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  • 1. Acemoglu, Daron
    et al.
    Aghion, Philippe
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Bursztyn, Leonardo
    Hemous, David
    The Environment and Directed Technical Change2012In: The American Economic Review, ISSN 0002-8282, E-ISSN 1944-7981, Vol. 102, no 1, p. 131-166Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. The final good is produced from dirty and clean inputs. We show that: (i) when inputs are sufficiently substitutable, sustainable growth can be achieved with temporary taxes/subsidies that redirect innovation toward clean inputs; (ii) optimal policy involves both carbon taxes and research subsidies, avoiding excessive use of carbon taxes; (iii) delay in intervention is costly, as it later necessitates a longer transition phase with slow growth; and (iv) use of an exhaustible resource in dirty input production helps the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire.

  • 2.
    Balleer, Almut
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    New Evidence, Old Puzzles: Technology Shocks and Labor Market Dynamics2012In: Quantitative Economics, ISSN 1759-7323, E-ISSN 1759-7331, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 363-392Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Can the standard search-and-matching labor market model replicate the business cycle fluctuations of the job finding rate and the unemployment rate? In the model, these fluctuations are driven by movements in productivity. This paper investigates the sources of productivity fluctuations that are commonly interpreted as technology shocks. I estimate different types of technology shocks from structural vector autoregressions and reassess the empirical performance of the standard model based on second moments that are conditional on technology and nontechnology (preference) shocks. Most prominently, the model is able to replicate the conditional volatilities of job finding and unemployment. However, it fails to replicate the correlation of productivity with unemployment and job finding that is conditional on both technology and nontechnology shocks.

  • 3. Besley, Timothy J.
    et al.
    Burchardi, Konrad B.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Ghatak, Maitreesh
    Incentives and the De Soto Effect2012In: Quarterly Journal of Economics, ISSN 0033-5533, E-ISSN 1531-4650, Vol. 127, no 1, p. 237-282Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper explores the consequences of improving property rights to facilitate the use of fixed assets as collateral, popularly attributed to the influential policy advocate Hernando de Soto. We use an equilibrium model of a credit market with moral hazard to characterize the theoretical effects and also develop a quantitative analysis using data from Sri Lanka. We show that the effects are likely to be nonlinear and heterogeneous by wealth group. They also depend on the extent of competition between lenders. There can be significant increases in profits and reductions in interest rates when credit markets are competitive. However, since these are due to reductions in moral hazard, that is, increased effort, the welfare gains tend to be modest when cost of effort is taken into account. Allowing for an extensive margin where borrowers gain access to the credit market can make these effects larger depending on the underlying wealth distribution.

  • 4.
    Boschini, Anne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Muren, Astri
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics.
    Persson, Mats
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Constructing Gender Differences in the Economics Lab2012In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ISSN 0167-2681, E-ISSN 1879-1751, Vol. 84, no 3, p. 741-752Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the effects of experimental design on male and female behavior in a dictator game. Following social identity we investigate how experimental procedure may affect outcome through gender priming, i.e. the activation of gender stereotypes specifying that women behave altruistically and men egoistically. We prime subjects by asking them to indicate their gender in a questionnaire, before playing the game. In our experiment, such gender priming is effective (i.e. creates a gender difference in generosity) in gender-mixed environments, but not in single-sex environments. Further, men are more sensitive to priming than women are.

  • 5.
    Calmfors, Lars
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Can the Eurozone Develop into a Well-functioning Fiscal Union?2012In: CESifo Forum, ISSN 1615-245X, E-ISSN 2190-717X, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 10-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The sovereign debt crises have demonstrated clearly the inadequacy of the earlier system of economics governance in the euro area. Parallel with the acute crisis management, far-reaching reforms of the rules system have been instituted. These include the new regulations adopted in the so-called 'Six-pack' in November 2011 based on earlier proposals from the European Commission and the van Rompuy Task Force. The latest addition is the intergovernmental treaty on a fiscal compact agreed in March 2012 ('Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economics and Monetary Union'). This article discusses whether or not these reforms are likely to work.

