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  • 1. Abubakar, Amina
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Stefenel, Delia
    Uka, Fitim
    Zahaj, Skerdi
    Murimi, Paul
    van de Vijver, Fons
    Associations Between Social Connectedness and Academic Achievement Among Roma Youth in Eastern Europe2021Ingår i: Roma Minority Youth Across Cultural Contexts: Taking a Positive Approach to Research, Policy, and Practice / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova; David Lackland Sam; Laura Ferrer Wreder, Oxford University Press, 2021, s. 133-155Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, the authors report on a study that examined relations between social connectedness, school engagement, and achievement in minority (Roma) and majority youth in Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Romania. Based on a social connectedness model, they investigated the interplay of two connectedness domains (i.e., school and family) and their relations to school engagement and achievement. Participants were 1,063 adolescents who completed the Social Connectedness Scale on school engagement and average academic achievement. The authors found that social connectedness, especially school connectedness, was associated with school engagement while parental education was associated with school achievement. Implications are discussed in terms of how these findings are relevant to greater insight into the promotion of connectedness and the academic success of minority and majority youth across the countries under investigation.

  • 2. Aczel, Balazs
    et al.
    Szaszi, Barnabas
    Nilsonne, Gustav
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    van den Akker, Olmo R.
    Albers, Casper J.
    van Assen, Marcel Alm
    Bastiaansen, Jojanneke A.
    Benjamin, Daniel
    Boehm, Udo
    Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem
    Bringmann, Laura F.
    Busch, Niko A.
    Caruyer, Emmanuel
    Cataldo, Andrea M.
    Cowan, Nelson
    Delios, Andrew
    van Dongen, Noah N. N.
    Donkin, Chris
    van Doorn, Johnny B.
    Dreber, Anna
    Dutilh, Gilles
    Egan, Gary F.
    Gernsbacher, Morton Ann
    Hoekstra, Rink
    Hoffmann, Sabine
    Holzmeister, Felix
    Huber, Juergen
    Johannesson, Magnus
    Jonas, Kai J.
    Kindel, Alexander T.
    Kirchler, Michael
    Kunkels, Yoram K.
    Lindsay, D. Stephen
    Mangin, Jean-Francois
    Matzke, Dora
    Munafò, Marcus R.
    Newell, Ben R.
    Nosek, Brian A.
    Poldrack, Russell A.
    van Ravenzwaaij, Don
    Rieskamp, Jörg
    Salganik, Matthew J.
    Sarafoglou, Alexandra
    Schonberg, Tom
    Schweinsberg, Martin
    Shanks, David
    Silberzahn, Raphael
    Simons, Daniel J.
    Spellman, Barbara A.
    St-Jean, Samuel
    Starns, Jeffrey J.
    Uhlmann, Eric Luis
    Wicherts, Jelte
    Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan
    Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies2021Ingår i: eLIFE, E-ISSN 2050-084X, Vol. 10, artikel-id e72185Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.

  • 3. Ahlström, Christer
    et al.
    Zemblys, Raimondas
    Jansson, Herman
    Forsberg, Christian
    Karlsson, Johan
    Anund, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Sweden; Linköping University, Sweden.
    Effects of partially automated driving on the development of driver sleepiness2021Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 153, artikel-id 106058Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this study was to compare the development of sleepiness during manual driving versus level 2 partially automated driving, when driving on a motorway in Sweden. The hypothesis was that partially auto-mated driving will lead to higher levels of fatigue due to underload. Eighty-nine drivers were included in the study using a 2 ? 2 design with the conditions manual versus partially automated driving and daytime (full sleep) versus night-time (sleep deprived). The results showed that night-time driving led to markedly increased levels of sleepiness in terms of subjective sleepiness ratings, blink durations, PERCLOS, pupil diameter and heart rate. Partially automated driving led to slightly higher subjective sleepiness ratings, longer blink durations, decreased pupil diameter, slower heart rate, and higher EEG alpha and theta activity. However, elevated levels of sleepiness mainly arose from the night-time drives when the sleep pressure was high. During daytime, when the drivers were alert, partially automated driving had little or no detrimental effects on driver fatigue. Whether the negative effects of increased sleepiness during partially automated driving can be compensated by the positive effects of lateral and longitudinal driving support needs to be investigated in further studies.

  • 4.
    Almkvist, Ove
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Biologisk psykologi. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Brüggen, Katharina
    Nordberg, Agneta
    Subcortical and Cortical Regions of Amyloid-β Pathology Measured by C-11-PiB PET Are Differentially Associated with Cognitive Functions and Stages of Disease in Memory Clinic Patients2021Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 81, nr 4, s. 1613-1624Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The effect of regional brain amyloid-beta (A beta) pathology on specific cognitive functions is incompletely known.

    Objective: The relationship between A beta and cognitive functions was investigated in this cross-sectional multicenter study of memory clinic patients.

    Methods: The participants were patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 83), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 60), and healthy controls (HC, n = 32), who had been scanned by C-11-PiB PET in 13 brain regions of both hemispheres and who had been assessed by cognitive tests covering seven domains.

    Results: Hierarchic multiple regression analyses were performed on each cognitive test as dependent variable, controlling for demographic characteristics and APOE status (block 1) and PiB measures in 13 brain regions (block 2) as independent variables. The model was highly significant for each cognitive test and most strongly for tests of episodic memory (learning and retention) versus PiB in putamen, visuospatially demanding tests (processing and retention) versus the occipital lobe, semantic fluency versus the parietal lobe, attention versus posterior gyrus cinguli, and executive function versus nucleus accumbens. In addition, education had a positively and APOE status a negatively significant effect on cognitive tests.

    Conclusion: Five subcortical and cortical regions with A beta pathology are differentially associated with cognitive functions and stages of disease in memory clinic patients.

  • 5.
    Almkvist, Ove
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Biologisk psykologi. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Graff, Caroline
    The APOE ε4 Allele Affects Cognitive Functions Differently in Carriers of APP Mutations Compared to Carriers of PSEN1 Mutations in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease2021Ingår i: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 12, nr 12, artikel-id 1954Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Mounting evidence shows that the APOE ε4 allele interferes with cognition in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Less is known about APOE in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease (adAD). The present study explored the effects on cognition associated with the gene–gene interactions between the APOE gene and the APP and PSEN1 genes in adAD. This study includes mutation carriers (MC) and non-carriers (NC) from adAD families with mutations in APP (n = 28 and n = 25; MC and NC, respectively) and PSEN1 (n = 12 and n = 15; MC and NC, respectively) that represent the complete spectrum of disease: AD dementia (n = 8) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 15 and presymptomatic AD, n = 17). NC represented unimpaired normal aging. There was no significant difference in the distribution of APOE ε4 (absence vs. presence) between the APP vs. PSEN1 adAD genes and mutation status (MC vs. NC). However, episodic memory was significantly affected by the interaction between APOE and the APP vs. PSEN1 genes in MC. This was explained by favorable performance in the absence of APOE ε4 in PSEN1 compared to APP MC. Similar trends were seen in other cognitive functions. No significant associations between APOE ε4 and cognitive performance were obtained in NC. In conclusion, cognitive effects of APOE–adAD gene interaction were differentiated between the PSEN1 and APP mutation carriers, indicating epistasis.

  • 6. Andersson, Christina
    et al.
    Stenfors, Cecilia U. D.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om äldre och åldrande (ARC), (tills m KI). Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Biologisk psykologi.
    Lilliengren, Peter
    Einhorn, Stefan
    Osika, Walter
    Benevolence - Associations With Stress, Mental Health, and Self-Compassion at the Workplace2021Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 12, artikel-id 568625Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Benevolence is an emerging concept in motivation theory and research as well as in on pro-social behavior, which has stimulated increasing interest in studying factors that impair or facilitate benevolence and effects thereof. This exploratory study examines the associations between benevolence, stress, mental health, self-compassion, and satisfaction with life in two workplace samples.

    Methods: In the first study n = 522 (38% = female, median age = 42) participants answered questionnaires regarding self-reported stress symptoms (i.e., emotional exhaustion), depressive symptoms and benevolence. In the second study n = 49 (female = 96%) participants answered questionnaires regarding perceived stress, self-compassion, anxiety, depression symptoms, and benevolence.

    Results: In study 1, measures of emotional exhaustion (r = −0.295) and depression (r = −0.190) were significantly negatively correlated with benevolence. In study 2, benevolence was significantly negatively correlated with stress (r = −0.392) and depression (r = −0.310), whereas self-compassion (0.401) was significantly positively correlated with benevolence. While correlations were in expected directions, benevolence was not significantly associated with Satisfaction with Life (r = 0.148) or anxiety (r = −0.199) in study 2.

    Conclusion: Self-assessed benevolence is associated with levels of perceived stress, exhaustion, depression, and self-compassion. Future studies are warranted on how benevolence is related to stress and mental ill health such as depression and anxiety, and if benevolence can be trained in order to decrease stress and mental ill health such as depression and anxiety in workplace settings.

  • 7. Andersson, Claes
    et al.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Lindfors, Petra
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Molander, Olof
    Lindner, Philip
    Topooco, Naira
    Engström, Karin
    Berman, Anne H.
    Does the management of personal integrity information lead to differing participation rates and response patterns in mental health surveys with young adults? A three-armed methodological experiment2021Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, ISSN 1049-8931, E-ISSN 1557-0657, Vol. 30, nr 4, artikel-id e1891Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: This study evaluates whether initiation rates, completion rates, response patterns and prevalence of psychiatric conditions differ by level of personal integrity information given to prospective participants in an online mental health self-report survey.

