[{"_id":"project:2991","_type":"project","abstract":{"sv":"Att motverka globala klimatförändringar genom att identifiera och bevara naturliga biologiska kolsänkor är av största vikt för att möta hoten mot vår planet, men medför samtidigt stora utmaningar. Därför är det viktigt att på bästa sätt utnyttja ekosystemens förmåga att motverka ökningen av atmosfärisk koldioxid och att planera hur våra kuster ska utnyttjas för bästa effekt. Om detta inte görs kommer stora mängder växthusgaser att frigöras från störda biologiska kolsänkor. För närvarande har forskningen stort fokus på potentialen hos naturliga kolsänkor som klimat-reducerande miljöer, men trots detta finns det stora kunskapsluckor kring dessa kolsänkors funktion och sårbarhet. Det föreslagna projektet kommer att utvärdera kapaciteten för klimatkompensering i svenska kustlandskap genom att uppskatta den totala netto-kapaciteten för upptag och lagring av s.k. blått kol, utbytet av växthusgaser och konnektivitet (export och slutdeponering av kol) kopplat till habitat rika på organiskt (blått) kol och rådande markanvändning. Omfattande konceptuella modeller som kopplar klimat och kol-budgetar över kustnära blått kol kommer att utvecklas för att identifiera värdefulla områden för rumslig bevarande-prioritering (inkl. viktiga kolsänkor) och särskilt hotade områden (dvs. känsliga och störda kustnära habitat). Dessa modeller gagnar kustförvaltare vid utveckling av markanvändingsplaner och beslutsfattande som på ett hållbart sätt ska skydda klimatregleringen av svenska kustlandskap.","en":"Global climate change mitigation through the preservation of natural biological carbon sinks is of the highest importance to face the threats to our planet but poses ample challenges for society, governments and policy makers around the world. It is thus crucial to conserve the ecosystems’ ability to slow down the prevailing increase of atmospheric CO2 and plan how our coasts are utilized in the best way. By failing to do so, large amounts of greenhouse gases will be released from disturbed biological carbon sinks. There is currently a focus on the climate mitigation potential of natural blue carbon sinks, nevertheless there are major knowledge gaps of the functioning and vulnerability of these sinks and their link to climate compensation capacity. The proposed project will evaluate climate change mitigation capacity of Swedish coastal seascapes by assessing the total net blue carbon sequestration capacity, greenhouse gas exchange and seascape connectivity (export and fate of carbon) coupled to distribution of blue forest habitats and contemporary land use. Seascape-wide conceptual climate-carbon models on coastal blue carbon will be developed to identify areas for spatial conservation prioritization (e.g. CO2 sequestration hotspots) and areas of concern (i.e. environmentally sensitive or damaged coastal blue forest habitats), which will benefit managers developing land use planning and policy-making that sustainably safeguard climate regulation services of Swedish seascapes."},"project_id":"2021-01280_Formas","identifier_short":"2021-01280","dates":{"start_date":"2022-01-01","end_date":"2024-12-31"},"organizations":[{"funding":[{"_id":3,"id":"202100-5232","sv":"Forskningsrådet Formas","en":"Swedish Research Council Formas"}]},{"coordinating":[{"_id":481,"id":"202100-4896","sv":"Södertörns högskola","en":"Södertörn University"}]}],"people":[{"project_leaders":[{"_id":"authority-person:19426","orcid":"0000-0002-7552-2431","name":"Gullström, Martin","role":"principal_investigator","affiliation":[{"_id":11837,"sv":"Miljövetenskap","en":"Environmental Science","parent":[{"_id":11831,"sv":"Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik","en":"School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies","parent":[{"_id":481,"id":"202100-4896","sv":"Södertörns högskola","en":"Södertörn University"}]}]}]}]},{"other_personnel":[{"_id":"authority-person:93853","orcid":"0000-0001-9406-0976","name":"Asplund, Maria E.","role":"co_investigator"},{"_id":"authority-person:84667","orcid":"0000-0003-0363-110x","name":"Björk, Mats","role":"co_investigator"},{"_id":"authority-person:92861","orcid":"0000-0002-1522-8919","name":"Linderholm, Hans W.","role":"co_investigator"},{"_id":"authority-person:282","orcid":"0000-0002-6763-1697","name":"Andrén, Elinor","role":"co_investigator","affiliation":[{"_id":11837,"sv":"Miljövetenskap","en":"Environmental Science","parent":[{"_id":11831,"sv":"Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik","en":"School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies","parent":[{"_id":481,"sv":"Södertörns högskola","en":"Södertörn University"}]}]}]}]}],"tags":[{"_id":11538,"id":"10501","sv":"Klimatforskning","en":"Climate Research"},{"_id":11547,"id":"10599","sv":"Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap","en":"Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences"},{"_id":11559,"id":"10611","sv":"Ekologi","en":"Ecology"}],"titles":{"en":"Climate