This article examines the activities of the Swedish Israel Mission (SIM) in Nazi-controlled Vienna, exploring its shift from evangelism to rescue efforts. SIM collaborated with the Swedish Missionary Society to aid Jews and Christians of Jewish heritage fleeing Austria. Central to this study is Göte Hedenquist, a Swedish pastor, who was active at SIM’s headquarters in Vienna from 1936 to 1940. The paper explores how Hedenquist’s actions have been interpreted by himself and others in both public and scholarly discourse. The findings offer new perspectives on the motivations andmoral choices of religious leaders during the Holocaust.