    Methods: A three-arm, parallel-group, single-blind experiment was conducted among students from two Swedish universities. Consenting participants following e-mail invitation answered the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health-International College Student (WMH-ICS) mental health self-report survey, screening for eight psychiatric conditions. Random allocation meant consenting to respond (1) anonymously; (2) confidentially, or (3) confidentially, where the respondent also gave consent for collection of register data.

    Results: No evidence was found for overall between-group differences with respect to (1) pressing a hyperlink to the survey in the invitation email; and (2) abandoning the questionnaire before completion. However, participation consent and self-reported depression were in the direction of higher levels for the anonymous group compared to the two confidential groups.

    Conclusions: Consent to participate is marginally affected by different levels of personal integrity information. Current standard participant information procedures may not engage participants to read the information thoroughly, and online self-report mental health surveys may reduce stigma and thus be less subject to social desirability bias.

  • 8. Andersson, Claes
    et al.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Molander, Olof
    Granlund, Lilian
    Topooco, Naira
    Engström, Karin
    Lindfors, Petra
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Associations between compliance with covid-19 public health recommendations and perceived contagion in others: a self-report study in Swedish university students2021Ingår i: BMC Research Notes, E-ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 14, nr 1, artikel-id 429Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: During the COVID pandemic, government authorities worldwide have tried to limit the spread of the virus. Sweden's distinctive feature was the use of voluntary public health recommendations. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this strategy. Based on data collected in the spring of 2020, this study explored associations between compliance with recommendations and observed symptoms of contagion in others, using self-report data from university students.

    Results: Compliance with recommendations ranged between 69.7 and 95.7 percent. Observations of moderate symptoms of contagion in Someone else I have had contact with and Another person were markedly associated with reported self-quarantine, which is the most restrictive recommendation, complied with by 81.2% of participants. Uncertainty regarding the incidence and severity of contagion in cohabitants was markedly associated with the recommendation to avoid public transportation, a recommendation being followed by 69.7%. It is concluded that students largely followed the voluntary recommendations implemented in Sweden, suggesting that coercive measures were not necessary. Compliance with recommendations were associated with the symptoms students saw in others, and with the perceived risk of contagion in the student's immediate vicinity. It is recommended that voluntary recommendations should stress personal relevance, and that close relatives are at risk.

  • 9. Andersson, Gerhard
    et al.
    Carlbring, Per
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    Cognitive behavioral therapy delivered using the internet2021Ingår i: Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy, Volume 2: Applications / [ed] Amy Wenzel, American Psychological Association (APA), 2021, s. 607-631Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The internet is no longer something new. It has existed now for a long time and has been part of many peoples' lives for at least 20 years. The internet increasingly informs many aspects of our lives, including the economy, health care, and delivery of psychological treatments. There are many areas in which the internet has had an impact on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This chapter describes challenges when delivering CBT via the internet, comments on assumptions behind treatment programs, and describes the main approaches, outcomes, and potential mechanisms of change. Further, the authors comment on the dissemination of internet-delivered CBT (ICBT), as well as applications for diverse target groups, and possible future developments. Although ICBT may appear as something new, it is almost as old as the internet itself, and the research field is very large, with more than 200 controlled trials.

  • 10. Andersson, Gerhard
    et al.
    Olsson, Elin
    Ringsgård, Emma
    Sandgren, Therese
    Viklund, Ida
    Andersson, Catja
    Hesselman, Ylva
    Johansson, Robert
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    Nordgren, Lise Bergman
    Bohman, Benjamin
    Individually tailored Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for survivors of intimate partner violence: A randomized controlled pilot trial2021Ingår i: Internet Interventions, ISSN 2214-7829, Vol. 26, artikel-id 100453Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern worldwide and defined as behavior performed by spouses or other intimate partners that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm. Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) may be particularly useful for survivors of IPV for several reasons, including barriers pertaining to limited community recourses and treatment availability, safety concerns, and issues of stigma, guilt and shame, which may prevent members of this population from seeking help via face-to-face interactions. However, Internet interventions are lacking. The primary aim of the present randomized controlled pilot trial was to explore the feasibility of ICBT as guided self-help individually tailored to the predominant symptomatology of PTSD or depression in survivors of IPV. A second aim was to conduct a preliminary evaluation exploring the short- and long-term effects of the treatment in comparison to a waitlist control condition. Results showed that the treatment was feasible. Attrition rate was low (9.4%), and participants were satisfied with treatment. However, treatment adherence was moderate in terms of completed modules (62.5%). Results of the preliminary evaluation of treatment effects showed large and statistically significant between-group effect sizes (Cohen's d = 0.86–1.08) on some measures of PTSD and depression at post assessment, favoring the treatment condition. However, there were no effects on other measures. At follow-up assessment, when the control condition had received delayed treatment, there were large and statistically significant within-group effect sizes (d = 0.96–1.48) on measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety, and small effects (d = 0.48) on a measure of quality of life. The results of the present pilot study are promising and warrant further research on ICBT for this population.

  • 11.
    Andreasson, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Macquarie University, Australia.
    Axelsson, John
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Bosch, Jos A.
    Balter, Leonie J. T.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Poor sleep quality is associated with worse self-rated health in long sleep duration but not short sleep duration2021Ingår i: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 88, s. 262-266Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Unhealthy sleep duration, either short or long, is associated with worse health and central subjective dimensions of sleep and health such as fatigue. It has been argued that the link between sleep duration and health may depend on the quality of the slept hours, and on its functional impact (ie, fatigue). The present study therefore assessed whether the relationship between last night's sleep duration and general self-rated health (SRH) differs as a function of sleep quality, and secondly, whether current fatigue and sleep quality are factors linking sleep duration and SRH. The present cross-sectional dataset involved 1304 individuals (57% female, M age = 28.8, range 18-79). Participants completed surveys for general SRH, previous night's sleep duration and sleep quality, and current fatigue. Results showed the expected inverted U-shaped (ie, quadratic) relation between last night's sleep duration and SRH and a linear relation between last night's sleep quality and SRH. However, long sleep duration was only associated with poorer SRH in individuals who also reported poor sleep quality. Further, the quadratic relationship between sleep duration and SRH was partially mediated by fatigue and sleep quality. The results of this multi-study analysis suggest that SRH is particularly poor in those who slept both long and with poor quality the night before, while good sleep quality may protect those with a long sleep duration from poor SRH. Thus, last night's long sleep does not seem to be associated with poor subjective health unless it is coupled with poor sleep quality. Furthermore, fatigue and sleep quality are potential pathways linking short and long sleep duration with SRH. Different dimensions of sleep interact in their association with health, and future research will benefit from an integrative approach. 

  • 12.
    Andreasson, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Macquarie University, Australia; Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Talley, Nicholas J.
    Walker, Marjorie M.
    Jones, Michael P.
    Platts, Loretta G.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Wallner, Bengt
    Kjellström, Lars
    Hellström, Per M.
    Forsberg, Anna
    Agréus, Lars
    An Increasing Incidence of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Over 23 Years: A Prospective Population-Based Study in Sweden2021Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0002-9270, E-ISSN 1572-0241, Vol. 116, nr 1, s. 210-213Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that the prevalence of functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the community may be increasing.

    METHODS: Randomly selected adults were surveyed on 4 occasions: 1988 (n = 1,151, 21–79 years, response rate [rr] = 90%), 1989 (n = 1,097, 22–80 years, rr = 87%), 1995 (n = 1,139, 20–85 years, rr = 76%), and 2011 (n = 1,175, 20–93 years, rr = 63%).

    RESULTS: In functional dyspepsia, the odds of postprandial distress syndrome tripled over 23 years' follow-up (odds ratio [OR]: 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.60–4.84, mixed-effect regression analysis), whereas a small decrease in epigastric pain syndrome was observed (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42–1.00). The odds of reporting gastroesophageal reflux disease doubled (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.50–2.73).

    DISCUSSION: The underlying mechanisms behind the increase in postprandial distress syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease remain to be determined.

  • 13.
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Hagberg, J.
    Björklund, Christina
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    Marklund, S.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism2021Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 94, nr 3, s. 409-418Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution.

    Methods: The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and “work to family conflict” on sickness presence and absence.

    Results: The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research.

    Conclusion: The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.

  • 14.
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Helgesson, Magnus
    The changing nature of work - Job strain, job support and sickness absence among care workers and in other occupations in Sweden 1991-20132021Ingår i: SSM - Population Health, ISSN 2352-8273, Vol. 15, artikel-id 100893Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examined exposure changes in three psychosocial dimensions - job demands, job control, and social support - and the associations between these dimensions and sickness absence throughout the period 1991-2013. The analyses covered periods of economic ups and downs in Sweden and periods involving major fluctuations in sickness absence. Data on care workers (n = 16,179) and a comparison group of employees in other occupations (n = 82,070) were derived from the biennial Swedish Work Environment Survey and linked to register data on sickness absence. Eight exposure profiles, based on combinations of demands, control, and support, were formed. The proportion of individuals with work profiles involving high demands doubled among care workers (14%-29%) while increasing modestly in the comparison group (17%-21%) 1991-2013. The work profile that isolated high-strain (iso-strain), i.e., high demands, low control, and low social support, was more prevalent among care workers, from 4% in 1991 to 11% in 2013. Individuals with work profiles involving highdemand jobs had the highest number of days on sickness absence during the study period and those with the isostrain work profile had the highest increase in sickness absence, from 15 days per year during 1993-1994, to 42 days during 2000-2002. Employees with a passive work profile (low job demands and low job control) had the lowest rate and the lowest increase in sickness absence. Individuals with active work profiles, where high demands are supposed to be balanced by high job control, had a rather high increase in sickness days around 2000. A conclusion is that there is a long-term trend towards jobs with high demands. This trend is stronger among care workers than among other occupations. These levels of job demands seem to be at such a level that it is difficult to compensate for with higher job control and social support.