change mitigation capacity of Swedish coastal seascapes"},"type_of_awards":{"sv":"Projektbidrag","en":"Project grant"},"publications":[{"id":"diva2:2065435","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"title":"Coastal land uplift and intensified land-use influence seagrass carbon and nitrogen sink capacity over millennial timescales","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Dahl","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0003-2016-4857","localId":"mada21","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Braun","given":"Sara","ORCID":"0000-0002-4353-7073","localId":"sabr22","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Asplund","given":"Maria E.","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Björk","given":"Mats","ORCID":"0000-0003-0363-110X","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Kaal","given":"Joeri","affiliation":[{"name":"Pyrolyscience, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"family":"Linderholm","given":"Hans W.","ORCID":"0000-0002-1522-8919","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Andrén","given":"Elinor","ORCID":"0000-0002-6763-1697","localId":"sheran04","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Andrén","given":"Thomas","ORCID":"0000-0001-5615-6088","localId":"shtsan06","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Ežerinskis","given":"Žilvinas","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Lithuania"}]},{"family":"Vidya Faizal","given":"Madhavu","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Forsberg","given":"Sara C.","ORCID":"0000-0002-6260-776X","localId":"safo22","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Garbaras","given":"Andrius","ORCID":"0000-0002-3105-8059","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Lithuania"}]},{"family":"Kylander","given":"Malin E.","ORCID":"0000-0001-8787-5069","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Masqué","given":"Pere","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University, Australia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco"}]},{"family":"Mateo","given":"Miguel A.","ORCID":"0000-0001-7567-0277","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University, Australia; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB-CSIC), Spain"}]},{"family":"Šapolaitė","given":"Justina","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Lithuania"}]},{"family":"Serrano","given":"Oscar","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University, Australia; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB-CSIC), Spain"}]},{"family":"Svensson","given":"J. Robin","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Vinogradova","given":"Olena","ORCID":"0000-0002-3147-9347","localId":"shoava16","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Gullström","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0002-7552-2431","localId":"magx20","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]}],"abstract":"Seagrass meadows store sedimentary carbon and nitrogen and thus play an important role in climate change mitigation and nutrient retention globally. Here we reconstruct the impact of land-use and coastal land uplift on millennial–scale seagrass (Zostera marina) blue carbon and nitrogen accumulation in the Baltic Sea based on a multiproxy paleoreconstruction approach. We show that increased landscape clearance resulted in higher terrestrial runoff and increased accumulation of carbon and nitrogen, whereas land uplift led to hydrodynamically sheltered environments facilitating seagrass colonization, occurring 1700 and > 4000 years ago. The establishment of the seagrass meadows resulted in enhancement of the quality of carbon and nitrogen stocks with increased lignin contents. Seagrass establishment also likely supported export of organic matter to surrounding unvegetated areas and thereby contributed to carbon and nitrogen accumulation beyond habitat boundaries. The findings show that the long-term carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates and permanence are shaped by land cultivation and geomorphological changes and highlights the importance of seagrass conservation for maintaining thousands of years of sedimentary carbon and nitrogen storage.","DOI":"10.1038/s41598-026-54674-y","PMID":"42191823","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-105040409244","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-60193","issue":"1","volume":"16","number":"16263","container-title":"Scientific Reports","ISSN":"2045-2322","keyword":"Blue carbon; Baltic sea; Zostera marina; Land-use; Coastal change; Paleoreconstruction","publisher":"Springer Nature","published":[{"raw":"2026-06-03T14:07:00.000+02:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2026-06-03T14:07:08.870+02:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2026-07-09T13:22:51.227+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-60193"},{"id":"diva2:2021053","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"title":"Distribution