  • 6.
    Calmfors, Lars
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Dimdins, Girts
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Montgomery, Henry
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Stavlöt, Ulrika
    Why Do People Dislike Low-Wage Trade Competition with Posted Workers in the Service Sector?2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The issue of low-wage competition in services trade involving posted workers is controversial in the EU. Using Swedish survey data, people’s attitudes are found to be more negative to such trade than to goods trade. The differences depend on both a preference for favouring social groups to which individuals belong (here the domestic population) and altruistic justice concerns for foreign workers. In small-group experiments we find a tendency for people to adjust their evaluations of various aspects of trade to their general attitude. This tendency is stronger for those opposed to than those in favour of low-wage trade competition. This may indicate that the former group forms its attitudes in a less rational way than the latter group.

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  • 7. Dahlberg, Matz
    et al.
    Edmark, Karin
    Lundqvist, Heléne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution2012In: Journal of Political Economy, ISSN 0022-3808, E-ISSN 1537-534X, Vol. 120, no 1, p. 41-76Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants' preferences for redistribution. We exploit exogenous variation in immigrant shares stemming from a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during 1985-94 and match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities. We find significant, negative effects of increased immigration on the support for redistribution. The effect is especially pronounced among high-income earners. We also establish that estimates from earlier studies failing to identify causal effects are likely to be positively biased (i.e., less negative).

  • 8. Davila, Julio
    et al.
    Hong, Jay H.
    Krusell, Per
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Rios-Rull, Jose-Victor
    Constrained Efficiency in the Neoclassical Growth Model With Uninsurable Idiosyncratic Shocks2012In: Econometrica, ISSN 0012-9682, E-ISSN 1468-0262, Vol. 80, no 6, p. 2431-2467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the welfare properties of the one-sector neoclassical growth model with uninsurable idiosyncratic shocks. We focus on the notion of constrained efficiency used in the general equilibrium literature. Our characterization of constrained efficiency uses the first-order condition of a constrained planner's problem. This condition highlights the margins of relevance for whether capital is too high or too low: the factor composition of income of the (consumption-)poor. Using three calibrations commonly considered in the literature, we illustrate that there can be either over- or underaccumulation of capital in steady state and that the constrained optimum may or may not be consistent with a nondegenerate long-run distribution of wealth. For the calibration that roughly matches the income and wealth distribution, the constrained inefficiency of the market outcome is rather striking: it has much too low a steady-state capital stock.

  • 9. Gonzalez-Eiras, Martin
    et al.
    Niepelt, Dirk
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Ageing, government budgets, retirement, and growth2012In: European Economic Review, ISSN 0014-2921, E-ISSN 1873-572X, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 97-115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We analyze the short and long-run effects of demographic ageing - increased longevity and reduced fertility - on per-capita growth. The OLG model captures direct effects, working through adjustments in the savings rate, labor supply, and capital deepening, and indirect effects, working through changes of taxes, government spending components and the retirement age in politico-economic equilibrium. Growth is driven by capital accumulation and productivity increases fueled by public investment. The closed-form solutions of the model predict taxation and the retirement age in OECD economies to increase in response to demographic ageing and per-capita growth to accelerate. If the retirement age was held constant, the growth rate in politico-economic equilibrium would essentially remain unchanged, due to a surge of social-security transfers and crowding out of public investment.

  • 10.
    Gylfason, Thorvaldur
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Development and Growth in Resource-Dependent Countries: Why Social Policy Matters2012In: MINERAL RENTS AND THE FINANCING OF SOCIAL POLICY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES / [ed] Hujo, K, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, p. 26-61Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Hassler, John
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Krusell, Per
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    ECONOMICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE: INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT IN A MULTI-REGION WORLD2012In: Journal of the European Economic Association, ISSN 1542-4766, E-ISSN 1542-4774, Vol. 10, no 5, p. 974-1000Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper develops a model that integrates the climate and the global economyan integrated assessment modelwith which different policy scenarios can be analyzed and compared. The model is a dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium setup with a continuum of regions. Thus, it is a full stochastic general-equilibrium version of RICE, Nordhauss pioneering multi-region integrated assessment model. Like RICE, our model features traded fossil fuel but otherwise has no markets across regionsthere is no insurance nor any intertemporal trade across them. The extreme form of market incompleteness is not fully realistic but arguably not a bad approximation of reality. Its major advantage is that, along with a set of reasonable assumptions on preferences, technology, and nature, it allows a closed-form model solution. We use the model to assess the welfare consequences of carbon taxes that differ across as well as within oil-consuming and -producing regions. We show that, surprisingly, only taxes on oil producers can improve the climate: taxes on oil consumers have no effect at all. The calibrated model suggests large differences in views on climate policy across regions.