  • 15. Arshamian, Artin
    et al.
    Sundelin, Tina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Wnuk, Ewelina
    O'Meara, Carolyn
    Burenhult, Niclas
    Garrido Rodriguez, Gabriela
    Lekander, Mats
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Olsson, Mats J.
    Lasselin, Julie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Axelsson, John
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Majid, Asifa
    Human sickness detection is not dependent on cultural experience2021Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 288, nr 1954, artikel-id 20210922Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Animals across phyla can detect early cues of infection in conspecifics, thereby reducing the risk of contamination. It is unknown, however, if humans can detect cues of sickness in people belonging to communities with whom they have limited or no experience. To test this, we presented Western faces photographed 2 h after the experimental induction of an acute immune response to one Western and five non-Western communities, including small-scale hunter-gatherer and large urban-dwelling communities. All communities could detect sick individuals. There were group differences in performance but Western participants, who observed faces from their own community, were not systematically better than all non-Western participants. At odds with the common belief that sickness detection of an out-group member should be biased to err on the side of caution, the majority of non-Western communities were unbiased. Our results show that subtle cues of a general immune response are recognized across cultures and may aid in detecting infectious threats.

  • 16.
    Arvidsson, Caroline
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, Institutionen för lingvistik.
    Pagmar, David
    Stockholms universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, Institutionen för lingvistik.
    Uddén, Julia
    Stockholms universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, Institutionen för lingvistik. Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Biologisk psykologi.
    Audience design and frame of reference in adolescents' reference production2021Ingår i: Abstracts: 17th International Pragmatics Conference, Winterthur, 27 June – 2 July, 2021, 2021, s. 1519-1519Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    When participating in dialogue, speakers design their utterances to accommodate the individual needs of listeners (Bentz, et al., in prep). This feature is known as audience design (Clark & Murphy, 1982). Although audience design is central to conventional conversation, it is not known at which age speakers begin taking into account the world knowledge/frame of reference of their interlocutors. Indications from recent studies suggest that albeit preschool and first grade children engage in basic forms of perspective taking (Nadig & Sedivy, 2002), they fail to adapt their utterances in accordance with listener-specific needs in reference production (Pagmar, et al., in prep). Adult participants do however adapt their utterances, and individual differences in the adult population were not dependent on cognitive control function (Bentz, et al., in prep). The dependence on cognitive control function, e.g. switching, may be hypothesized to be greater in children. The current study aims to test the referential production of two age groups; early and mid adolescents (11;0-12;11 and 15;0-16;11), with the purpose of tracing the development of the ability to use information regarding listener-perspective during on-line referential production, and test its relation to cognitive control. The paradigm builds further on the well-established Director’s task but does not require the participants to take the visual perspective of the listener. Instead, participants are presented with a set of pictures portraying referents well-known to them, e.g. popular cartoon characters, hosts of children’s tv-shows, etc. Knowledge of the referents are controlled through post-test surveys. Furthermore, they are asked to direct listeners of two distinct groups, small children and elders, into choosing the target referent. Participants who take the frame of reference of addressees into consideration are expected to adopt different strategies when addressing the different groups, i.e., increase informativeness when denoting referents assumed to be unknown to the listener vs using less informative referential expressions (such as proper names) when denoting referents judged to be known to the listener. Cognitive control/executive function is assessed using the Wisconsin card sorting task. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive costs of switching strategies and the Gricean maxim of quantity.

  • 17.
    Astvik, Wanja
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Welander, Jonas
    Hellgren, Johnny
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    A comparative study of how social workers' voice and silence strategies relate to organisational resources, attitudes and well-being at work2021Ingår i: Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1468-0173, E-ISSN 1741-296X, Vol. 21, nr 2, s. 206-224Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study sets out to investigate the potential differences between social workers using voice- or silence strategies in their experience of organisational resources, attitudes and health, and whether social workers moving between strategies (voice or silence) over time have a different experience of the same outcomes than those who stay with the same strategy group. The participating social workers (n = 1356) responded to two web-based questionnaires over a one-year period. Findings The results show that voice strategies are related to the experience of more positive organisational resources, more positive attitudes (greater job satisfaction and organisational commitment, but lower intention to exit) and more positive health (greater recovery, but less emotional exhaustion and stress symptoms) than those using silence strategies. The results also show that moving from silence to voice is related to the experience of increased organisational resources, more positive attitudes and more positive health at T2, while those moving from voice to silence reported the opposite. Applications The longitudinal approach applied in this study adds empirical evidence of the relationship between voice/silence and work-related attitudes, as well as health and well-being. The close relationship between organisational resources, employee voice behaviour and related individual outcomes regarding attitudes and health imply that Human Resources (HR) management has a lot to gain by developing and securing a voice-friendly and considerate climate in their organisations.

  • 18. Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    et al.
    Tepe, Beyza
    Nurcan, Elif
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    How prosocial behavior turns bad into good: An examination among Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents2021Ingår i: Current Psychology, ISSN 1046-1310, E-ISSN 1936-4733, Vol. 40, nr 8, s. 3986-3996Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Building on the Altruism Born of Suffering (ABS) Hypothesis, the present research tests the mediator role of prosocial behavior on the link between perceived personal discrimination and several psychological well-being outcomes in a sample of Turkish-Bulgarian minority youth. We argue that perceived personal discrimination is linked to prosocial behavior, which in turn alleviates discriminations' detrimental effects on life satisfaction, self-esteem, negative affect and loneliness. Results revealed that prosocial behavior partially mediated the link between perceived personal discrimination and life satisfaction, perceived personal discrimination and self-esteem, and perceived personal discrimination and loneliness, while no mediating effect was found for negative affect. Our research contributes to the existing literature on minority youth dealing with discrimination, and proposes prosocial behavior to be a mechanism of resilient functioning against the maladaptive effects of perceived personal discrimination.

  • 19.
    Azad, Azade
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Svärd, Veronica
    Patients' with Multimorbidity and Psychosocial Difficulties and Their Views on Important Professional Competence for Rehabilitation Coordinators in the Return-to-Work Process2021Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 18, nr 19, artikel-id 10280Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Coordinators may play a key role during the return-to-work (RTW) process for people on sickness absence. There are still few studies on the newly implemented rehabilitation coordinators (RECO) within Swedish healthcare, and none focus on their competence. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with multimorbidity and psychosocial difficulties describe the professional competence of the RECO they encountered during their RTW process. The study takes a relational and practical approach in defining professional competence, including both what professionals do and what they possess. Interviews with 12 people with multimorbidity and psychosocial difficulties who had encountered a RECO during their RTW process were analysed using thematic analysis. Six different themes were found: communicative and coordinating skills; advisory and guidance skills; engagement and advocacy skills; being persistent and flexible; being empathic and therapeutic; being professional and trustworthy. Most of these are found in research on RTW coordinators, but being persistent, and having advisory, guidance, advocacy and therapeutic skills have not been recognised as important competences previously. This study adds patients' views on important professional competence that support the RTW process, which should be regarded in further developments of RECOs' functions and their competence descriptions.

  • 20.
    Azad, Azadé
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen.
    Sernbo, Elisabet
    Svärd, Veronica
    Holmlund, Lisa
    Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth
    Conducting In-Depth Interviews via Mobile Phone with Persons with Common Mental Disorders and Multimorbidity: The Challenges and Advantages as Experienced by Participants and Researchers2021Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 18, nr 22, artikel-id 11828Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Qualitative interviews are generally conducted in person. As the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) prevents in-person interviews, methodological studies which investigate the use of the telephone for persons with different illness experiences are needed. The aim was to explore experiences of the use of telephone during semi-structured research interviews, from the perspective of participants and researchers. Data were collected from mobile phone interviews with 32 individuals who had common mental disorders or multimorbidity which were analyzed thematically, as well as field notes reflecting researchers' experiences. The findings reveal several advantages of conducting interviews using mobile phones: flexibility, balanced anonymity and power relations, as well as a positive effect on self-disclosure and emotional display (leading to less emotional work and social responsibility). Challenges included the loss of human encounter, intense listening, and worries about technology, as well as sounds or disturbances in the environment. However, the positive aspects of not seeing each other were regarded as more important. In addition, we present some strategies before, during, and after conducting telephone interviews. Telephone interviews can be a valuable first option for data collection, allowing more individuals to be given a fair opportunity to share their experiences.

