Ändra sökning
Avgränsa sökresultatet
1234 1 - 50 av 153
RefereraExporteraLänk till träfflistan
Permanent länk
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annat format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annat språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Träffar per sida
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sortering
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Författare A-Ö
  • Författare Ö-A
  • Titel A-Ö
  • Titel Ö-A
  • Publikationstyp A-Ö
  • Publikationstyp Ö-A
  • Äldst först
  • Nyast först
  • Skapad (Äldst först)
  • Skapad (Nyast först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Äldst först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyast först)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidigaste först)
  • Disputationsdatum (senaste först)
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Författare A-Ö
  • Författare Ö-A
  • Titel A-Ö
  • Titel Ö-A
  • Publikationstyp A-Ö
  • Publikationstyp Ö-A
  • Äldst först
  • Nyast först
  • Skapad (Äldst först)
  • Skapad (Nyast först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Äldst först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyast först)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidigaste först)
  • Disputationsdatum (senaste först)
Markera
Maxantalet träffar du kan exportera från sökgränssnittet är 250. Vid större uttag använd dig av utsökningar.
  • 1. Adams, S. M.
    et al.
    Blagorodnova, N.
    Kasliwal, M. M.
    Amanullah, Rahman
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Barlow, T.
    Bue, B.
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Cao, Y.
    Cenko, S. B.
    Cook, D. O.
    Ferretti, Raphael
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Fox, O. D.
    Fremling, Christoffer
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Gezari, S.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Ho, A. Y. Q.
    Hung, Tiara
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Karamehmetoglu, Emir
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kulkarni, S. R.
    Kupfer, T.
    Laher, R. R.
    Masci, F. J.
    Miller, A. A.
    Neill, J. D.
    Nugent, P. E.
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Taddia, Francesco
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Walters, R.
    iPTF Survey for Cool Transients2018Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISSN 0004-6280, E-ISSN 1538-3873, Vol. 130, nr 985, artikel-id 034202Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We performed a wide-area (2000 deg2) g and I band experiment as part of a two month extension to the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. We discovered 36 extragalactic transients including iPTF17lf, a highly reddened local SN Ia, iPTF17bkj, a new member of the rare class of transitional Ibn/IIn supernovae, and iPTF17be, a candidate luminous blue variable outburst. We do not detect any luminous red novae and place an upper limit on their rate. We show that adding a slow-cadence I band component to upcoming surveys such as the Zwicky Transient Facility will improve the photometric selection of cool and dusty transients.

  • 2.
    Ahrens, Maryon
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Bohm, Christian
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Conrad, Jan M.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Dumm, Jonathan P.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Finley, Chad
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Flis, Samuel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Hultqvist, Klas
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Walck, Christian
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Zoll, Marcel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Meyer, Manuel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stanford University, USA.
    Rosswog, Stephan
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Feindt, Ulrich
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Barbarino, Cristina
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Roy, Rupak
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Taddia, Francesco
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Farnier, Christian
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Morå, Knut
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger2017Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, E-ISSN 2041-8213, Vol. 848, nr 2, artikel-id L12Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of similar to 1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of 40(-8)(+8) Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 M-circle dot. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at similar to 40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over similar to 10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient's position similar to 9 and similar to 16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.

  • 3. Altavilla, G.
    et al.
    Ruiz-Lapuente, P.
    Balastegui, A.
    Méndez, J.
    Irwin, M.
    España-Bonet, C.
    Ellis, R. S.
    Folatelli, G.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Hillebrandt, W.
    McMahon, R. M.
    Nobili, Serena
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Stanishev, Vallery
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Walton, N. A.
    Type Ia SNe Along Redshift: The \mathcal {R}(Si II) Ratio and the Expansion Velocities in Intermediate-z Supernovae2009Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 695, s. 135-148Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a study of intermediate-z Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using empirical physical diagrams which permit the investigation of those SNe explosions. This information can be very useful to reduce systematic uncertainties of the Hubble diagram of SNe Ia up to high z. The study of the expansion velocities and the measurement of the ratio \mathcal {R}(Si II) allow subtyping of SNe Ia as done in nearby samples. The evolution of this ratio as seen in the diagram \mathcal {R}(Si II)-(t) together with \mathcal {R}(Si II)max versus (B - V)0 indicates consistency of the properties at intermediate-z compared with the nearby SNe Ia. At intermediate-z, expansion velocities of Ca II and Si II are found similar to those of the nearby sample. This is found in a sample of six SNe Ia in the range 0.033 <=z<= 0.329 discovered within the International Time Programme of SNe Ia for Cosmology and Physics in the spring run of 2002.7The program run under Omega and Lambda from Supernovae and the Physics of Supernova Explosions within the International Time Programme at the telescopes of the European Northern Observatory (ENO) at La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). Two SNe Ia at intermediate-z were of the cool FAINT type, one being an SN1986G-like object highly reddened. The \mathcal {R}(Si II) ratio as well as subclassification of the SNe Ia beyond templates help to place SNe Ia in their sequence of brightness and to distinguish between reddened and intrinsically red supernovae. This test can be done with very high z SNe Ia and it will help to reduce systematic uncertainties due to extinction by dust. It should allow to map the high-z sample into the nearby one.

  • 4. Altavilla, G.
    et al.
    Stehle, M.
    Ruiz-Lapuente, P.
    Mazzali, P.
    Pignata, G.
    Balastegui, A.
    Benetti, S.
    Blanc, G.
    Canal, R.
    Elias-Rosa, N.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Harutyunyan, A.
    Pastorello, A.
    Patat, F.
    Rich, J.
    Salvo, M.
    Schmidt, B. P.
    Stanishev, V.
    Taubenberger, S.
    Hillebrandt, W.
    The early spectral evolution of SN2004dt2007Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 475, nr 2, s. 585-595Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We study the optical spectroscopic properties of Type Ia Supernova (SNIa) 2004dt, focusing our attention on the early epochs. Methods. Observation triggered soon after the SN 2004dt discovery allowed us to obtain a spectrophotometric coverage from day -10 to almost one year (similar to 353 days) after the B band maximum. Observations carried out on an almost daily basis allowed us a good sampling of the fast spectroscopic evolution of SN 2004dt in the early stages. To obtain this result, low-resolution, long-slit spectroscopy was obtained using a number of facilities. Results. This supernova, which in some absorption lines of its early spectra showed the highest degree of polarization ever measured in any SN Ia, has a complex velocity structure in the outer layers of its ejecta. Unburnt oxygen is present, moving at velocities as high as similar to 16 700 km s(-1), with some intermediate-mass elements (Mg, Si, Ca) moving equally fast. Modeling of the spectra based on standard density profiles of the ejecta fails to reproduce the observed features, whereas enhancing the density of outer layers significantly improves the fit. Our analysis indicates the presence of clumps of high-velocity, intermediate-mass elements in the outermost layers, which is also suggested by the spectropolarimetric data.

  • 5.
    Amanullah, R.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Clement, B.
    Cuby, J. -G
    Dahle, H.
    Dahlen, T.
    Hjorth, J.
    Fabbro, S.
    Jönsson, Jakob
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kneib, J. -P
    Lidman, C.
    Limousin, M.
    Milvang-Jensen, B.
    Mortsell, E.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Nordin, Jakob
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Paech, K.
    Richard, J.
    Riehm, Teresa
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi.
    Stanishev, V.
    Watson, D.
    A HIGHLY MAGNIFIED SUPERNOVA AT z=1.703 BEHIND THE MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTER A16892011Ingår i: ASTROPHYS J LETT, ISSN 2041-8205, Vol. 742, nr 1, s. L7-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Our ability to study the most remote supernova explosions, crucial for the understanding of the evolution of the high-redshift universe and its expansion rate, is limited by the light collection capabilities of telescopes. However, nature offers unique opportunities to look beyond the range within reach of our unaided instruments thanks to the light-focusing power of massive galaxy clusters. Here we report on the discovery of one of the most distant supernovae ever found, at redshift z = 1.703. Due to a lensing magnification factor of 4.3 +/- 0.3, we are able to measure a light curve of the supernova, as well as spectroscopic features of the host galaxy with a precision comparable to what would otherwise only be possible with future generation telescopes.