of coastal blue carbon habitats in Sweden and their exposure to anthropogenic pressure","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Braun","given":"Sara","ORCID":"0000-0002-4353-7073","localId":"sabr22","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Dahl","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0003-2016-4857","localId":"mada21","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Asplund","given":"Maria E.","ORCID":"0000-0001-9406-0976","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Ebert","given":"Karin","ORCID":"0000-0002-1030-5268","localId":"shknet17","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Björk","given":"Mats","ORCID":"0000-0003-0363-110X","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Gullström","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0002-7552-2431","localId":"magx20","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]}],"abstract":"Understanding where blue carbon habitats occur and how they are affected by human activity contributes to effective management of natural carbon sinks. Here, we compiled geographical data for Sweden to map the distribution of coastal vegetated blue carbon (BC) habitats. The mapping effort focused on well-recognised (salt marshes and seagrass meadows) and emergent BC habitats (other rooted submerged macrophytes and forested wetlands). We also estimated the exposure to anthropogenic pressures on coastal BC habitats based on their proximity to land-based human activities, and subsequently, the portion of these BC habitats that were located within protected areas. The total area of BC habitats was estimated to around 1850 km2, corresponding to ca. 35% of the Swedish coast. Seagrass meadows and other rooted submerged macrophytes were dominating, covering about 1500 km2. Around 22% of the mapped BC habitats were expected to be exposed to high pressures from land-based human activities due to their location, while BC habitats within protected areas were often less exposed. This nationwide assessment of coastal vegetated BC habitats accentuates the need for strengthening conservation prioritisation to maximise the carbon storage potential of BC habitats.","DOI":"10.1007/s13280-025-02290-x","PMID":"41335313","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-105023978936","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-58620","volume":"55","page":"875-890","container-title":"Ambio","ISSN":"1654-7209","publisher":"Springer Nature","published":[{"raw":"2025-12-12T10:37:00.000+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-12-12T10:37:11.237+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2026-04-14T09:40:28.081+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-58620"},{"id":"diva2:1935278","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"title":"Evaluating seagrass lipid biomarkers as indicator for organic carbon provenance and storage capacity in Zostera marina (L.) sediments","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Dahl","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0003-2016-4857","localId":"mada21","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Asplund","given":"M. E.","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Björk","given":"M.","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Bergman","given":"S.","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arctic University of Norway, Norway"}]},{"family":"Braun","given":"Sara","ORCID":"0000-0002-4353-7073","localId":"sabr22","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Forsberg","given":"Sara","ORCID":"0000-0002-6260-776X","localId":"safo22","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Hällberg","given":"P.","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Löfgren","given":"E.","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Smittenberg","given":"R.","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Switzerland"}]},{"family":"Svensson","given":"J. R.","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Gullström","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0002-7552-2431","localId":"magx20","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]}],"abstract":"Seagrass meadows are vital blue carbon habitats, with sedimentary organic carbon (OC) originating from both the seagrass itself and external sources. In this study, lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes), a well-known proxy for tracing OC sources, were used to indicate seagrass presence in sediment records and to correlate with sedimentary OC in cold-temperate seagrass (Zostera marina) sediments. We calculated a Zostera-ratio (seagrass/algae and terrestrial plants-ratio) using identified seagrass biomass n-alkanes (C15, C17, C19, C21, C23) as a fingerprint for seagrass-derived OC. Based on the presence or absence of seagrass plant