  • 21. Bacro, Fabien
    et al.
    Forslund, Tommie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi. SUF Resource Center, Region Uppsala, Sweden.
    Granqvist, Pehr
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Children’s Multiple Attachment Relationships and Representations in Different Family Contexts2021Ingår i: Attachment Theory and Research: A Reader / [ed] Tommie Forslund; Robbie Duschinsky, Wiley-Blackwell, 2021, s. 228-239Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
  • 22. Balieiro, Laura Cristina Tibiletti
    et al.
    Gontijo, Cristiana Araújo
    Marot, Luisa Pereira
    Teixeira, Gabriela Pereira
    Fahmy, Walid Makin
    de Castro Moreno, Claudia Roberta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. University of São Paulo, Brazil.
    Maia, Yara Cristina de Paiva
    Crispim, Cibele Aparecida
    Circadian misalignment measured by social jetlag from early to late pregnancy and its association with nutritional status: a longitudinal study2021Ingår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 11, nr 1, artikel-id 18678Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A mismatch between circadian and social clocks leads to a circadian misalignment, which has been widely measured by social jetlag (SJL). There are several studies measuring SJL, but it has not been studied in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the occurrence of SJL throughout pregnancy and to verify whether there is an effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on SJL throughout pregnancy. The baseline of the present study was conducted with 205 1st trimester pregnant women of whom 100 were followed in their 2nd and 3rd trimester. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on workdays versus work-free days. The pre-pregnancy BMI and current BMI (kg/m2) were calculated. Linear regression and Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) adjusted for confounders were used to determine the association between SJL and the gestational trimesters (time), and anthropometric variables. Most of the pregnant women (54.5%) presented SJL > 1 h in the first gestational trimester. We also found an isolated effect of the gestation trimester on the SJL mean. In this sense, pregnant women had a decrease in SJL from the second to the third trimester (1.33 ± 0.08 versus 1.12 ± 0.07, respectively; p = 0.012). GEE analyzes showed that pregnant women of a normal weight showed a decrease in SJL from the second to the third trimester (1.29 ± 0.11 and 0.93 ± 0.08, respectively, p = 0.032), but this was not found in the other groups of nutritional status (underweight, overweight and obesity). In addition, a positive association between SJL and pre-gestational BMI in the third trimester (β = 0.200, p = 0.046) was found. SJL is quite prevalent during the gestational period and excessive BMI both before and during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of having SJL > 1 h in the third and second trimesters, respectively. In addition, pregnant women of normal weight—but not underweight or overweight—had decreased SJL from the second to the third trimester.

  • 23.
    Balter, Leonie J. T.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Raymond, Jane E.
    Aldred, Sarah
    Higgs, Suzanne
    Bosch, Jos A.
    Age, BMI, and inflammation: Associations with emotion recognition2021Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, E-ISSN 1873-507X, Vol. 232, artikel-id 113324Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Experimental studies show that inflammation impairs the ability to interpret the mental state of another person, denoted theory of mind (ToM). The current study attempted a conceptual replication in states associated with elevated low-grade inflammation, i.e., high body weight and advanced age. Ninety young (M = 26.3 years, SD = 4.1) or older (M = 70.7 years, SD = 4.0) participants with either a normal body mass index (BMI) (M = 22.4, SD = 2.2) or high BMI (M = 33.1, SD = 3.8) completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) to assess emotion recognition. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was measured to index low-grade inflammation. As anticipated, elevated IL-6 levels were found with higher BMI, although not with increased age. IL-6 was associated with poorer task performance, independent of potential demographic and health confounders (e.g., sex, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, presence of medical conditions, and medication intake). Analyses also revealed an interaction whereby young individuals with a high BMI showed worse RMET performance compared to their normal BMI counterparts, whereas the opposite pattern was found in older individuals. The present observational study replicated experimental results showing that elevated low-grade inflammation is correlated with a lower ability to infer the mental states of others. These findings suggest that also naturalistic conditions of (protracted) low-grade inflammation may alter emotion recognition.

  • 24.
    Balter, Leonie J. T.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Sundelin, Tina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Axelsson, John
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Sickness and sleep health predict frustration and affective responses to a frustrating trigger2021Ingår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 11, nr 1, artikel-id 1542Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Fluctuations in health and sleep are common, but we know surprisingly little about how these daily life stressors affect one's level of frustration and sensitivity to becoming frustrated. In this pre-registered study, 517 participants (Mage = 30.4, SD = 10.4) reported their current sickness symptoms, health status, sleepiness, and sleep duration and quality the previous night. They also rated their general frustration and mood before and after a mild frustration-eliciting task. In the task, participants were instructed to copy geometric shapes onto a piece of paper, without lifting the pen from the paper. Participants were given three minutes to copy the eight shapes, but in order to induce frustration half of them were unsolvable. The study was subsequently repeated in an independent sample (N = 113). Frustration increased in response to the task; however, those with the worst sickness symptoms or sleep health reduced or did not change their frustration levels. Instead, across both studies, frustration was already high at baseline for these individuals. These findings indicate that being sick or having poor sleep is related to high general frustration, but resilience to further frustration due to mild frustrating situations.

  • 25.
    Balter, Leonie J. T.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Wiwe Lipsker, Camilla
    Wicksell, Rikard K.
    Lekander, Mats
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Pediatric Chronic Pain and Outcome of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy2021Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 12, artikel-id 576943Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Considerable heterogeneity among pediatric chronic pain patients may at least partially explain the variability seen in the response to behavioral therapies. The current study tested whether autistic traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with chronic pain are associated with socioemotional and functional impairments and response to acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) treatment, which has increased psychological flexibility as its core target for coping with pain and pain-related distress. Children and adolescents aged 8-18 years (N = 47) were recruited. Patients and their parents completed questionnaires pre- and post-ACT of 17 sessions. Correlational analyses and mixed-effects models were used to assess the role of autistic traits and ADHD symptoms in pretreatment functioning and ACT-treatment response. Outcome variables were degree to which pain interfered with daily activities (i.e., pain interference, sleep, and physical and school functioning), socioemotional functioning (i.e., depressive symptoms, emotional, and social functioning), psychological inflexibility, and pain intensity. Autistic traits and ADHD symptoms, pain frequency, and pain duration were measured at pretreatment only. Higher autistic traits were associated with greater pain interference, higher depression, and greater psychological inflexibility. Higher ADHD symptomatology was associated with greater pretreatment pain interference, lower emotional functioning, greater depression, and longer duration of pain. Across patients, all outcome variables, except for sleep disturbances and school functioning, significantly improved from pre- to post-ACT. Higher autistic traits were associated with greater pre- to post-ACT improvements in emotional functioning and sleep disturbance and non-significant improvements in pain interference. ADHD symptomatology was not associated with treatment outcome. The current results showed that neuropsychiatric symptoms in pediatric chronic pain patients are associated with lower functioning, particularly pain interfering with daily life and lower socioemotional functioning. The results suggest that not only pediatric chronic pain patients low in neuropsychiatric symptoms may benefit from ACT, but also those high in autism traits and ADHD symptoms. With the present results in mind, pediatric chronic pain patients higher in autistic traits may actually derive extra benefit from ACT. Future research could assess whether increased psychological flexibility, the core focus of ACT, enabled those higher in autism traits to cope relatively better with pain-related distress and thus to gain more from the treatment, as compared to those lower in autism traits. Moreover, to address specific effects of ACT, inclusion of an appropriate control group is key.

  • 26. Bandelow, Borwin
    et al.
    Hau, StephanStockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angststörungen: Version 22021Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 27.
    Baraldi, Erika
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Specialpedagogiska institutionen.
    Allodi, Mara
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Specialpedagogiska institutionen.
    Löwing, Kristina
    Smedler, Ann-Charlotte
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    Westrup, Björn
    Ådén, Ulrika
    Early intervention program of extreme preterm born infants, status report three years into the project2021Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Children born extremely preterm (e.g. before 28 gestational weeks, EPT) runs a greater risk of cognitive, motor and neurobehavioral impairment later in life, compared to children born at term. Moreover, being a parent of an EPT born child increases the probability of developing depression and posttraumatic stress disorder post-partum, as well as the premature birth may affect the parent-child interaction negatively. In an attempt to decrease the psychological and motoric negative impact of both the child and parents, our multi-professional team has developed an early intervention during the first year at home focusing om parent-child interaction of the EPT born children: Stockholm Preterm Interaction-Based Intervention, SPIBI (Baraldi et al., 2020a). The target of the RCT is 130 children and after 32 months 112 children has been included in the study, evenly distributed in the intervention group and control group. At children’s corrected age of one-year, parents from 14 of the first included families were interviewed about their experiences from the intervention program, resulting in a qualitative article. Three main themes of parental experiences of the first year at home emerged: child-related concerns (concerning child medical state, self-regulation and recovery), parental inner state (concerning loneliness, ambivalence and premature parental identity), and changed family dynamics (concerning the couple, siblings and intergenerational support). The parents from the  intervention group reported that the intervention had given them security, a sense that the interventionist has been knowledgeable and in some cases that the program was important but not necessary to them (Baraldi et al., 2020b). With 85% of the targeted subjects included it is clear that an extensive early home-visit intervention program is feasible in the Swedish context, even though the pandemic has slowed down the recruitment pace and has forced adjustments to be made such as the use of telemedicine, exclusion of toys in the follow-up process and intensified hygienic procedures.