  • 6.
    Amanullah, Rahman
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    PERTURBATIONS OF SNe Ia LIGHT CURVES, COLORS, AND SPECTRAL FEATURES BY CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST2011Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 735, nr 1, s. 20-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    It has been suggested that multiple scattering on circumstellar dust could explain the non-standard reddening observed in the line of sight to Type Ia supernovae. In this work, we use Monte Carlo simulations to examine how the scattered light would affect the shape of optical light curves and spectral features. We find that the effects on the light curve widths, apparent time evolution of color excess, and blending of spectral features originating at different photospheric velocities should allow for tests of the circumstellar dust hypothesis on a case by case basis. Our simulations also show that for circumstellar shells with radii r = 10(16)-10(19) cm, the light curve modifications are well described by the empirical Delta m(15) parameter and intrinsic color variations of order sigma(BV) = 0.05-0.1 arise naturally. For large shell radii an excess light curve tail is expected in B-band, as observed in, e.g., SN2006X.

  • 7.
    Amanullah, Rahman
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Johansson, Joel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Banerjee, D. P. K.
    Venkataraman, V.
    Joshi, V.
    Ashok, N. M.
    Cao, Y.
    Kasliwal, M. M.
    Kulkarni, S. R.
    Nugent, P. E.
    Petrushevska, Tanja
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Stanishev, V.
    THE PECULIAR EXTINCTION LAW OF SN 2014J MEASURED WITH THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE2014Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, E-ISSN 2041-8213, Vol. 788, nr 2, s. L21-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The wavelength dependence of the extinction of Type Ia SN 2014J in the nearby galaxy M82 has been measured using UV to near-IR photometry obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, the Nordic Optical Telescope, and the Mount Abu Infrared Telescope. This is the first time that the reddening of an SN Ia is characterized over the full wavelength range of 0.2-2 mu m. A total-to-selective extinction, R-V >= 3.1, is ruled out with high significance. The best fit at maximum using a Galactic type extinction law yields R-V = 1.4 +/- 0.1. The observed reddening of SN 2014J is also compatible with a power-law extinction, A(lambda)/A(V) = (lambda/lambda(V))(p) as expected from multiple scattering of light, with p = -2.1 +/- 0.1. After correcting for differences in reddening, SN 2014J appears to be very similar to SN 2011 fe over the 14 broadband filter light curves used in our study.

  • 8.
    Amanullah, Rahman
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Johansson, Joel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Ferretti, Raphael
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Papadogiannakis, Seméli
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Petrushevska, Tanja
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Brown, P. J.
    Cao, Y.
    Contreras, C.
    Dahle, H.
    Elias-Rosa, N.
    Fynbo, J. P. U.
    Gorosabel, J.
    Guaita, L.
    Hangard, Laura
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Howell, D. A.
    Hsiao, E. Y.
    Kankare, E.
    Kasliwal, M.
    Leloudas, G.
    Lundqvist, Peter
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Mattila, S.
    Nugent, P.
    Phillips, M. M.
    Sandberg, Andreas
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Stanishev, V.
    Sullivan, M.
    Taddia, Francesco
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Östlin, Göran
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Asadi, Saghar
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Herrero-Illana, R.
    Jensen, J. J.
    Karhunen, K.
    Lazarevic, S.
    Varenius, E.
    Santos, P.
    Sridhar, S. Seethapuram
    Wallström, S. H. J.
    Wiegert, J.
    Diversity in extinction laws of Type Ia supernovae measured between 0.2 and 2 μm2015Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 453, nr 3, s. 3300-3328Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We present ultraviolet (UV) observations of six nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, three of which were also observed in the near-IR (NIR) with Wide-Field Camera 3. UV observations with the Swift satellite, as well as ground-based optical and NIR data provide complementary information. The combined data set covers the wavelength range 0.2-2 mu m. By also including archival data of SN 2014J, we analyse a sample spanning observed colour excesses up to E(B - V) = 1.4 mag. We study the wavelength-dependent extinction of each individual SN and find a diversity of reddening laws when characterized by the total-to-selective extinction R-V. In particular, we note that for the two SNe with E(B - V) greater than or similar to 1 mag, for which the colour excess is dominated by dust extinction, we find R-V = 1.4 +/- 0.1 and R-V = 2.8 +/- 0.1. Adding UV photometry reduces the uncertainty of fitted R-V by similar to 50 per cent allowing us to also measure R-V of individual low-extinction objects which point to a similar diversity, currently not accounted for in the analyses when SNe Ia are used for studying the expansion history of the Universe.

  • 9.
    Amanullah, Rahman
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Lidman, Chris
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Rubin, D.
    Aldering, G.
    Astier, P.
    Barbary, K.
    Burns, M. S.
    Conley, A.
    Dawson, K. S.
    Deustua, S. E.
    Doi, M.
    Fabbro, S.
    Faccioli, L.
    Fakhouri, H. K.
    Folatelli, G.
    Fruchter, A. S.
    Furusawa, H.
    Garavini, G.
    Goldhaber, G.
    Goobar, A.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Groom, D. E.
    Hook, I.
    Howell, D. A.
    Kashikawa, N.
    Kim, A. G.
    Knop, R. A.
    Kowalski, M.
    Linder, E.
    Meyers, J.
    Morokuma, T.
    Nobili, Serena
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Nordin, Jakob
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Nugent, P. E.
    Östman, Linda
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Pain, R.
    Panagia, N.
    Perlmutter, S.
    Raux, J.
    Ruiz-Lapuente, P.
    Spadafora, A. L.
    Strovink, M.
    Suzuki, N.
    Wang, L.
    Wood-Vasey, W. M.
    Yasuda, N.
    Supernova Cosmology Project, The
    Spectra and Hubble Space Telescope Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z < 1.12 and the Union2 Compilation2010Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 716, s. 712-738Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on work to increase the number of well-measured Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at high redshifts. Light curves, including high signal-to-noise Hubble Space Telescope data, and spectra of six SNe Ia that were discovered during 2001, are presented. Additionally, for the two SNe with z > 1, we present ground-based J-band photometry from Gemini and the Very Large Telescope. These are among the most distant SNe Ia for which ground-based near-IR observations have been obtained. We add these six SNe Ia together with other data sets that have recently become available in the literature to the Union compilation. We have made a number of refinements to the Union analysis chain, the most important ones being the refitting of all light curves with the SALT2 fitter and an improved handling of systematic errors. We call this new compilation, consisting of 557 SNe, the Union2 compilation. The flat concordance ΛCDM model remains an excellent fit to the Union2 data with the best-fit constant equation-of-state parameter w = -0.997+0.050 -0.054(stat)+0.077 -0.082(stat + sys together) for a flat universe, or w = -1.038+0.056 -0.059(stat)+0.093 -0.097(stat + sys together) with curvature. We also present improved constraints on w(z). While no significant change in w with redshift is detected, there is still considerable room for evolution in w. The strength of the constraints depends strongly on redshift. In particular, at z >~ 1, the existence and nature of dark energy are only weakly constrained by the data. Based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The observations are associated with programs HST-GO-08585 and HST-GO-09075. Based, in part, on observations obtained at the ESO La Silla Paranal Observatory (ESO programs 67.A-0361 and 169.A-0382). Based, in part, on observations obtained at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO). Based on observations obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). Based, in part, on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory (Gemini programs GN-2001A-SV-19 and GN-2002A-Q-31). Based, in part on observations obtained at the Subaru Telescope. Based, in part, on data that were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory.