remains in sediments, we confirmed an overall significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.49, with significant sites ranging from 0.66 to 0.81; p < 0.001) between the Zostera-ratio and OC in sediment profiles down to 2 m depth. The Zostera-ratio ranged from 0.0006 to 0.35 with higher values indicating seagrass plant material. The findings show that n-alkanes can serve as proxies for both seagrass presence and total OC levels in the sediment. ","DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178324","PMID":"39756295","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-85213981317","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-56351","volume":"959","number":"178324","container-title":"Science of the Total Environment","ISSN":"1879-1026","keyword":"Blue carbon; Carbon sources; Eelgrass; n-Alkanes; Skagerrak; Biomarkers; Carbon; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Lipids; Water Pollutants; Chemical; Zosteraceae; Atlantic Ocean; North Sea; Plant diseases; alkane; biological marker; lignin; lipid; organic carbon; Carbon source; Lipid biomarkers; Organics; Seagrasses; Zostera; Zostera marina; biomarker; marine sediment; seagrass; seagrass meadow; Article; biomass; controlled study; eutrophication; habitat; microbial diversity; nonhuman; plant; sediment; storage; chemistry; procedures; water pollutant; Biotic","publisher":"Elsevier","note":"Article; Export Date: 05 February 2025; Cited By: 0; Correspondence Address: M. Dahl; School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden; email: martin.dahl@sh.se; CODEN: STEVA","published":[{"raw":"2025-02-06T12:20:57.506+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-02-06T12:20:57.567+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-10-07T16:09:54.154+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-56351"},{"id":"diva2:2009853","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"title":"In-situ measurements reveal alkalinity release from cold-temperate seagrass meadows","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Scott-Askin","given":"Samuel","ORCID":"0009-0008-5153-3428","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Santos","given":"Isaac R.","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Southern Cross University, Australia"}]},{"family":"Albert","given":"Gerli","ORCID":"0000-0002-4247-3012","localId":"geal24","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tartu, Estonia"},{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Asplund","given":"Maria E.","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Deyanova","given":"Diana","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Forsberg","given":"Sara C.","ORCID":"0000-0002-6260-776X","localId":"safo22","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Ricart","given":"Aurora M.","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ciències Del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Spain"}]},{"family":"Gullström","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0002-7552-2431","localId":"magx20","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Björk","given":"Mats","ORCID":"0000-0003-0363-110X","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Reithmaier","given":"Gloroa M. S.","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}]}],"abstract":"Understanding the carbon sequestration potential of blue carbon ecosystems is important to inform climate policies and to guide restoration and protection efforts. Alkalinity generation is an often overlooked carbon sequestration mechanism, especially in seagrass meadows. Here, we quantified total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes in two cold-temperate Zostera marina seagrass meadows in Sweden using 24-h in-situ chamber incubations at the end of the high-productivity season. The seagrass meadows were similar net sources of TA (16 ± 45 mmol m−2 d−1 in Smalsund, 17 ± 16 mmol m−2 d−1 in Bökevik), whereas DIC fluxes were highly variable (34 ± 59 mmol m−2 d−1 in Smalsund, −43 ± 35 mmol m−2 d−1 in Bökevik). Fluxes followed a diurnal cycle consistent with photosynthesis-respiration cycles. As a result, seagrass meadows ameliorated ocean acidification locally during the day, but not during the night. The large CO<inf>2</inf> uptake provided higher buffering levels compared to mangroves and saltmarshes. The TA fluxes were comparable to those reported for Mediterranean and tropical seagrass meadows, but 16-times lower than in mangrove forests and 5-times lower than in saltmarshes. Alkalinity generation in these cold-temperate seagrasses exceeded soil organic carbon stocks accumulation by fourfold, potentially contributing to their carbon sequestration potential and warranting inclusion in seagrass meadow carbon budgets.","DOI":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109550","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-105016853613","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-58333","volume":"326","number":"109550","container-title":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","ISSN":"1096-0015","keyword":"Benthic