  • 28. Berg, Hanna
    et al.
    Lindström, Annika
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden.
    Online product size perceptions: Examining liquid volume size perceptions based on online product pictures2021Ingår i: Journal of Business Research, ISSN 0148-2963, E-ISSN 1873-7978, Vol. 122, s. 192-203Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines consumers' liquid volume size perceptions based on standardized product pictures in online stores. Four empirical studies compare liquid volume size perceptions for the same products when displayed online and offline. The findings indicate that size perceptions require more effort online than they do offline and that the online display decreases the accuracy of the size perceptions. Online size perceptions require more effort in terms of time and visual attention, as consumers need to study product labels to determine product sizes. The study also introduces a new visual bias to consumer research: the familiar size bias. A consideration of this bias reveals that consumer size perceptions are less accurate online, where consumers tend to overestimate the sizes of small products and underestimate the sizes of large products.

  • 29.
    Bergman, David
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Försvarshögskolan, Stockholm.
    Why jump out of a perfectly good airplane?: Parachute training, self-efficacy and leading in combat2021Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Training military officers to lead in combat has always presented a training paradox: it is impossible to expose individuals to the inherent strains and dangers of real combat, but combat is where they are supposed to lead, making those demands normative for training. To overcome this paradox, the military uses training courses where stress is as realistic as possible within ethical limits. One frequent example of such a course is parachute training. Completing one demanding task (parachuting) can also increase the individual’s belief that other tasks with equal or even greater difficulty (leading in combat) can be overcome similarly. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether and how military parachute training can function as a method for leadership development. The purpose of Study I was to investigate whether military parachute training was associated with an increase in leadership self-efficacy. The results show that parachute training increased leader self-control efficacy when compared to the different training of a group of cadets. In addition, the training given contributed to increased leader assertiveness efficacy for both groups. The purpose of Study II was to investigate whether the inability to complete training was associated with any direct and sustained effects. The results show that there were no differences between those who completed training and those who did not. Regarding outcome, leader self-control efficacy decreased significantly for those who were unable to complete training when compared to those who did. The purpose of Study III was to examine how the two sub-domains of leadership self-efficacy examined in the first two studies were associated with leadership behaviors, specifically those described in the developmental leadership model. The results show that leader assertiveness efficacy was the best predictor to the dimensions of developmental leadership. Leader self-control efficacy seems to be more related to functioning within an extreme context. Overall, the thesis indicates that parachute training can help to prepare future military leaders to lead in combat. The results imply that the effects of parachute training are indirect rather than directly associated to leadership and that ability to remain composure in extreme situations in turn enables individual behaviors, including leadership. The thesis also contributes insight into the process of how personal beliefs can be transferred or generalized across different areas or domains in a person’s life. The results are also relevant for other professions that routinely work in extreme contexts. 

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  • 30.
    Bergman, David
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi. Swedish Defence University, Sweden.
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Berntson, Erik
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    From believing to doing: The association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model2021Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 12, artikel-id 669905Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model. The purpose is to better understand how leadership training transfers to facets of developmental leadership. This was tested in a cross-sectional design with military commanders in the Swedish armed forces. The results show that the sub-domain of leader self-control efficacy (the cognitive and emotional ability to remain composure) did predict developmental leadership in only one dimension of being an exemplary model, but that leader assertiveness efficacy (the ability to make rational decisions) predicted the two dimensions of exemplary model and inspiration & motivation in developmental leadership. One possibility is that leader self-control efficacy can be what enables the individual to function within an extreme context, but leader assertiveness efficacy can be what most determine the leadership performance within that context. The possibility for mediatory analyses in further research is discussed.

  • 31.
    Bergman, Louise E.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Bujacz, Aleksandra
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Toivanen, Susanna
    Comparing Depressive Symptoms, Emotional Exhaustion, and Sleep Disturbances in Self-Employed and Employed Workers: Application of Approximate Bayesian Measurement Invariance2021Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 11, artikel-id 598303Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies investigating differences in mental health problems between self-employed and employed workers have provided contradictory results. Many of the studies utilized scales validated for employed workers, without collecting validity evidence for making comparisons with self-employed. The aim of this study was (1) to collect validity evidence for three different scales assessing depressive symptoms, emotional exhaustion, and sleep disturbances for employed workers, and combinators; and (2) to test if these groups differed. We first conducted approximate measurement invariance analysis and found that all scales were invariant at the scalar level. Self-employed workers had least mental health problems and employed workers had most, but differences were small. Though we found the scales invariant, we do not find them optimal for comparison of means. To be more precise in describing differences between groups, we recommend using clinical cut-offs or scales developed with the specific purpose of assessing mental health problems at work.

  • 32. Berman, Anne H
    et al.
    Andersson, Claes
    Lindner, Philip
    Engström, Karin
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Lindfors, Petra
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    National assessment and e-health interventions for mental health problems among university students: Swedish partnership in the WHO-World Mental Health International College Student (WHM- ICS) consortium2021Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine : official journal of the International Society of Behavioral Medicine: (2021) 28 (Suppl 1):S1–S212, Springer Nature, 2021, Vol. 28:S1, s. S101-S101Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The life transition between late adolescence and emerg- ing adulthood is often troubled, with one in three university students showing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Help-seeking behavior is low due to emotional and practical barriers, generating a treatment gap. The purpose of this project is to map Swedish university stu- dents’ mental health problems and deliver e-health interventions to those at risk, thus reducing the treatment gap. The project is the first in a Swedish partnership with the WHO WMH-ICS 20-country international consortium.

    Methods: The project is organized in four work packages (WPs) over four years, beginning in 2020. An annual epidemiological survey targeting first-year students will map mental health problems and disor- ders, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors (WP1), and annual follow-up surveys will track participants’ developmental trajectories in terms of persisting problems and help-seeking behavior (WP2). Students identified as at-risk will be offered participation in a three-arm random- ized controlled trial (RCT), delivering guided or unguided transdiagnostic e-treatment, or treatment as usual in a control group (WP3). At 5-week follow-up, participants at higher risk of failing treatment according to a precision treatment algorithm will be randomized to personally adapted e- treatment or continued WP3 treatment in a secondary trial-within-trial (WP4). WP1 will begin in the spring of 2020 with a pilot survey at selected Swedish universities

    Results: We anticipate being able to present preliminary pilot survey results.Conclusions and implications: We envisage high potential for reducing mental health problems among Swedish university students, improving academic performance and reducing dropout.

  • 33.
    Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Arbets- och organisationspsykologi.
    Hur kan anställningsformer och anställningsotrygghet idagens arbetsliv beskrivas och undersökas?2021Ingår i: Konferensbok FALF 14-16 juni 2021, 2021, s. 22-22Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Hur är det att arbeta i ett anställningskontrakt som avviker från det som länge har varit normen, nämligen en fast anställning på heltid? I takt med att organisationens behov för flexibilitet och effektivitet har ökat har även en rad alternativa anställningsformer skapats på dagens arbetsmarknad. Det kan t ex handla om visstidsanställningar eller anställningar som vikarie. Det kan vara anställningar som inte garanterar ett visst antal timmar, s k nolltimmeskontrakt. Det kan vara konsultuppdrag, anställningar via bemanningsföretag eller gigs som förmedlas via appar på internet. Dessa anställningsformer kan karakteriseras på olika sätt och de kopplar i olika hög grad till upplevelser av otrygghet sett till vissa innehåll i ett arbete, anställningen som helhet, men även möjligheterna att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. Osäkerheten kan också ligga i hur man kan skapa en yrkeskarriär, få ekonomisk trygghet eller tillgång till välfärds- och försäkringssystemet.

    Syfte: Syfte med föreliggande presentation är att karakterisera de olika typer av anställningsformer på ett systematiskt sätt, och att diskutera huruvida dessa är förknippade med olika otrygghetsupplevelser. Ett tredje syfte med presentationen är att belysa hur man som forskare bäst kan undersöka hur anställningsformer och (o)trygghetsupplevelser skiljer sig åt mellan olika människor på arbetsmarknaden. Detta är särskilt viktigt då tidigare forskning har visat att den upplevda otryggheten i en anställning är kopplad till en rad negativa konsekvenser för individen och organisationen.

    Metod: För att få en överblick över de senaste förändringar som rör olika typer av anställningar i Sverige lästes forskningsrapporter och rapporter från myndigheter. Olika fackförbund och en expert i arbetslagstiftningen konsulterades. Genom systematisk litteratursökning identifierades tidigare undersökningar i Sverige och utomlands som analyserade hur olika anställningsvillkoren kan se ut, hur de har klassificerats och vad de betyder för upplevelsen av anställningsotrygghet och andra former av otrygghet.

    Resultat: En systematisk överblick över likheter och skillnader mellan olika anställningsformer presenteras. Nya sätt att arbeta via plattformsarbete eller i egenanställning belyses i detalj. En sammanfattande överblick över kopplingen till olika former av otrygghetsupplevelser ges. Detta leder till slutsatser kring hur forskningsstudiers enkät- och mätverktyg behöver vara utformade för att kunna kartlägga de olikartade anställningsförhållanden som människor i dagens arbetsmarknad kan ha. Avslutningsvis diskuteras utmaningarna för att mäta den upplevda otryggheten som relaterar till dessa olika anställningsformer.

  • 34. Berthelsen, Hanne
    et al.
    Owen, Mikaela
    Westerlund, Hugo
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Does workplace social capital predict care quality through job satisfaction and stress at the clinic? A prospective study2021Ingår i: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 21, nr 1, artikel-id 1320Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Welfare societies like Sweden face challenges in balancing the budget while meeting the demand for good quality healthcare. The aim of this study was to analyse whether care quality, operationalized as survival of dental fillings, is predicted by workplace social capital and if this effect is direct or indirect (through stress and/or job satisfaction among staff at the clinic), controlling for patient demographics.

