapter 1, a general introduction to catalysis, followed by a more detailed description of organometallic complexes and their use in hydrogen transfer reactions is described. An overview of different mechanistic studies that have been employed within this thesis is also provided.

    Chapter 2 describes the use of an alkoxy-functionalized iridium-NHC complex, previously reported by our group, on cyclodehydration reactions (Paper I). A range of cyclic ethers are obtained from the corresponding diol compounds. Mechanistic studies confirmed an unexplored hydrogen transfer pathway to be operating for the majority of the substrates.

    In Chapter 3, a new amino-functionalized iridium-NHC catalyst is designed and synthesized, aiming at improving the reactivity compared to previous reports. Then, its outstanding efficiency on carbon-nitrogen bond forming reactions is depicted in different protocols (Papers II, III and IV).

    Paper II achieves the base-free and selective mono-N-alkylation of amines with alcohols mostly at room temperature. Mechanistic studies are performed to gain a better understanding of the catalytic cycle by combining experimental and in silico studies.

    In Paper III, the use of this catalyst to access N-modified amino acids is described. Excellent group tolerance allowed for the synthesis of more than 100 compounds. Moreover, quantitative yields are obtained in all cases without the need of tedious derivatization/purification steps. In addition, convenient scalability, recyclability and deuterium labelling studies are also presented. Further applicability of these compounds as high-value building blocks for the synthesis of N-modified peptides is demonstrated.

    In Paper IV, the catalyst is used for the direct mono-N-alkylation of a range of aminosugars with alcohols. The method is developed to be applied on unprotected carbohydrates, that enables to access these important organic molecules in a direct, and thus sustainable, manner, avoiding unnecessary protection and deprotection steps.

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    Iridium Catalyzed Carbon- Heteroatom Bond Forming Reactions via Hydrogen Transfer
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  • 99.
    Bermejo-Gómez, Antonio
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Ahlsten, Nanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Martín-Matute, Belén
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    Synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles from α,β-unsaturated ketones: Preparation of 5-Benzyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine hydrochlorideManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 100.
    Bermejo-López, Aitor
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry.
    A General and “Universal” Catalyst for the Base-Free Selective Mono-NAlkylation of Amines with Alcohols. Insights into the MechanismManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The amine functional group is commonly found in the structures of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other functionalized materials. The catalytic alkylation of amines with alcohols is a highly atom-economical approach that produces water as the sole by-product. In this paper, we present a highly efficient method for the selective monoalkylation of amines with alcohols using a “universal” bifunctional NHC-Ir(III) catalyst. This method allows aliphatic and aromatic amines to undergo coupling reactions with a wide variety of alcohols under very mild reaction conditions. The mechanism has been studied through a combination of experimental investigations, EXAFS, and DFT studies.

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