  • 10.
    Andersson, Karl
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Peterson, J. R.
    Madejski, G.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Characterizing the Properties of Clusters of Galaxies as a Function of Luminosity and Redshift2009Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 696, s. 1029-1050Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the application of the new Monte Carlo method, smoothed particle inference (SPI, described in a pair of companion papers), toward analysis and interpretation of X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies with the XMM-Newton satellite. Our sample consists of publicly available well exposed observations of clusters at redshifts z > 0.069, totaling 101 objects. We determine the luminosity and temperature structure of the X-ray emitting gas, with the goal to quantify the scatter and the evolution of the LX -T relation, as well as to investigate the dependence on cluster substructure with redshift. This work is important for the establishment of the potential robustness of mass estimates from X-ray data which in turn is essential toward the use of clusters for measurements of cosmological parameters. We use the luminosity and temperature maps derived via the SPI technique to determine the presence of cooling cores, via measurements of luminosity and temperature contrast. The LX -T relation is investigated, and we confirm that LX vprop T 3. We find a weak redshift dependence (\propto (1+z)^{\beta _{LT}}, \beta _{LT}=0.50 \pm 0.34), in contrast to some Chandra results. The level of dynamical activity is established using the "power ratio" method, and we compare our results to previous application of this method to Chandra data for clusters. We find signs of evolution in the P 3/P 0 power ratio. A new method, the "temperature two-point correlation function," is proposed. This method is used to determine the "power spectrum" of temperature fluctuations in the X-ray emitting gas as a function of spatial scale. We show how this method can be fruitfully used to identify cooling core clusters as well as those with disturbed structures, presumably due to ongoing or recent merger activity.

  • 11. Andreoni, I.
    et al.
    Ackley, K.
    Cooke, J.
    Acharyya, A.
    Allison, J. R.
    Anderson, G. E.
    Ashley, M. C. B.
    Baade, D.
    Bailes, M.
    Bannister, K.
    Beardsley, A.
    Bessell, M. S.
    Bian, F.
    Bland, P. A.
    Boer, M.
    Booler, T.
    Brandeker, Alexis
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi.
    Brown, I. S.
    Buckley, D. A. H.
    Chang, S. -W.
    Coward, D. M.
    Crawford, S.
    Crisp, H.
    Crosse, B.
    Cucchiara, A.
    Cupak, M.
    de Gois, J. S.
    Deller, A.
    Devillepoix, H. A. R.
    Dobie, D.
    Elmer, E.
    Emrich, D.
    Farah, W.
    Farrell, T. J.
    Franzen, T.
    Gaensler, B. M.
    Galloway, D. K.
    Gendre, B.
    Giblin, T.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Green, J.
    Hancock, P. J.
    Hartig, B. A. D.
    Howell, E. J.
    Horsley, L.
    Hotan, A.
    Howie, R. M.
    Hu, L.
    Hu, Y.
    James, C. W.
    Johnston, S.
    Johnston-Hollitt, M.
    Kaplan, D. L.
    Kasliwal, M.
    Keane, E. F.
    Kenney, D.
    Klotz, A.
    Lau, R.
    Laugier, R.
    Lenc, E.
    Li, X.
    Liang, E.
    Lidman, C.
    Luvaul, L. C.
    Lynch, C.
    Ma, B.
    Macpherson, D.
    Mao, J.
    McClelland, D. E.
    McCully, C.
    Moller, A.
    Morales, M. F.
    Morris, D.
    Murphy, T.
    Noysena, K.
    Onken, C. A.
    Orange, N. B.
    Oslowski, S.
    Pallot, D.
    Paxman, J.
    Potter, S. B.
    Pritchard, T.
    Raja, W.
    Ridden-Harper, R.
    Romero-Colmenero, E.
    Sadler, E. M.
    Sansom, E. K.
    Scalzo, R. A.
    Schmidt, B. P.
    Scott, S. M.
    Seghouani, N.
    Shang, Z.
    Shannon, R. M.
    Shao, L.
    Shara, M. M.
    Sharp, R.
    Sokolowski, M.
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi.
    Staff, J.
    Steele, K.
    Sun, T.
    Suntzeff, N. B.
    Tao, C.
    Tingay, S.
    Towner, M. C.
    Thierry, P.
    Trott, C.
    Tucker, B. E.
    Vaisanen, P.
    Krishnan, V. Venkatraman
    Walker, M.
    Wang, L.
    Wang, X.
    Wayth, R.
    Whiting, M.
    Williams, A.
    Williams, T.
    Wolf, C.
    Wu, C.
    Wu, X.
    Yang, J.
    Yuan, X.
    Zhang, H.
    Zhou, J.
    Zovaro, H.
    Follow Up of GW170817 and Its Electromagnetic Counterpart by Australian-Led Observing Programmes2017Ingår i: Publications Astronomical Society of Australia, ISSN 1323-3580, E-ISSN 1448-6083, Vol. 34, artikel-id e069Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The discovery of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave signal has generated follow-up observations by over 50 facilities world-wide, ushering in the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In this paper, we present follow-up observations of the gravitational wave event GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart SSS17a/DLT17ck (IAU label AT2017gfo) by 14 Australian telescopes and partner observatories as part of Australian-based and Australian-led research programs. We report early- to late-time multi-wavelength observations, including optical imaging and spectroscopy, mid-infrared imaging, radio imaging, and searches for fast radio bursts. Our optical spectra reveal that the transient source emission cooled from approximately 6 400 K to 2 100 K over a 7-d period and produced no significant optical emission lines. The spectral profiles, cooling rate, and photometric light curves are consistent with the expected outburst and subsequent processes of a binary neutron star merger. Star formation in the host galaxy probably ceased at least a Gyr ago, although there is evidence for a galaxy merger. Binary pulsars with short (100 Myr) decay times are therefore unlikely progenitors, but pulsars like PSR B1534+12 with its 2.7 Gyr coalescence time could produce such a merger. The displacement (similar to 2.2 kpc) of the binary star system from the centre of the main galaxy is not unusual for stars in the host galaxy or stars originating in the merging galaxy, and therefore any constraints on the kick velocity imparted to the progenitor are poor.

  • 12. Andreoni, Igor
    et al.
    Coughlin, Michael W.
    Almualla, Mouza
    Bellm, Eric C.
    Bianco, Federica B.
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Cucchiara, Antonino
    Dietrich, Tim
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kool, Erik C.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Li, Xiaolong
    Ragosta, Fabio
    Sagués Carracedo, Ana
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Singer, Leo P.
    Optimizing Cadences with Realistic Light-curve Filtering for Serendipitous Kilonova Discovery with Vera Rubin Observatory2022Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, ISSN 0067-0049, E-ISSN 1538-4365, Vol. 258, nr 1, artikel-id 5Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Current and future optical and near-infrared wide-field surveys have the potential to find kilonovae, the optical and infrared counterparts to neutron star mergers, independently of gravitational-wave or high-energy gamma-ray burst triggers. The ability to discover fast and faint transients such as kilonovae largely depends on the area observed, the depth of those observations, the number of revisits per field in a given time frame, and the filters adopted by the survey; it also depends on the ability to perform rapid follow-up observations to confirm the nature of the transients. In this work, we assess kilonova detectability in existing simulations of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time strategy for the Vera C. Rubin Wide Fast Deep survey, with focus on comparing rolling to baseline cadences. Although currently available cadences can enable the detection of >300 kilonovae out to ∼1400 Mpc over the 10 year survey, we can expect only 3–32 kilonovae similar to GW170817 to be recognizable as fast-evolving transients. We also explore the detectability of kilonovae over the plausible parameter space, focusing on viewing angle and ejecta masses. We find that observations in redder izy bands are crucial for identification of nearby (within 300 Mpc) kilonovae that could be spectroscopically classified more easily than more distant sources. Rubin's potential for serendipitous kilonova discovery could be increased by gain of efficiency with the employment of individual 30 s exposures (as opposed to 2 × 15 s snap pairs), with the addition of red-band observations coupled with same-night observations in g or r bands, and possibly with further development of a new rolling-cadence strategy.