    Methods: The prospective design includes A) work environment data from surveys of 75 general public dental clinics (aggregated data based on 872 individual ratings), and B) register-based survival of 9381dental fillings performed during a 3-month period around the time of the survey, and C) patient demographics (age, gender, income level and birth place). Using a multi-level discrete-time proportional hazard model, we tested whether clinic-level social capital, stress, and job satisfaction could predict tooth-level filling failure, controlling for patient demographics. One direct and two indirect pathways, moderated by filling tooth, location, and filling type, were tested.

    Results: High workplace social capital reduced the risk of early failure of fillings in molar teeth, mediated by group-perceived job satisfaction (indirect path: OR=0.93, p<.05, direct path from job satisfaction: OR=0.89, p<.05). Contrary to expectations, we found no support for a direct effect from social capital on care quality or for the indirect pathway via stress at the clinic level.

    Conclusions: Workplace social capital boosted the quality of dental fillings through increased levels of job satisfaction. In addition, staff at clinics with higher social capital reported less stress and higher levels of job satisfaction. These results indicate that promotion of social capital may improve both occupational health and care quality.

  • 35. Bi, Yu-Han
    et al.
    Pei, Jin-Jing
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Hao, Changfu
    Yao, Wu
    Wang, Hui-Xin
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    The relationship between chronic diseases and depression in middle-aged and older adults: A 4-year follow-up study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.2021Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders, ISSN 0165-0327, E-ISSN 1573-2517, Vol. 289, s. 160-166Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Evidence of the association between common chronic diseases and depression is sparse.

    Methods: Totally 7819 participants aged 45+ without depression at baseline were followed-up (2011-2015) to detect incident depression. Chronic diseases and depression were defined by self-reported diagnosis and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10), respectively. Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the association between chronic diseases and depression adjusting for age, gender, education, marital/living conditions, area, smoking, drinking, economic status, BMI and health insurance.

    Results: During an average of 3.42 years follow-up, 2271 participants developed depression (85 per 1000 person-year). Chronic diseases were related to significantly higher risk of depression (HR = 1.38). A higher risk of depression was also associated with specific diseases: stomach/other digestive diseases (HR = 1.19), diabetes (HR = 1.22), arthritis/rheumatism (HR = 1.30), and kidney diseases (HR = 1.34) (P < 0.05). The risk of depression increased with increasing in the number of chronic diseases (1: HR = 1.27, 2: HR = 1.49, and 3+: HR = 1.51, P-trend < 0.001). No significant difference was observed across age, gender, education, and area.

    Limitations: Chronic diseases and depression were based on self-reported diagnosis and measurement scale, respectively, which could lead to information bias. Some unmeasured confounders might have biased the results.

    Conclusions: The occurrence of depression in people aged 45+ is associated with number of chronic diseases in a dose-response fashion. These results may provide guidance on preventing depression and improving the quality of life in middle and late adulthood.

  • 36. Björkenstam, Emma
    et al.
    Helgesson, Magnus
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Virtanen, Marianna
    Magnusson Hanson, Linda L.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor
    Occupational class and employment sector differences in common mental disorders: a longitudinal Swedish cohort study2021Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 31, nr 4, s. 809-815Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Recent increases in common mental disorders (CMDs) among young adults are of great concern although studies of CMDs in young employees are sparse. This study investigated the independent and interacting effects of sector of employment, occupational class and CMDs. Additionally, associations between type of employment branch and CMDs within each sector were examined.

    Methods This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 665 138 employees, 19–29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Employment sector (i.e. private/public) and occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) were measured in 2009. Risk estimates of CMDs, measured as new prescription of antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a diagnosis of CMDs, between 2010 and 2016, were calculated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using Cox multivariable regression analysis.

    Results Public sector employees (whereof 60% manual workers) had an elevated risk for CMDs compared to private sector employees [adjusted HR: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12–1.16)]. Within each sector, manual workers were at increased risk of CMDs compared to non-manual workers. There was an interaction between sector of employment and occupational class; manual workers in the public sector had the highest CMD risk [adjusted synergy index: 1.51 (95% CI 1.29–1.76)]. The most elevated risk for CMDs was observed in those employed in health and social services and the lowest risk among construction workers.

    Conclusion Sector of employment and occupational class play a role in CMDs in young employees. These findings should be taken into account in the attempts to reduce CMDs in the young working population.

  • 37. Blanken, Tessa F.
    et al.
    Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus
    Sunnhed, Rikard
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    Lancee, Jaap
    Symptom-Specific Effects of Cognitive Therapy and Behavior Therapy for Insomnia: A Network Intervention Analysis2021Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, ISSN 0022-006X, E-ISSN 1939-2117, Vol. 89, nr 4, s. 364-370Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Cognitive therapy (CT) and behavior therapy (BT) are both effective for insomnia but are expected to work via different pathways. Empirically, little is known about their symptom-specific effects. Method: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of online treatment for insomnia disorder (N = 219, 72.9% female, mean age = 52.5 years, SD = 13.9). Participants were randomized to CT (n = 72), BT (n = 73), or wait-list (n = 74). Network Intervention Analysis was used to investigate the symptom-specific treatment effects of CT and BT throughout treatment (wait-list was excluded from the current study). The networks included the Insomnia Severity Index items and the sleep diary-based sleep efficiency and were estimated biweekly from Week 0 until Week 10. Results: Participants in the BT condition showed symptom-specific effects compared to CT on sleep efficiency (Week 4-8, post-test), difficulty maintaining sleep (Week 4), and dissatisfaction with sleep (post-test). Participants in the CT showed symptom-specific effects compared to BT on interference with daily functioning (Week 8, posttest), difficulty initiating sleep, early morning awakenings, and worry about sleep (all post-test). Conclusions: This is the first study that observed specific differential treatment effects for BT and CT throughout the course of their treatment. These effects were more pronounced for BT than for CT and were in line with the theoretical background of these treatments. We think the embedment of the theoretical background of CT and BT in empirical data is of major importance to guide further treatment development.

  • 38. Blindow, Katrina
    et al.
    Bondestam, Fredrik
    Johansson, Gun
    Bodin, Theo
    Westerlund, Hugo
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Nyberg, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Sexual and gender harassment in Swedish workplaces: A prospective cohort study on implications for long-term sickness absence2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, ISSN 0355-3140, E-ISSN 1795-990X, Vol. 47, nr 6, s. 466-474Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate gender harassment and sexual harassment as risk factors for prospective long-term sickness absence (LTSA, >= 21 days). Furthermore, support from colleagues was investigated as a moderating factor of this association.

    Methods Information on gender harassment, sexual harassment and support by colleagues were derived from the biannual Swedish Work Environment Survey 1999-2013, a representative sample of the Swedish working population (N=64 297). Information on LTSA as well as demographic and workplace variables were added from register data. Relative rates of LTSA the year following the exposure were determined using modified Poisson regression.

    Results Monthly to daily exposure to gender harassment was a risk factor for prospective LTSA among women [rate ratio (RR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.05] and men (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10). Monthly to daily exposure to sexual harassment was also a risk factor for LTSA among women (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and men (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13). Exposure to sexual or gender harassment once in the last 12 months was not associated with LTSA. There was no support for an interaction between either of the exposures and support from colleagues in relation to LTSA.

    Conclusions Sexual harassment and gender harassment appear to contribute to a small excess risk for LTSA among women and men. For both kinds of offensive behaviors, the pervasiveness appears to be important for the outcome. The role of support by colleagues was inconclusive and needs further investigation.

  • 39.
    Blom, Victoria
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen. The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Sweden; Karolinska institutet, Sweden.
    Drake, Emma
    Kallings, Lena
    Ekblom, Maria M.
    Nooijen, Carla F. J.
    The effects on self-efficacy, motivation and perceived barriers of an intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviours in office workers: a cluster randomized control trial2021Ingår i: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 21, nr 1, artikel-id 1048Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The importance of physical activity on health is clear, but changing behaviour is difficult. Successful interventions aiming to improve physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour is therefore of importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects on motivation, self-efficacy and barriers to change behaviour from two different behavioural intervention focusing either on reducing sedentary behaviour or on increasing physical activity as compared to a waiting list control group.

    Methods: The study was designed as a cluster randomized control trial (RCT) within two private companies. Self-efficacy, motivation and perceived barriers were together with demographic variables assessed before and after a 6-month intervention. Participant cluster teams were randomly allocated to either the physical activity intervention (iPA), the sedentary behaviour intervention (iSED), or control group. The intervention was multi componential and included motivational counselling based on Cognitive behaviour therapy and Motivational interviewing, group activities and management involvement. Group differences were determined using Bayesian multilevel modelling (parameter estimate; credible interval (CI)), analysing complete cases and those who adhered to the protocol by adhering to at least 3 out of 5 intervention sessions.

    Results: After the intervention, the complete cases analysis showed that the iPA group had significantly higher autonomous motivation (0.33, CI: 0.05-0.61) and controlled motivation (0.27, CI: 0.04-0.51) for physical activity compared with the control group. The iSED group scored less autonomous and controlled motivation compared to the iPA group (0.38, CI: -0.69- -0.087 respectively -0.32, CI: -0.57-0.07) but no significant differences compared with the control group. Among individuals that adhered to the protocol, the results showed higher scores on Exercise (3.03, CI: 0.28-6.02) and Sedentary self-efficacy (3.59, CI: 0.35-7.15) for individuals in the iPA group and on Sedentary self-efficacy (4.77, CI: 0.59-9.44) for the iSED group compared to the control group.

