The fourth edition of World Englishes provides an engaging overview of the global variations in phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and pragmatics of English as it is used world-wide. This book introduces the principles of linguistic variation and provides coverage on the roots of English, the spread of English, variations of English as a second language, and trends for the future.

Thoroughly updated throughout in line with recent research, this new edition includes:

• Updated online support material including 58 audio examples of speakers of native (25) and of non-native (33) English reflecting the global variety of the language, available to download
• New sections on recent models of World Englishes and on vocabulary management dealing with inclusive language
• Improved and updated descriptions of foreign-language varieties, now including Arabic and Spanish English
• Additional exercises for the accompanying audio files and new reflective questions online

Offering a thorough and detailed descriptive account of all the main varieties of English across the globe, World Englishes also provides a balanced discussion of political issues and the sociolinguistic background to variation in English, spoken and written, face-to-face, on paper and online, in the twenty-first century. This book is essential reading for students approaching this topic for the first time.

This entry deals with pulmonic ingressive speech, or speaking while inhaling, a phenomenon that occurs in several varieties of English. The entry provides an overview of its distribution among world Englishes. It also addresses the somewhat shaky nature of available evidence, which so far has consisted mainly of written claims and reported observations. This entry therefore summarizes currently available objective evidence in the form of audio and audiovisual recordings. This not only covers those regions and varieties of English where ingressive speech is most frequently encountered, but also includes a number of more peripheral ones.