  • 12.
    Hassler, John
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Sinn, Hans-Werner
    The Fossile Episode2012Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    We build a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model with one-sided substitutability between fossil carbon and biocarbon. One shock only, the discovery of the technology to use fossil fuels, leads to a transition from an initial pre-industrial phase to three following ohases: a pure fossil carbon phase, a mixed fossil and biocarbon phase and an absorbing biocarbon phase. The increased competition for biocarbon during phase 3 and 4 leads to increasing food prices. We provide closed form expressions for this price increase. Our calibration leads to a price increase of 40% if capital and labor are allowed to move to the biocarbon sector. Otherwise, the price increase is much higher. We also use the model to analyze the consequences of restrictions on using biocarbon as fuel. We show that such restrictions can lead to a substantially slower global warming due to an endogenous slowdown of fossil fuel extraction.

  • 13.
    Kudamatsu, Masayuki
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    HAS DEMOCRATIZATION REDUCED INFANT MORTALITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA?: EVIDENCE FROM MICRO DATA2012In: Journal of the European Economic Association, ISSN 1542-4766, E-ISSN 1542-4774, Vol. 10, no 6, p. 1294-1317Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Does democracy help babies survive in sub-Saharan Africa? By using retrospective fertility surveys conducted in 28 African countries, I compare the survival of infants born to the same mother before and after democratization to disentangle the effect of democracy from that of changes in population characteristics, which is infeasible with country-level statistics on infant mortality. I find that infant mortality falls by 1.2 percentage points, 12% of the sample mean, after democratization in the post-Cold War period. Relevant aspects of democracy appear to be the combination of multiparty elections and leadership change.

  • 14.
    Lindbeck, Assar
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Ekonomi är att välja: memoarer2012Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 15.
    Lindbeck, Assar
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Nationalekonomi: vad är det?2012In: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens årsbok, Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, 2012, p. 103-112Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Lindbeck, Assar
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Reflektioner om nationalekonomins styrka och begränsningar2012In: Ekonomisk debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 40, no 7, p. 17-25Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Malmberg, Hannes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Hössjer, Ola
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics.
    Argmax over continuous indeces of random variables - an approach using random fields2012Report (Other academic)
  • 18. Nandy, Shailen
    et al.
    Svedberg, Peter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF): An Alternative Indicator of Malnutrition in Young Children2012In: Handbook of Anthropometry: Physical Measures of Human Form in Health and Disease / [ed] Victor E. Preedy, New York: Springer-Verlag New York, 2012, p. 127-137Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Malnutrition is a serious problem in many developing countries. It is one of the main causes of child morbidity and contributes significantly to premature mortality. This chapter discusses the design and use of an alternative indicator of malnutrition – the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). It argues the three most commonly used anthropometric indicators of stunting, wasting and underweight, while providing valuable information about distinct biological processes, are individually unable to provide a comprehensive picture of the overall burden of malnutrition among young children in a population. They are frequently used to predict health and mortality risk, but provide quite limited information on the relationship between malnutrition and disease. The CIAF, however, can also be used to predict morbidity risk, and in its disaggregated form provides a more useful picture of the relationship between ill health and malnutrition. It can also be used to examine the relationship between different forms of malnutrition and poverty. Using the new World Health Organization (WHO) reference population norms and recent anthropometric data on 45,377 Indian children aged under 5 years, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are calculated and compared to prevalence estimates by the CIAF. Age adjusted logistic regression is used to see how well different indicators predict morbidity risk. Analysis of variance is used to see the relationship between groups of anthropometric failure and poverty. This chapter also provides information on how reliable, nationally representative anthropometric data from household surveys can be freely accessed by researchers to pursue their own study.