    Conclusion: These findings indicate that the interventions were successful in increasing self-efficacy in each intervention group and autonomous motivation for exercise in the iPA group, in particular when actively participating in the motivational counselling sessions.

  • 40.
    Blomkvist, Anna
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Hofer, Marlise
    Olfactory Impairment and Close Social Relationships: A Narrative Review2021Ingår i: Chemical Senses, ISSN 0379-864X, E-ISSN 1464-3553, Vol. 46, artikel-id bjab037Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Olfactory impairment is one of the more unique symptoms of COVID-19 infection and has therefore enjoyed increased public attention in recent months. Olfactory impairment has various implications and consequences ranging from difficulty detecting dangerous pathogens to hindering social functioning and social behaviors. We provide an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact 3 types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. Evidence is divided into several categories representing potential mechanisms by which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: bonding disruptions, decreased social support, missed group-eating experiences, hygiene concerns, and altered sexual behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of emerging future research questions.

  • 41. Bonfiglio, Ferdinando
    et al.
    Liu, Xingrong
    Smillie, Christopher
    Pandit, Anita
    Kurilshikov, Alexander
    Bacigalupe, Rodrigo
    Zheng, Tenghao
    Nim, Hieu
    Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo
    Bujanda, Luis
    Andreasson, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Agreus, Lars
    Walter, Susanna
    Abecasis, Gonçalo
    Eijsbouts, Chris
    Jostins, Luke
    Parkes, Miles
    Hughes, David A.
    Timpson, Nicholas
    Raes, Jeroen
    Franke, Andre
    Kennedy, Nicholas A.
    Regev, Aviv
    Zhernakova, Alexandra
    Simren, Magnus
    Camilleri, Michael
    D’Amato, Mauro
    GWAS of stool frequency provides insights into gastrointestinal motility and irritable bowel syndrome2021Ingår i: Cell Genomics, E-ISSN 2666-979X, Vol. 1, nr 3, artikel-id 100069Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Gut dysmotility is associated with constipation, diarrhea, and functional gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although its molecular underpinnings are poorly characterized. We studied stool frequency (defined by the number of bowel movements per day, based on questionnaire data) as a proxy for gut motility in a GWAS meta-analysis including 167,875 individuals from UK Biobank and four smaller population-based cohorts. We identify 14 loci associated with stool frequency (p ≤ 5.0 × 10-8). Gene set and pathway analyses detected enrichment for genes involved in neurotransmitter/neuropeptide signaling and preferentially expressed in enteric motor neurons controlling peristalsis. PheWAS identified pleiotropic associations with dysmotility syndromes and the response to their pharmacological treatment. The genetic architecture of stool frequency correlates with that of IBS, and UK Biobank participants from the top 1% of stool frequency polygenic score distribution were associated with 5× higher risk of IBS with diarrhea. These findings pave the way for the identification of actionable pathological mechanisms in IBS and the dysmotility syndromes.

  • 42. Bosson, Jennifer K.
    et al.
    Jurek, Pawel
    Vandello, Joseph A.
    Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza
    Olech, Michal
    Besta, Tomasz
    Bender, Michael
    Hoorens, Vera
    Becker, Maja
    Timur Sevincer, A.
    Best, Deborah L.
    Safdar, Saba
    Wlodarczyk, Anna
    Zawisza, Magdalena
    Zadkowska, Magdalena
    Abuhamdeh, Sami
    Badu Agyemang, Collins
    Akbas, Gulcin
    Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan
    Ammirati, Soline
    Anderson, Joel
    Anjum, Gulnaz
    Ariyanto, Amarina
    Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John
    Ashraf, Mujeeba
    Bakaityte, Aiste
    Bertolli, Chiara
    Berxulli, Dashamir
    Bi, Chongzeng
    Block, Katharina
    Boehnke, Mandy
    Bongiorno, Renata
    Bosak, Janine
    Casini, Annalisa
    Chen, Qingwei
    Chi, Peilian
    Cubela Adoric, Vera
    Daalmans, Serena
    Dandy, Justine
    de Lemus, Soledad
    Dhakal, Sandesh
    Dvorianchikov, Nikolay
    Egami, Sonoko
    Etchezahar, Edgardo
    Esteves, Carla Sofia
    Felix, Neto
    Froehlich, Laura
    Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain
    Gavreliuc, Alin
    Gavreliuc, Dana
    Gomez, Angel
    Guizzo, Francesca
    Graf, Sylvie
    Greijdanus, Hedy
    Grigoryan, Ani
    Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna
    Guerch, Keltouma
    Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    Hale, Miriam-Linnea
    Hamer, Hannah
    Hirai, Mika
    Hoang Duc, Lam
    Hrebickova, Martina
    Hutchings, Paul B.
    Hoj Jensen, Dorthe
    Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga
    Karabati, Serdar
    Kelmendi, Kaltrina
    Kengyel, Gabriella
    Khachatryan, Narine
    Ghazzawi, Rawan
    Kinahan, Mary
    Kirby, Teri A.
    Kovacs, Monika
    Kozlowski, Desiree
    Krivoshchekov, Vladislav
    Kulich, Clara
    Kurosawa, Tai
    Thi Lac An, Nhan
    Labarthe, Javier
    Latu, Ioana
    Anne Lauri, Mary
    Mankowski, Eric
    Musbau Lawal, Abiodun
    Li, Junyi
    Lindner, Jana
    Lindqvist, Anna
    Maitner, Angela T.
    Makarova, Elena
    Makashvili, Ana
    Malayeri, Shera
    Malik, Sadia
    Mancini, Tiziana
    Manzi, Claudia
    Mari, Silvia
    Martiny, Sarah E.
    Mayer, Claude-Helene
    Mihic, Vladimir
    Milosevic Dordevic, Jasna
    Moreno-Bella, Eva
    Moscatelli, Silvia
    Bryan Moynihan, Andrew
    Muller, Dominique
    Narhetali, Erita
    Neto, Felix
    Noels, Kimberly A.
    Nyul, Boglarka
    O'Connor, Emma C.
    Ochoa, Danielle P.
    Ohno, Sachiko
    Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman
    Osborne, Randall
    Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria
    Palacio, Jorge
    Patnaik, Snigdha
    Pavlopoulos, Vassilis
    Perez de Leon, Pablo
    Piterova, Ivana
    Barreiros Porto, Juliana
    Puzio, Angelica
    Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna
    Renteria Perez, Erico
    Renstrom, Emma
    Rousseaux, Tiphaine
    Ryan, Michelle K.
    Sainz, Mario
    Salvati, Marco
    Samekin, Adil
    Schindler, Simon
    Seydi, Masoumeh
    Shepherd, Debra
    Sherbaji, Sara
    Schmader, Toni
    Simao, Claudia
    Sobhie, Rosita
    Souza, Lucille De
    Sarter, Emma
    Sulejmanovic, Dijana
    Sullivan, Katie E.
    Tatsumi, Mariko
    Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy
    Jain Thakur, Suparna
    Thi Mong Chi, Quang
    Torre, Beatriz
    Torres, Ana
    Torres, Claudio V.
    Turkoglu, Beril
    Ungaretti, Joaquin
    Valshtein, Timothy
    Van Laar, Colette
    van der Noll, Jolanda
    Vasiutynskyi, Vadym
    Vauclair, Christin-Melanie
    Venalainen, Satu
    Vohra, Neharika
    Walentynowicz, Marta
    Ward, Colleen
    Yang, Yaping
    Yzerbyt, Vincent
    Zanello, Valeska
    Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Antonella
    Zukauskiene, Rita
    Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations2021Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, ISSN 0022-0221, E-ISSN 1552-5422, Vol. 52, nr 3, s. 231-258Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

  • 43.
    Boye, Katarina
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI).
    Hagqvist, Emma
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Dual-Earner/Career/Dual-Carer Couples2021Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research / [ed] Filomena Maggino, Springer Nature, 2021Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 44. Bragesjö, Maria
    et al.
    Arnberg, Filip K.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Erik
    Prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder: Lessons learned from a terminated RCT of prolonged exposure2021Ingår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, nr 5, artikel-id e0251898Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of the current trial was to test if a brief trauma-focused cognitive-behaviour therapy protocol (prolonged exposure; PE) provided within 72 h after a traumatic event could be effective in decreasing the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), thus replicating and extending the findings from an earlier trial. After a pilot study (N = 10), which indicated feasible and deliverable study procedures and interventions, we launched an RCT with a target sample size of 352 participants randomised to either three sessions of PE or non-directive support. Due to an unforeseen major reorganisation at the hospital, the RCT was discontinued after 32 included participants. In this paper, we highlight obstacles and lessons learned from our feasibility work that are relevant for preventive psychological interventions for PTSD in emergency settings. One important finding was the high degree of attrition, and only 75% and 34%, respectively, came back for the 2-month and 6-month assessments. There were also difficulties in reaching eligible patients immediately after the event. Based on our experiences, we envisage that alternative models of implementation might overcome these obstacles, for example, with remote delivery of both assessments and interventions via the internet or smartphones combined with multiple recruitment procedures. Lessons learned from this terminated RCT are discussed in depth.