chamber; Blue carbon; Coastal carbon; Eelgrass; Porewater; Primary production; alkalinity; carbon sequestration; dissolved inorganic carbon; meadow; ocean acidification; seagrass meadow; Sweden","publisher":"Elsevier","published":[{"raw":"2025-10-29T09:39:00.000+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-10-29T09:39:02.619+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-10-29T12:40:34.093+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-58333"},{"id":"diva2:1980178","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"title":"Shallow Coastal Bays as Sediment Carbon and Nutrient Reservoirs in the Baltic Sea","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Gubri","given":"B.","ORCID":"0009-0002-7792-8387","affiliation":[{"name":"Åbo Akademi University, Finland; Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Hansen","given":"J. P.","ORCID":"0000-0001-9179-4499","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Wikström","given":"S. A.","ORCID":"0000-0003-3508-2109","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Snickars","given":"M.","ORCID":"0000-0001-9168-7474","affiliation":[{"name":"Åbo Akademi University, Finland"}]},{"family":"Dahl","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0003-2016-4857","localId":"mada21","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Gullström","given":"Martin","ORCID":"0000-0002-7552-2431","localId":"magx20","affiliation":[{"id":"11837","name":"Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap"}]},{"family":"Rydin","given":"E.","ORCID":"0000-0002-2566-8547","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm Univeristy, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Masqué","given":"P.","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University, Australia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco"}]},{"family":"Garbaras","given":"A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-3105-8059","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Lithuania"}]},{"family":"Björk","given":"M.","ORCID":"0000-0003-0363-110X","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"family":"Boström","given":"C.","ORCID":"0000-0003-2845-8331","affiliation":[{"name":"Åbo Akademi University, Finland"}]}],"abstract":"Coastal vegetated ecosystems are being increasingly recognized for their capacity to capture carbon, provide long-term biogenic storage, and alleviate nutrient pollution. To assess the ability of shallow, vegetated coastal bays to function as blue carbon and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) sinks, we collected sediment cores in nine shallow enclosed bays (representative of the EU Habitats 1153 and 1154) in the archipelago areas of Sweden (Stockholm), Åland Island, and southwestern Finland. Our study showed strong uniformity of carbon and nutrient storage, substantial accumulation of carbon and nutrients, and minimal regional differences in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sediment stocks. These findings are noteworthy given the large area (142 km2) the shallow enclosed bays cover and the multiple important ecosystem services they provide in the northern Baltic Sea seascape. An initial first-order estimate for the shallow bay ecosystems across the study region indicates that these ecosystems potentially store 84,000 to 430,000 t organic carbon over the top 25 cm sediment. The positive correlation between carbon and nitrogen stocks, and the potentially organically bound nature of phosphorus in sediment, suggests that climate regulation services can be managed in unison with nutrient management efforts. The findings, also considering the consistent pattern of slow sedimentation and accumulation, underscore the importance of protecting shallow coastal bays as carbon and nutrient sinks in the Baltic Sea region.","DOI":"10.1007/s12237-025-01541-0","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-105008772520","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57737","issue":"5","volume":"48","number":"136","container-title":"Estuaries and Coasts","ISSN":"1559-2731","keyword":"Blue carbon; Carbon and nutrient sinks; Sedimentary stocks; Sequestration rates; Shallow enclosed bays; Atlantic Ocean; Baltic Sea; Finland; Stockholm; archipelago; bay; carbon sequestration; carbon sink; coastal zone; ecosystem service; nutrient; organic carbon; sedimentary rock; sedimentation rate","publisher":"Springer Nature","published":[{"raw":"2025-07-01T15:37:00.000+02:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-07-01T15:37:02.010+02:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-10-07T15:51:58.711+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57737"}],"links":[{"type":"pid","link":"https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/api/project/swecris/project:2991"}]}]