  • 13. Andreoni, Igor
    et al.
    Coughlin, Michael W.
    Kool, Erik C.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi.
    Kasliwal, Mansi M.
    Kumar, Harsh
    Bhalerao, Varun
    Carracedo, Ana Sagués
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Ho, Anna Y. Q.
    Pang, Peter T. H.
    Saraogi, Divita
    Sharma, Kritti
    Shenoy, Vedant
    Burns, Eric
    Ahumada, Tomás
    Anand, Shreya
    Singer, Leo P.
    Perley, Daniel A.
    De, Kishalay
    Fremling, U. C.
    Bellm, Eric C.
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi.
    Crellin-Quick, Arien
    Dietrich, Tim
    Drake, Andrew
    Duev, Dmitry A.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Graham, Matthew J.
    Kaplan, David L.
    Kulkarni, S. R.
    Laher, Russ R.
    Mahabal, Ashish A.
    Shupe, David L.
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi.
    Walters, Richard
    Yao, Yuhan
    Fast-transient Searches in Real Time with ZTFReST: Identification of Three Optically Discovered Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and New Constraints on the Kilonova Rate2021Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 918, nr 2, artikel-id 63Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The most common way to discover extragalactic fast transients, which fade within a few nights in the optical, is via follow-up of gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave triggers. However, wide-field surveys have the potential to identify rapidly fading transients independently of such external triggers. The volumetric survey speed of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) makes it sensitive to objects as faint and fast fading as kilonovae, the optical counterparts to binary neutron star mergers, out to almost 200 Mpc. We introduce an open-source software infrastructure, the ZTF REaltime Search and Triggering, ZTFReST, designed to identify kilonovae and fast transients in ZTF data. Using the ZTF alert stream combined with forced point-spread-function photometry, we have implemented automated candidate ranking based on their photometric evolution and fitting to kilonova models. Automated triggering, with a human in the loop for monitoring, of follow-up systems has also been implemented. In 13 months of science validation, we found several extragalactic fast transients independently of any external trigger, including two supernovae with post-shock cooling emission, two known afterglows with an associated gamma-ray burst (ZTF20abbiixp, ZTF20abwysqy), two known afterglows without any known gamma-ray counterpart (ZTF20aajnksq, ZTF21aaeyldq), and three new fast-declining sources (ZTF20abtxwfx, ZTF20acozryr, ZTF21aagwbjr) that are likely associated with GRB200817A, GRB201103B, and GRB210204A. However, we have not found any objects that appear to be kilonovae. We constrain the rate of GW170817-like kilonovae to R < 900 Gpc(-3) yr(-1) (95% confidence). A framework such as ZTFReST could become a prime tool for kilonova and fast-transient discovery with the Vera Rubin Observatory.

  • 14. Andreoni, Igor
    et al.
    Goldstein, Daniel A.
    Kasliwal, Mansi M.
    Nugent, Peter E.
    Zhou, Rongpu
    Newman, Jeffrey A.
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Nordiska institutet för teoretisk fysik (Nordita). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Foucart, Francois
    Hotokezaka, Kenta
    Nakar, Ehud
    Nissanke, Samaya
    Raaijmakers, Geert
    Bloom, Joshua S.
    De, Kishalay
    Jencson, Jacob E.
    Ward, Charlotte
    Ahumada, Tomas
    Anand, Shreya
    Buckley, David A. H.
    Caballero-Garcia, Maria D.
    Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.
    Copperwheat, Christopher M.
    Coughlin, Michael W.
    Cenko, S. Bradley
    Gromadzki, Mariusz
    Hu, Youdong
    Karambelkar, Viraj R.
    Perley, Daniel A.
    Sharma, Yashvi
    Valeev, Azamat F.
    Cook, David O.
    Fremling, U. Christoffer
    Kumar, Harsh
    Taggart, Kirsty
    Bagdasaryan, Ashot
    Cooke, Jeff
    Dahiwale, Aishwarya
    Dhawan, Suhail
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Dobie, Dougal
    Gatkine, Pradip
    Golkhou, V. Zach
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Chaves, Andreas Guerra
    Hankins, Matthew
    Kaplan, David L.
    Kong, Albert K. H.
    Kool, Erik C.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Mohite, Siddharth
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Tzanidakis, Anastasios
    Webb, Sara
    Zhang, Keming
    GROWTH on S190814bv: Deep Synoptic Limits on the Optical/Near-infrared Counterpart to a Neutron Star-Black Hole Merger2020Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 890, nr 2, artikel-id 131Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    On 2019 August 14, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected the high-significance gravitational wave (GW) signal S190814bv. The GW data indicated that the event resulted from a neutron star-black hole (NSBH) merger, or potentially a low-mass binary BH merger. Due to the low false-alarm rate and the precise localization (23 deg(2) at 90%), S190814bv presented the community with the best opportunity yet to directly observe an optical/near-infrared counterpart to an NSBH merger. To search for potential counterparts, the GROWTH Collaboration performed real-time image subtraction on six nights of public Dark Energy Camera images acquired in the 3 weeks following the merger, covering >98% of the localization probability. Using a worldwide network of follow-up facilities, we systematically undertook spectroscopy and imaging of optical counterpart candidates. Combining these data with a photometric redshift catalog, we ruled out each candidate as the counterpart to S190814bv and placed deep, uniform limits on the optical emission associated with S190814bv. For the nearest consistent GW distance, radiative transfer simulations of NSBH mergers constrain the ejecta mass of S190814bv to be M-ej < 0.04 M-circle dot at polar viewing angles, or M-ej < 0.03 M-circle dot if the opacity is kappa < 2 cm(2)g(-1). Assuming a tidal deformability for the NS at the high end of the range compatible with GW170817 results, our limits would constrain the BH spin component aligned with the orbital momentum to be chi < 0.7 for mass ratios Q < 6, with weaker constraints for more compact NSs.

  • 15. Andreoni, Igor
    et al.
    Kool, Erik C.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Sagués Carracedo, Ana
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kasliwal, Mansi M.
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Nordiska institutet för teoretisk fysik (Nordita).
    Ahumada, Tomás
    Coughlin, Michael W.
    Anand, Shreya
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kaplan, David L.
    Loveridge, Tegan T.
    Karambelkar, Viraj
    Cooke, Jeff
    Bagdasaryan, Ashot
    Bellm, Eric C.
    Cenko, S. Bradley
    Cook, David O.
    De, Kishalay
    Dekany, Richard
    Delacroix, Alexandre
    Drake, Andrew
    Duev, Dmitry A.
    Fremling, Christoffer
    Golkhou, V. Zach
    Graham, Matthew J.
    Hale, David
    Kulkarni, S. R.
    Kupfer, Thomas
    Laher, Russ R.
    Mahabal, Ashish A.
    Masci, Frank J.
    Rusholme, Ben
    Smith, Roger M.
    Tzanidakis, Anastasios
    Sistine, Angela Van
    Yao, Yuhan
    Constraining the Kilonova Rate with Zwicky Transient Facility Searches Independent of Gravitational Wave and Short Gamma-Ray Burst Triggers2020Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 904, nr 2, artikel-id 155Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The first binary neutron star merger, GW170817, was accompanied by a radioactivity-powered optical/infrared transient called a kilonova. To date, no compelling kilonova has been found in all-sky optical surveys, independently of short gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave triggers. In this work, we searched the first 23 months of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) data stream for candidate kilonovae in the form of rapidly evolving transients. We combined ZTF alert queries with forced point-spread-function photometry and nightly flux stacking to increase our sensitivity to faint and fast transients. Automatic queries yielded >11,200 candidates, 24 of which passed quality checks and selection criteria based on a grid of kilonova models tailored for both binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole mergers. None of the candidates in our sample was deemed a possible kilonova after thorough vetting. The sources that passed our selection criteria are dominated by Galactic cataclysmic variables. We identified two fast transients at high Galactic latitude, one of which is the confirmed afterglow of long-duration GRB.190106A, the other is a possible cosmological afterglow. Using a survey simulation code, we constrained the kilonova rate for a range of models including top-hat, linearly decaying light curves, and synthetic light curves obtained with radiative transfer simulations. For prototypical GW170817-like kilonovae, we constrain the rate to be R < 1775 Gpc(-3) yr(-1) (95% confidence). By assuming a population of kilonovae with the same geometry and composition of GW170817 observed under a uniform viewing angle distribution, we obtained a constraint on the rate of R.<.4029 Gpc(-3) yr(-1).