  • 45. Bragesjö, Maria
    et al.
    Arnberg, Filip K.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Jelbring, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen.
    Nolkrantz, Johannes
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen.
    Särnholm, Josefin
    Olofsdotter Lauri, Klara
    von Below, Camilla
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Klinisk psykologi.
    Andersson, Erik
    Demanding and effective: participants' experiences of internet-delivered prolonged exposure provided within two months after exposure to trauma2021Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotraumatology, ISSN 2000-8198, E-ISSN 2000-8066, Vol. 12, nr 1, artikel-id 1885193Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The use of remotely delivered early intervention after trauma may prevent and/or reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Our research group evaluated a novel three-week therapist-guided internet-delivered intervention based on prolonged exposure (Condensed Internet-Delivered Prolonged Exposure; CIPE) in a pilot trial. The results indicated that the intervention was feasible, acceptable and reduced symptoms of post-traumatic stress at post-intervention compared to a waiting-list condition. Exposure to traumatic memories can be emotionally demanding and there is a need for detailed investigation of participants' experiences in receiving this type of intervention remotely.

    Objective: Investigate participants' experiences of receiving CIPE early after trauma.

    Method: In this study, qualitative thematic analysis was used and semi-structured interviews with 11 participants six months after intervention completion were conducted. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.

    Results: One overarching theme labelled as 'demanding and effective' was identified. Participants expressed that treatment effects could only be achieved by putting in a lot of effort and by being emotionally close to the trauma memory during exposure exercises. Participants reported CIPE to be a highly credible- and educative intervention that motivated them to fully engage in exposure exercises. The most distressing parts of the intervention was perceived as tolerable and important to do to heal psychologically after trauma. For many participants, the possibility to engage in the intervention whenever and where it suited them was helpful, although some participants described it as challenging to find a balance between their own responsibility and when to expect therapist support. The internet-based format was perceived as a safe forum for self-disclosure that helped some participants overcome avoidance due to shame during imaginal exposure.

    Conclusion: CIPE was considered demanding, yet effective by the interviewed participants. The most distressing parts of the intervention was perceived to be the most important and were tolerable and feasible to provide online.

  • 46. Bragesjö, Maria
    et al.
    Arnberg, Filip K.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Särnholm, Josefin
    Olofsdotter Lauri, Klara
    Andersson, Erik
    Condensed internet-delivered prolonged exposure provided soon after trauma: A randomised pilot trial2021Ingår i: Internet Interventions, ISSN 2214-7829, Vol. 23, artikel-id 100358Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to trauma is common and may have detrimental psychological consequences. Brief exposure therapy provided early after trauma has shown encouraging results in promoting recovery. To scale up treatment availability, we developed a 3-week internet-delivered intervention comprised of four modules based on prolonged exposure (condensed internet-delivered prolonged exposure; CIPE) with therapist support. In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CIPE delivered within 2 months after the index event. Thirty-three participants were randomised to CIPE or a waiting list (WL). The frequency, vividness and distress of intrusive recollections or flashback memories of the traumatic event were assessed using an intrusive memory smartphone app. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress were assessed by the PTSD Symptom Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The most common index traumas in the sample were rape, interpersonal violence and life-threatening accidents. A majority of participants (82%) randomised to CIPE completed all modules, and the number of logins per participant to the Internet platform was high during the three-week intervention (M = 19.6, SD = 11.8). At post-treatment, the CIPE participants had a more favourable reduction than the WL group on the vividness and distress ratings, as well as on the PCL-5 sum score (bootstrapped d = 0.85; 95% CI [0.25-1.45]). Treatment effects were sustained at 6-months follow up and no severe adverse events associated with the intervention were found. CIPE seems to be a feasible and possibly efficacious early intervention after trauma. Large-scale trials are needed to assess its efficacy and long-term benefits.

  • 47. Brincat, Scott L.
    et al.
    Donoghue, Jacob A.
    Mahnke, Meredith K.
    Kornblith, Simon
    Lundqvist, Mikael
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Biologisk psykologi. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
    Miller, Earl K.
    Interhemispheric transfer of working memories2021Ingår i: Neuron, ISSN 0896-6273, E-ISSN 1097-4199, Vol. 109, nr 6, s. 1055-1066Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Visual working memory (WM) storage is largely independent between the left and right visual hemifields/cerebral hemispheres, yet somehow WM feels seamless. We studied how WM is integrated across hemifields by recording neural activity bilaterally from lateral prefrontal cortex. An instructed saccade during the WM delay shifted the remembered location from one hemifield to the other. Before the shift, spike rates and oscillatory power showed clear signatures of memory laterality. After the shift, the lateralization inverted, consistent with transfer of the memory trace from one hemisphere to the other. Transferred traces initially used different neural ensembles from feedforward-induced ones, but they converged at the end of the delay. Around the time of transfer, synchrony between the two prefrontal hemispheres peaked in theta and beta frequencies, with a directionality consistent with memory trace transfer. This illustrates how dynamics between the two cortical hemispheres can stitch together WM traces across visual hemifields.

  • 48.
    Brolin Låftman, Sara
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Modin, Bitte
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Granvik Saminathen, Maria
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Östberg, Viveca
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Löfstedt, Petra
    Rajaleid, Kristiina
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Psychosocial school conditions and students’ positive mental well-being2021Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health: Supplement 3, October 2021 Supplement 14th European Public Health Conference Public health futures in a changing world, 2021, Vol. 31, artikel-id ckab165.518Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. School is a key social determinant of adolescent health. However, earlier research on psychosocial school conditions has largely focused on their relationship with aspects of adverse health, and fewer studies have examined the links with positive health. The aim of this study was to investigate boys' and girls' experiences of school demands, teacher support, and classmate support and their associations with positive mental well-being.

    Methods. Data were derived from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study of 2017/18, with information collected among 1,418 students in grade 9 (∼15-16 years). School demands, teacher support, and classmate support were captured by indices based on multiple items. Positive mental well-being was measured by the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMBWS). Gender-stratified linear regression analyses were performed, clustering for school class.

    Results. Higher demands were associated with lower mental well-being (boys: b=-0.36, p < 0.05; girls: b=-0.65, p < 0.05). Conversely, mental well-being increased with greater teacher support (boys: b = 0.53, p < 0.05; girls: b = 0.56, p < 0.05) and classmate support (boys: b = 0.70, p < 0.05; girls: b = 0.50, p < 0.05). Interactions between demands and the support variables showed that at the lowest levels of teacher and of classmate support, mental well-being was low and not associated with school demands. With increasing levels of teacher and classmate support, the overall level of mental-well-being increased and revealed an inverse association between school demands and mental well-being.

    Conclusions. The findings indicate that psychosocial school conditions are important not only for adverse health among adolescents, but also for their positive health. The study contributes with knowledge about how psychosocial conditions in school may hinder or enhance positive health among students.

    Key messages. School demands, teacher and classmate support were associated with mental well-being among both boys and girls, although the association with demands was seen only at higher levels of support.

  • 49. Bujacz, Aleksandra
    et al.
    Rudman, Ann
    Gustavsson, Petter
    Dahlgren, Anna
    Tucker, Philip
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Swansea University, UK.
    Psychosocial working conditions of shiftworking nurses: A long-term latent transition analysis2021Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management, ISSN 0966-0429, E-ISSN 1365-2834, Vol. 29, nr 8, s. 2603-2610Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This study aimed to identify profiles of working conditions to which nurses were exposed to over time and investigate how changes in working conditions relate to shiftworking and health.

    Background: Previous studies rarely addressed the issue of working conditions development over long periods and the effects of such development on nurses' health.

    Methods: Data from a national cohort of nurses in Sweden (N = 2936) were analysed using a person-centred analytical approach-latent profile and latent transition analysis.

    Results: Nurses report better psychosocial working conditions as they progress into mid-career. Shiftworking nurses experience poorer working conditions than their dayworking counterparts and tend to move from shiftwork to daywork as they progress into mid-career. In mid-career, nurses in work environments characterized by low autonomy and support tend to report poorer health outcomes.

    Conclusion: Current analyses suggest that shiftworking nurses are particularly in need of interventions that address poor work environments. Not only do they experience more negative psychosocial working conditions than their dayworking counterparts, but they do so while having to contend with demanding schedules. Implications for Nursing Management The findings highlight that organisational interventions should target different aspects of the work environment for nurses in diverse stages of their careers.

  • 50. Buzea, Carmen
    et al.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Personlighets-, social- och utvecklingspsykologi.
    The Roma Context2021Ingår i: Roma Minority Youth Across Cultural Contexts: Taking a Positive Approach to Research, Policy, and Practice / [ed] Radosveta Dimitrova; David Lackland Sam; Laura Ferrer Wreder, Oxford University Press, 2021, s. 3-15Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter presents an overview of the current situation of Roma ethnic minority groups. The authors provide a brief historical outline as well as a summary of major sociodemographic, cultural, and contextual characteristics of Roma. They compare these characteristics across different countries hosting Roma populations and discuss their potential importance for children and youth within broader social and cultural contexts. Drawing on currently available empirical work with these populations, the authors address the question of whether traditional developmental frameworks can apply to oppressed minority settings. They also examine how unique cultural-specific and universal features of Roma can inform the understanding of optimal adaptation in adolescence. The authors conclude by emphasizing the relevance of recognizing that oppressed minority groups such as Roma have potentials and strengths on which we need to build, rather than assume that their communities are only characterized by adversity and deficits.

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