  • 19.
    Persson, Mats
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Den europeiska skuldkrisen2012 (ed. 1)Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    2010-2012 års europeiska skuldkris har lett till gigantiska överföringar av pengar i syfte att »rädda euron«.

    I denna debattbok diskuterar Mats Persson överföringarna och han menar att de i första hand har gynnat ägarna till de banker som spekulerat i sydeuropeiska statsobligationer. Därigenom har åtgärderna uppmuntrat skadligt risktagande, vilket inverkar på valutaunionens stabilitet. Problemen har förvärrats av de krav på nedskärningar som tvingats på skuldländerna; dessa krav har skapat politiska slitningar mellan nationerna.

    För att få valutaunionen att fungera krävs att man går tillbaks till Maastrichtfördraget 1992: andra länder ska inte lägga sig i hur ett enskilt euroland sköter sin ekonomi. Och några överföringar av pengar – för att lösa ut länder som misskött sig eller för att »rädda euron« – ska inte ske. Boken avslutas med en diskussion av hur en sådan politik ska kunna fungera i praktiken.

  • 20. Rummukainen, Markku
    et al.
    Gerger Swartling, Åsa
    Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute.
    Löwendahl, Elin
    Wallgren, Oskar
    Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute.
    Hassler, John
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Smith, Ben
    Mistra SWECIA annual report 2011. pp. 7-8: The climate change adaptation landscape2012Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 21. Sturm, Jan-Egbert
    et al.
    Calmfors, Lars
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Corsetti, Giancarlo
    Hassler, John
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Saint-Paul, Gilles
    Valentinyi, Ákos
    Vives, Xavier
    Sinn, Hans-Werner
    The EEAG Report on the European Economy 20122012Report (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Svedberg, Peter
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Reforming or Replacing the Public Distribution System With Cash Transfer?2012In: Economic and Political Weekly, ISSN 0012-9976, Vol. XLVII, no 7, p. 53-62Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The targeted public distribution system, intended to provide subsidised food to poor households, is the largest welfare programme in India, with a budget corresponding to about 1% of the net national product. Several studies have found the system to be inefficient and costly in assisting the poor. This paper analyses the case for, and against, replacing a reformed version of this system with a targeted and differentiated cash transfer scheme. Such a scheme could cover about two-thirds of households, and make far larger transfers to the poorest compared to the actual subsidy embedded in the current system, eliminating the risk of large exclusion errors. Further, the overall budget can be held at the present outlay level. It is argued that most of the objections to such a transfer scheme can be circumvented at the design stage.

  • 23.
    Svensson, Lars E.O.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Comment on Michael Woodford, 'Inflation Targeting and Financial Stability'2012In: Sveriges Riksbank Economic Review, ISSN 2001-029X, no 1, p. 33-39Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Svensson, Lars E.O.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Evaluating monetary policy2012In: The Taylor rule and the transformation of monetary policy / [ed] Evan F. Koenig, Robert Leeson, and George A. Kahn, Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University , 2012, p. 245-274Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Svensson, Lars E.O.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Utmaningar för Riksbanken: penningpolitik och finansiell stabilitet2012In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 40, no 5, p. 17-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna artikel diskuterar jag de utmaningar som Riksbanken ställs inför beträffande att föra en penningpolitik i enlighet med sitt mandat samt att främja ett säkert och effektivt betalningsväsende och därmed bedriva makrotillsyn. Slutsatserna är att penningpolitikens mandat enligt riksbankslagen och dess förarabeten är prisstabilitet och högsta hållbara sysselsättning, att penningpolitiken därför bör inriktas på att stabilisera inflationen runt inflationsmålet och arbetslösheten runt en långsiktigt hållbar nivå, att huspriser och bolånetillväxt inte bör vara mål för penningpolitiken, att den genomsnittliga inflationen under längre period bör hållas på målet samt att penningpolitiken och makrotillsynen bör hållas isär och inte blandas ihop.

  • 26.
    Östling, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    Varför värna den personliga integriteten?2012In: Integritet i en digital värld: sju texter om individ och internet / [ed] Isobel Hadley-Kamptz [och sex andra], Stockholm: Fores , 2012Chapter in book (Other academic)
1 - 26 of 26
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