  • 16. Andreoni, Igor
    et al.
    Margutti, Raffaella
    Salafia, Om Sharan
    Parazin, B.
    Villar, V. Ashley
    Coughlin, Michael W.
    Yoachim, Peter
    Mortensen, Kris
    Brethauer, Daniel
    Smartt, S. J.
    Kasliwal, Mansi M.
    Alexander, Kate D.
    Anand, Shreya
    Berger, E.
    Bernardini, Maria Grazia
    Bianco, Federica B.
    Blanchard, Peter K.
    Bloom, Joshua S.
    Brocato, Enzo
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Cartier, Regis
    Cenko, S. Bradley
    Chornock, Ryan
    Copperwheat, Christopher M.
    Corsi, Alessandra
    D'Ammando, Filippo
    D'Avanzo, Paolo
    Datrier, Laurence Elise Helene
    Foley, Ryan J.
    Ghirlanda, Giancarlo
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Grindlay, Jonathan
    Hajela, Aprajita
    Holz, Daniel E.
    Karambelkar, Viraj
    Kool, Erik C.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Lamb, Gavin P.
    Laskar, Tanmoy
    Levan, Andrew
    Maguire, Kate
    May, Morgan
    Melandri, Andrea
    Milisavljevic, Dan
    Miller, A. A.
    Nicholl, Matt
    Nissanke, Samaya M.
    Palmese, Antonella
    Piranomonte, Silvia
    Rest, Armin
    Sagués Carracedo, Ana
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Siellez, Karelle
    Singer, Leo P.
    Smith, Mathew
    Steeghs, D.
    Tanvir, Nial
    Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Events with Vera C. Rubin Observatory2022Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, ISSN 0067-0049, E-ISSN 1538-4365, Vol. 260, nr 1, artikel-id 18Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart to the binary neutron star (NS) merger GW170817 has opened the era of gravitational-wave multimessenger astronomy. Rapid identification of the optical/infrared kilonova enabled a precise localization of the source, which paved the way to deep multiwavelength follow-up and its myriad of related science results. Fully exploiting this new territory of exploration requires the acquisition of electromagnetic data from samples of NS mergers and other gravitational-wave sources. After GW170817, the frontier is now to map the diversity of kilonova properties and provide more stringent constraints on the Hubble constant, and enable new tests of fundamental physics. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time can play a key role in this field in the 2020s, when an improved network of gravitational-wave detectors is expected to reach a sensitivity that will enable the discovery of a high rate of merger events involving NSs (∼tens per year) out to distances of several hundred megaparsecs. We design comprehensive target-of-opportunity observing strategies for follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers that will make the Rubin Observatory the premier instrument for discovery and early characterization of NS and other compact-object mergers, and yet unknown classes of gravitational-wave events.

  • 17. Astier, P.
    et al.
    Balland, C.
    Brescia, M.
    Cappellaro, E.
    Carlberg, R. G.
    Cavuoti, S.
    Della Valle, M.
    Gangler, E.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Guy, J.
    Hardin, D.
    Hook, I. M.
    Kessler, R.
    Kim, A.
    Linder, E.
    Longo, G.
    Maguire, K.
    Mannucci, F.
    Mattila, S.
    Nichol, R.
    Pain, R.
    Regnault, N.
    Spiro, S.
    Sullivan, M.
    Tao, C.
    Turatto, M.
    Wang, X. F.
    Wood-Vasey, W. M.
    Extending the supernova Hubble diagram to z similar to 1.5 with the Euclid space mission2014Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 572, s. A80-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We forecast dark energy constraints that could be obtained from a new large sample of Type Ia supernovae where those at high redshift are acquired with the Euclid space mission. We simulate a three-prong SN survey: a z < 0.35 nearby sample (8000 SNe), a 0.2 < z < 0.95 intermediate sample (8800 SNe), and a 0.75 < z < 1.55 high-z sample (1700 SNe). The nearby and intermediate surveys are assumed to be conducted from the ground, while the high-z is a joint ground-and space-based survey. This latter survey, the Dark Energy Supernova Infra-Red Experiment (DESIRE), is designed to fit within 6 months of Euclid observing time, with a dedicated observing programme. We simulate the SN events as they would be observed in rolling-search mode by the various instruments, and derive the quality of expected cosmological constraints. We account for known systematic uncertainties, in particular calibration uncertainties including their contribution through the training of the supernova model used to fit the supernovae light curves. Using conservative assumptions and a 1D geometric Planck prior, we find that the ensemble of surveys would yield competitive constraints: a constant equation of state parameter can be constrained to sigma(omega) = 0.022, and a Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit of 203 is found for a two-parameter equation of state. Our simulations thus indicate that Euclid can bring a significant contribution to a purely geometrical cosmology constraint by extending a high-quality SN Ia Hubble diagram to z similar to 1.5. We also present other science topics enabled by the DESIRE Euclid observations.

  • 18. Barack, Leor
    et al.
    Cardoso, Vitor
    Nissanke, Samaya
    Sotiriou, Thomas P.
    Askar, Abbas
    Belczynski, Chris
    Bertone, Gianfranco
    Bon, Edi
    Blas, Diego
    Brito, Richard
    Bulik, Tomasz
    Burrage, Clare
    Byrnes, Christian T.
    Caprini, Chiara
    Chernyakova, Masha
    Chruściel, Piotr
    Colpi, Monica
    Ferrari, Valeria
    Gaggero, Daniele
    Gair, Jonathan
    García-Bellido, Juan
    Hassan, Sayed Fawad
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Heisenberg, Lavinia
    Hendry, Martin
    Heng, Ik Siong
    Herdeiro, Carlos
    Hinderer, Tanja
    Horesh, Assaf
    Kavanagh, Bradley J.
    Kocsis, Bence
    Kramer, Michael
    Le Tiec, Alexandre
    Mingarelli, Chiara
    Nardini, Germano
    Nelemans, Gijs
    Palenzuela, Carlos
    Pani, Paolo
    Perego, Albino
    Porter, Edward K.
    Rossi, Elena M.
    Schmidt, Patricia
    Sesana, Alberto
    Sperhake, Ulrich
    Stamerra, Antonio
    Stein, Leo C.
    Tamanini, Nicola
    Tauris, Thomas M.
    Arturo Urena-López, L.
    Vincent, Frederic
    Volonteri, Marta
    Wardell, Barry
    Wex, Norbert
    Yagi, Kent
    Abdelsalhin, Tiziano
    Ángel Aloy, Miguel
    Amaro-Seoane, Pau
    Annulli, Lorenzo
    Arca-Sedda, Manuel
    Bah, Ibrahima
    Barausse, Enrico
    Barakovic, Elvis
    Benkel, Robert
    Bennett, Charles L.
    Bernard, Laura
    Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
    Berry, Christopher P. L.
    Berti, Emanuele
    Bezares, Miguel
    Juan Blanco-Pillado, Jose
    Blázquez-Salcedo, Jose Luis
    Bonetti, Matteo
    Bošković, Mateja
    Bosnjak, Zeljka
    Bricman, Katja
    Brügmann, Bernd
    Capelo, Pedro R.
    Carloni, Sante
    Cerdá-Durán, Pablo
    Charmousis, Christos
    Chaty, Sylvain
    Clerici, Aurora
    Coates, Andrew
    Colleoni, Marta
    Collodel, Lucas G.
    Compère, Geoffrey
    Cook, William
    Cordero-Carríon, Isabel
    Correia, Miguel
    de la Cruz-Dombriz, Álvaro
    Czinner, Viktor G.
    Destounis, Kyriakos
    Dialektopoulos, Kostas
    Doneva, Daniela
    Dotti, Massimo
    Drew, Amelia
    Eckner, Christopher
    Edholm, James
    Emparan, Roberto
    Erdem, Recai
    Ferreira, Miguel
    Ferreira, Pedro G.
    Finch, Andrew
    Font, Jose A.
    Franchini, Nicola
    Fransen, Kwinten
    Gal'tsov, Dmitry
    Ganguly, Apratim
    Gerosa, Davide
    Glampedakis, Kostas
    Gomboc, Andreja
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Gualtieri, Leonardo
    Guendelman, Eduardo
    Haardt, Francesco
    Harmark, Troels
    Hejda, Filip
    Hertog, Thomas
    Hopper, Seth
    Husa, Sascha
    Ihanec, Nada
    Ikeda, Taishi
    Jaodand, Amruta
    Jetzer, Philippe
    Jimenez-Forteza, Xisco
    Kamionkowski, Marc
    Kaplan, David E.
    Kazantzidis, Stelios
    Kimura, Masashi
    Kobayashi, Shiho
    Kokkotas, Kostas
    Krolik, Julian
    Kunz, Jutta
    Lämmerzahl, Claus
    Lasky, Paul
    Lemos, José P. S.
    Said, Jackson Levi
    Liberati, Stefano
    Lopes, Jorge
    Luna, Raimon
    Ma, Yin-Zhe
    Maggio, Elisa
    Mangiagli, Alberto
    Montero, Marina Martinez
    Maselli, Andrea
    Mayer, Lucio
    Mazumdar, Anupam
    Messenger, Christopher
    Ménard, Brice
    Minamitsuji, Masato
    Moore, Christopher J.
    Mota, David
    Nampalliwar, Sourabh
    Nerozzi, Andrea
    Nichols, David
    Nissimov, Emil
    Obergaulinger, Martin
    Obers, Niels A.
    Oliveri, Roberto
    Pappas, George
    Pasic, Vedad
    Peiris, Hiranya
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Petrushevska, Tanja
    Pollney, Denis
    Pratten, Geraint
    Rakic, Nemanja
    Racz, Istvan
    Radia, Miren
    Ramazanoglu, Fethi M.
    Ramos-Buades, Antoni
    Raposo, Guilherme
    Rogatko, Marek
    Rosca-Mead, Roxana
    Rosinska, Dorota
    Rosswog, Stephan
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Ruiz-Morales, Ester
    Sakellariadou, Mairi
    Sanchis-Gual, Nicolás
    Salafia, Om Sharan
    Samajdar, Anuradha
    Sintes, Alicia
    Smole, Majda
    Sopuerta, Carlos
    Souza-Lima, Rafael
    Stalevski, Marko
    Stergioulas, Nikolaos
    Stevens, Chris
    Tamfal, Tomas
    Torres-Forne, Alejandro
    Tsygankov, Sergey
    Ünlütürk, Kivanç I.
    Valiante, Rosa
    van de Meent, Maarten
    Velhinho, José
    Verbin, Yosef
    Vercnocke, Bert
    Vernieri, Daniele
    Vicente, Rodrigo
    Vitagliano, Vincenzo
    Weltman, Amanda
    Whiting, Bernard
    Williamson, Andrew
    Witek, Helvi
    Wojnar, Aneta
    Yakut, Kadri
    Yan, Haopeng
    Yazadjiev, Stoycho
    Zaharijas, Gabrijela
    Zilhão, Miguel
    Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap2019Ingår i: Classical and quantum gravity, ISSN 0264-9381, E-ISSN 1361-6382, Vol. 36, nr 14, artikel-id 143001Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on 'Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics'.

  • 19. Barbary, K.
    et al.
    Aldering, G.
    Amanullah, R.
    Brodwin, M.
    Connolly, N.
    Dawson, K. S.
    Doi, M.
    Eisenhardt, P.
    Faccioli, L.
    Fadeyev, V.
    Fakhouri, H. K.
    Fruchter, A. S.
    Gilbank, D. G.
    Gladders, M. D.
    Goldhaber, G.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Hattori, T.
    Hsiao, E.
    Huang, X.
    Ihara, Y.
    Kashikawa, N.
    Koester, B.
    Konishi, K.
    Kowalski, M.
    Lidman, C.
    Lubin, L.
    Meyers, J.
    Morokuma, T.
    Oda, T.
    Panagia, N.
    Perlmutter, S.
    Postman, M.
    Ripoche, P.
    Rosati, P.
    Rubin, D.
    Schlegel, D. J.
    Spadafora, A. L.
    Stanford, S. A.
    Strovink, M.
    Suzuki, N.
    Takanashi, N.
    Tokita, K.
    Yasuda, N.
    THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE CLUSTER SUPERNOVA SURVEY. II. THE TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE IN HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXY CLUSTERS2012Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 745, nr 1, s. 32-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a measurement of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate in galaxy clusters at 0.9 < z < 1.46 from the Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Supernova Survey. This is the first cluster SN Ia rate measurement with detected z > 0.9 SNe. Finding 8 +/- 1 cluster SNe Ia, we determine an SN Ia rate of 0.50(-0.19)(+0.23) (stat) (+0.10)(-0.09) (sys) h(70)(2) SNuB (SNuB equivalent to 10(-12) SNe (L-1)circle dot(,B) yr(-1)). In units of stellar mass, this translates to 0.36(-0.13)(+0.16) (stat) (+0.07)(-0.06) (sys) h(70)(2) SNuM (SNuM = 10(-12) SNe M-1 circle dot yr(-1)). This represents a factor of approximate to 5 +/- 2 increase over measurements of the cluster rate at z < 0.2. We parameterize the late-time SN Ia delay time distribution (DTD) with a power law: Psi(t) t(s). Under the approximation of a single-burst cluster formation redshift of z(f) = 3, our rate measurement in combination with lower-redshift cluster SN Ia rates constrains s = -1.41(-0.40)(+0.47), consistent with measurements of the DTD in the field. This measurement is generally consistent with expectations for the double degenerate scenario and inconsistent with some models for the single degenerate scenario predicting a steeper DTD at large delay times. We check for environmental dependence and the influence of younger stellar populations by calculating the rate specifically in cluster red-sequence galaxies and in morphologically early-type galaxies, finding results similar to the full cluster rate. Finally, the upper limit of one hostless cluster SN Ia detected in the survey implies that the fraction of stars in the intra-cluster medium is less than 0.47 (95% confidence), consistent with measurements at lower redshifts.

  • 20. Barbary, K.
    et al.
    Aldering, G.
    Amanullah, R.
    Brodwin, M.
    Connolly, N.
    Dawson, K. S.
    Doi, M.
    Eisenhardt, P.
    Faccioli, L.
    Fadeyev, V.
    Fakhouri, H. K.
    Fruchter, A. S.
    Gilbank, D. G.
    Gladders, M. D.
    Goldhaber, G.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Hattori, T.
    Hsiao, E.
    Huang, X.
    Ihara, Y.
    Kashikawa, N.
    Koester, B.
    Konishi, K.
    Kowalski, M.
    Lidman, C.
    Lubin, L.
    Meyers, J.
    Morokuma, T.
    Oda, T.
    Panagia, N.
    Perlmutter, S.
    Postman, M.
    Ripoche, P.
    Rosati, P.
    Rubin, D.
    Schlegel, D. J.
    Spadafora, A. L.
    Stanford, S. A.
    Strovink, M.
    Suzuki, N.
    Takanashi, N.
    Tokita, K.
    Yasuda, N.
    THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE CLUSTER SUPERNOVA SURVEY. VI. THE VOLUMETRIC TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE2012Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 745, nr 1, artikel-id 31Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a measurement of the volumetric Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate out to z similar or equal to 1.6 from the Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Supernova Survey. In observations spanning 189 orbits with the Advanced Camera for Surveys we discovered 29 SNe, of which approximately 20 are SNe Ia. Twelve of these SNe Ia are located in the foregrounds and backgrounds of the clusters targeted in the survey. Using these new data, we derive the volumetric SN Ia rate in four broad redshift bins, finding results consistent with previous measurements at z greater than or similar to 1 and strengthening the case for an SN Ia rate that is greater than or similar to 0.6 x 10(-4) h(70)(3) yr(-1) Mpc(-3) at z similar to 1 and flattening out at higher redshift. We provide SN candidates and efficiency calculations in a form that makes it easy to rebin and combine these results with other measurements for increased statistics. Finally, we compare the assumptions about host-galaxy dust extinction used in different high-redshift rate measurements, finding that different assumptions may induce significant systematic differences between measurements.

  • 21. Barbary, K.
    et al.
    Dawson, K. S.
    Tokita, K.
    Aldering, G.
    Amanullah, Rahman
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Connolly, N. V.
    Doi, M.
    Faccioli, L.
    Fadeyev, V.
    Fruchter, A. S.
    Goldhaber, G.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Gude, A.
    Huang, X.
    Ihara, Y.
    Konishi, K.
    Kowalski, M.
    Lidman, C.
    Meyers, J.
    Morokuma, T.
    Nugent, P.
    Perlmutter, S.
    Rubin, D.
    Schlegel, D.
    Spadafora, A. L.
    Suzuki, N.
    Swift, H. K.
    Takanashi, N.
    Thomas, R. C.
    Yasuda, N.
    Discovery of an Unusual Optical Transient with the Hubble Space Telescope2009Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 690, s. 1358-1362Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We present observations of SCP 06F6, an unusual optical transient discovered during the Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Supernova Survey. The transient brightened over a period of ~100 days, reached a peak magnitude of ~ 21.0 in both i 775 and z 850, and then declined over a similar timescale. There is no host galaxy or progenitor star detected at the location of the transient to a 3σ upper limit of i 775 >= 26.4 and z 850 >= 26.1, giving a corresponding lower limit on the flux increase of a factor of ~ 120. Multiple spectra show five broad absorption bands between 4100 Å and 6500 Å, and a mostly featureless continuum longward of 6500 Å. The shape of the light curve is inconsistent with microlensing. The transient's spectrum, in addition to being inconsistent with all known supernova types, does not match any spectrum in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. We suggest that the transient may be one of a new class. Based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The observations are associated with program GO-10496. Based in part on observations obtained at the European Southern Observatory under ESO program 077.A-0110. Based in part on observations collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA.

  • 22. Bellm, Eric C.
    et al.
    Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
    Barlow, Tom
    Feindt, Ulrich
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Graham, Matthew J.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kupfer, Thomas
    Ngeow, Chow-Choong
    Nugent, Peter
    Ofek, Eran
    Prince, Thomas A.
    Riddle, Reed
    Walters, Richard
    Ye, Quan-Zhi
    The Zwicky Transient Facility: Surveys and Scheduler2019Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISSN 0004-6280, E-ISSN 1538-3873, Vol. 131, nr 1000, artikel-id 068003Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a novel algorithm for scheduling the observations of time-domain imaging surveys. Our integer linear programming approach optimizes an observing plan for an entire night by assigning targets to temporal blocks, enabling strict control of the number of exposures obtained per field and minimizing filter changes. A subsequent optimization step minimizes slew times between each observation. Our optimization metric self-consistently weights contributions from time-varying airmass, seeing, and sky brightness to maximize the transient discovery rate. We describe the implementation of this algorithm on the surveys of the Zwicky Transient Facility and present its on-sky performance.

  • 23. Bellm, Eric C.
    et al.
    Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
    Graham, Matthew J.
    Dekany, Richard
    Smith, Roger M.
    Riddle, Reed
    Masci, Frank J.
    Helou, George
    Prince, Thomas A.
    Adams, Scott M.
    Barbarino, Cristina
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Barlow, Tom
    Bauer, James
    Beck, Ron
    Belicki, Justin
    Biswas, Rahul
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Blagorodnova, Nadejda
    Bodewits, Dennis
    Bolin, Bryce
    Brinnel, Valery
    Brooke, Tim
    Bue, Brian
    Bulla, Mattia
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Burruss, Rick
    Cenko, S. Bradley
    Chang, Chan-Kao
    Connolly, Andrew
    Coughlin, Michael
    Cromer, John
    Cunningham, Virginia
    De, Kishalay
    Delacroix, Alex
    Desai, Vandana
    Duev, Dmitry A.
    Eadie, Gwendolyn
    Farnham, Tony L.
    Feeney, Michael
    Feindt, Ulrich
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Flynn, David
    Franckowiak, Anna
    Frederick, S.
    Fremling, C.
    Gal-Yam, Avishay
    Gezari, Suvi
    Giomi, Matteo
    Goldstein, Daniel A.
    Golkhou, V. Zach
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Groom, Steven
    Hacopians, Eugean
    Hale, David
    Henning, John
    Ho, Anna Y. Q.
    Hover, David
    Howell, Justin
    Hung, Tiara
    Huppenkothen, Daniela
    Imel, David
    Ip, Wing-Huen
    Ivezic, Zeljko
    Jackson, Edward
    Jones, Lynne
    Juric, Mario
    Kasliwal, Mansi M.
    Kaspi, S.
    Kaye, Stephen
    Kelley, Michael S. P.
    Kowalski, Marek
    Kramer, Emily
    Kupfer, Thomas
    Landry, Walter
    Laher, Russ R.
    Lee, Chien-De
    Lin, Hsing Wen
    Lin, Zhong-Yi
    Lunnan, Ragnhild
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Giomi, Matteo
    Mahabal, Ashish
    Mao, Peter
    Miller, Adam A.
    Monkewitz, Serge
    Murphy, Patrick
    Ngeow, Chow-Choong
    Nordin, Jakob
    Nugent, Peter
    Ofek, Eran
    Patterson, Maria T.
    Penprase, Bryan
    Porter, Michael
    Rauch, Ludwig
    Rebbapragada, Umaa
    Reiley, Dan
    Rigault, Mickael
    Rodriguez, Hector
    van Roestel, Jan
    Rusholme, Ben
    van Santen, Jakob
    Schulze, S.
    Shupe, David L.
    Singer, Leo P.
    Soumagnac, Maayane T.
    Stein, Robert
    Surace, Jason
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Szkody, Paula
    Taddia, Francesco
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Terek, Scott
    Van Sistine, Angela
    van Velzen, Sjoert
    Vestrand, W. Thomas
    Walters, Richard
    Ward, Charlotte
    Ye, Quan-Zhi
    Yu, Po-Chieh
    Yan, Lin
    Zolkower, Jeffry
    The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results2019Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISSN 0004-6280, E-ISSN 1538-3873, Vol. 131, nr 995, artikel-id 018002Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a new optical time-domain survey that uses the Palomar 48 inch Schmidt telescope. A custom-built wide-field camera provides a 47 deg(2) field of view and 8 s readout time, yielding more than an order of magnitude improvement in survey speed relative to its predecessor survey, the Palomar Transient Factory. We describe the design and implementation of the camera and observing system. The ZTF data system at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center provides near-real-time reduction to identify moving and varying objects. We outline the analysis pipelines, data products, and associated archive. Finally, we present on-sky performance analysis and first scientific results from commissioning and the early survey. ZTF's public alert stream will serve as a useful precursor for that of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.

  • 24. Betoule, M.
    et al.
    Kessler, R.
    Guy, J.
    Mosher, J.
    Hardin, D.
    Biswas, R.
    Astier, P.
    El-Hage, P.
    Konig, M.
    Kuhlmann, S.
    Marriner, J.
    Pain, R.
    Regnault, N.
    Balland, C.
    Bassett, B. A.
    Brown, P. J.
    Campbell, H.
    Carlberg, R. G.
    Cellier-Holzern, F.
    Cinabro, D.
    Conley, A.
    D'Andrea, C. B.
    DePoy, D. L.
    Doi, M.
    Ellis, R. S.
    Fabbro, S.
    Filippenko, A. V.
    Foley, R. J.
    Frieman, J. A.
    Fouchez, D.
    Galbany, L.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Gupta, R. R.
    Hill, G. J.
    Hlozek, R.
    Hogan, C. J.
    Hook, I. M.
    Howell, D. A.
    Jha, S. W.
    Le Guillou, L.
    EGENLeloudas, G.
    Lidrnan, C.
    Marshall, J. L.
    Moeller, A.
    Mourao, A. M.
    Neveu, J.
    Nichol, R.
    Olmstead, M. D.
    Palanque-Delabrouille, N.
    Perlinutter, S.
    Prieto, J. L.
    Pritchet, C. J.
    Richinond, M.
    Riess, A. G.
    Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.
    Sako, M.
    Sehahmaneche, K.
    Schneider, D. P.
    Smith, M.
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Sullivan, M.
    Walton, N. A.
    Wheeler, C. J.
    Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples2014Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 568, s. A22-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We present cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of type la supernova (SN Ia) observations obtained by the SDSS-II and SNLS collaborations. The dataset includes several low-redshift samples (z < 0.1), all three seasons from the SDSS-11 (0.05 < z < 0.4), and three years from SNLS (0.2 < z < 1), and it totals 740 spectroscopically confirmed type la supernovae with high quality light curves. Methods. We followed the methods and assumptions of the SNLS three-year data analysis except for the following important improvements: I) the addition of the full SDSS-II spectroscopically-confirmed SN la sample in both the training of the SALT2 light-curve model and in the Hubble diagram analysis (374 SNe); 2) intercalibration of the SNLS and SDSS surveys and reduced systematic uncertainties in the photometric calibration, performed blindly with respect to the cosmology analysis; and 3) a thorough investigation of systematic errors associated with the SALT2 modeling of SN la light curves. Results. We produce recalibrated SN la light curves and associated distances for the SDSS-II and SNLS samples. The large SOSS-II sample provides an effective, independent, low -z anchor for the Hubble diagram and reduces the systematic error from calibration systematics in the low -z SN sample. For a flat ACDM cosmology, we find Omega(m), = 0.295 0.034 (stat+sys), a value consistent with the most recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurement from the Planck and WMAP experiments. Our result is 1.8 sigma (stat+sys) different than the previously published result of SNLS three-year data. The change is due primarily to improvements in the SNLS photometric calibration. When combined with CMB constraints, we measure a constant dark energy equation of state parameter omega = -1.018 +/- 0,057 (sral+sys) for a fiat universe. Adding baryon acoustic oscillation distance measurements gives similar constraints: omega = 59 -1.027 0.055. Our supernova measurements provide the most stringent constraints to date on the nature of dark energy.

  • 25.
    Biswas, Rahul
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Dhawan, Suhail
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). University of Cambridge, UK.
    Schulze, Steve
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Johansson, Joel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Bellm, Eric C.
    Dekany, Richard
    Drake, Andrew J.
    Duev, Dmitry A.
    Fremling, Christoffer
    Graham, Matthew
    Kim, Young-Lo
    Kool, Erik C.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
    Mahabal, Ashish A.
    Perley, Daniel
    Rigault, Mickael
    Rusholme, Ben
    Sollerman, Jesper
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för astronomi. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC). Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Shupe, David L.
    Smith, Matthew
    Walters, Richard S.
    Two c's in a pod: cosmology-independent measurement of the Type Ia supernova colour-luminosity relation with a sibling pair2022Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 509, nr 4, s. 5340-5356Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Using Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) observations, we identify a pair of ‘sibling’ Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), i.e. hosted by the same galaxy at z = 0.0541. They exploded within 200 d from each other at a separation of 0.6arcsec0.6arcsec corresponding to a projected distance of only 0.6 kpc. Performing SALT2 light-curve fits to the gri ZTF photometry, we show that for these equally distant ‘standardizable candles’, there is a difference of 2 mag in their rest-frame B-band peaks, and the fainter supernova (SN) has a significantly red SALT2 colour c = 0.57 ± 0.04, while the stretch values x1 of the two SNe are similar, suggesting that the fainter SN is attenuated by dust in the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. We use these measurements to infer the SALT2 colour standardization parameter, β = 3.5 ± 0.3, independent of the underlying cosmology and Malmquist bias. Assuming the colour excess is entirely due to dust, the result differs by 2σ from the average Milky Way total-to-selective extinction ratio, but is in good agreement with the colour–brightness corrections empirically derived from the most recent SN Ia Hubble–Lemaitre diagram fits. Thus we suggest that SN ‘siblings’, which will increasingly be discovered in the coming years, can be used to probe the validity of the colour and light-curve shape corrections using in SN Ia cosmology while avoiding important systematic effects in their inference from global multiparameter fits to inhomogeneous data sets, and also help constrain the role of interstellar dust in SN Ia cosmology.

  • 26. Boldt, Luis N.
    et al.
    Stritzinger, Maximilian D.
    Burns, Chris
    Hsiao, Eric
    Phillips, M. M.
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Marion, G. H.
    Stanishev, Vallery
    Near-Infrared K Corrections of Type Ia Supernovae and their Errors2014Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISSN 0004-6280, E-ISSN 1538-3873, Vol. 126, nr 938, s. 324-337Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we use near-infrared (NIR) spectral observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to study the uncertainties inherent in NIR K corrections. To do so, 75 previously published NIR spectra of 33 SNe Ia are employed to determine K-correction uncertainties in the YJHK(s) passbands as a function of temporal phase and redshift. The resultant K corrections are then fed into an interpolation algorithm that provides mean K corrections as a function of temporal phase and robust estimates of the associated errors. These uncertainties are both statistical and intrinsic-i.e., due to the diversity of spectral features from object to object and must be included in the overall error budget of cosmological parameters constrained through the use of NIR observations of SNe Ia. Intrinsic variations are likely the dominant source of error for all four passbands at maximum light. Given the present data, the total Y-band K-correction uncertainties at maximum are smallest, amounting to +/- 0.04 mag at a redshift of z = 0.08. The J-band K-term errors are also reasonably small (+/- 0.06 mag), but intrinsic variations of spectral features and noise introduced by telluric corrections in the H-band currently limit its total K-correction errors at maximum to +/- 0.10 mag at z = 0.08. Finally, uncertainties in the K-s-band K terms at maximum amount to +/- 0.07 mag at this same redshift. These results are largely constrained by the small number of published NIR spectra of SNe Ia, which do not yet allow spectral templates to be constructed as a function of the light curve decline rate.

  • 27.
    Bulla, Mattia
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Amanullah, Rahman
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Feindt, Ulrich
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Ferretti, Raphael
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Estimating dust distances to Type Ia supernovae from colour excess time evolution2018Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 473, nr 2, s. 1918-1929Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a new technique to infer dust locations towards reddened Type Ia supernovae and to help discriminate between an interstellar and a circumstellar origin for the observed extinction. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the time evolution of the light-curve shape and especially of the colour excess E(B - V) places strong constraints on the distance between dust and the supernova. We apply our approach to two highly reddened Type Ia supernovae for which dust distance estimates are available in the literature: SN 2006X and SN 2014J. For the former, we obtain a time-variable E(B - V) and from this derive a distance of 27.5(-4.9)(+ 9.0) or 22.1(-3.8)(+ 6.0) pc depending on whether dust properties typical of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) or the Milky Way (MW) are used. For the latter, instead, we obtain a constant E(B - V) consistent with dust at distances larger than similar to 50 and 38 pc for LMC-and MW-type dust, respectively. Values thus extracted are in excellent agreement with previous estimates for the two supernovae. Our findings suggest that dust responsible for the extinction towards these supernovae is likely to be located within interstellar clouds. We also discuss how other properties of reddened Type Ia supernovae - such as their peculiar extinction and polarization behaviour and the detection of variable, blue-shifted sodium features in some of these events - might be compatible with dust and gas at interstellar-scale distances.

  • 28.
    Bulla, Mattia
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Goobar, Ariel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Dhawan, Suhail
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Shedding light on the Type Ia supernova extinction puzzle: dust location found2018Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 479, nr 3, s. 3663-3674Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The colour evolution of reddened Type Ia supernovae can place strong constraints on the location of dust and help address the question of whether the observed extinction stems from the interstellar medium or from circumstellar material surrounding the progenitor. Here, we analyse BV photometry of 48 reddened Type Ia supernovae from the literature and estimate the dust location from their B - V colour evolution. We find a time-variable colour excess E(B - V) for 15 supernovae in our sample and constrain dust to distances between 0.013 and 45 pc (4 x 10(16)-10(20) cm). For the remaining supernovae, we obtain a constant E(B - V) evolution and place lower limits on the dust distance from the explosion. In all the 48 supernovae, the inferred dust location is compatible with an interstellar origin for the extinction. This is corroborated by the observation that supernovae with relatively nearby dust (less than or similar to 1 pc) are located close to the centre of their host galaxy in high-density dusty regions, where interactions between the supernova radiation and interstellar clouds close by are likely to occur. For supernovae showing time-variable E(B - V), we identify a potential preference for low-R-V values, unusually strong sodium absorption, and blue-shifted and time-variable absorption features. Within the interstellar framework, this brings evidence to a proposed scenario, where cloud-cloud collisions induced by the supernova radiation pressure can shift the grain size distribution to smaller values and enhance the abundance of sodium in the gaseous phase.