Change search
Link to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Publications (10 of 57) Show all publications
Anamaghi, S., Behboudian, M., Emami-Skardi, M. J., Kåresdotter, E., Ferreira, C. S., Destouni, G., . . . Kalantari, Z. (2026). Research efforts and gaps in the assessment of forest system resilience: A scoping review. Ambio, 55, 479-496
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Research efforts and gaps in the assessment of forest system resilience: A scoping review
Show others...
2026 (English)In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 55, p. 479-496Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study investigates how the seven core resilience principles are integrated into assessments of forest system resilience to natural or human-induced disturbances across engineering, ecological, and social-ecological resilience concepts. Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search in the Web of Science database using the keywords “resilience”, “forest” and “ecosystem services” yielded 1828 studies, of which 330 met the selection criteria. The most commonly used criterion was diversity, a sub-criterion of “diversity and redundancy”, appearing in 50% of studies. The results indicate that social and governance-related principles, learning and experimentation (7%), participation (11%), and polycentric governance (9%) have not been frequently addressed. Although numerous studies have employed various principles for assessing forest resilience, none have considered all seven principles jointly. This highlights a significant research gap, emphasising the need to quantify these principles in forest systems. Understanding forest-community dynamics is essential for enhancing the long-term resilience and sustainability of both systems.

Keywords
Ecological resilience, Ecosystem services, Engineering resilience, Forest, Resilience principles, Social-ecological resilience
National Category
Physical Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-247493 (URN)10.1007/s13280-025-02243-4 (DOI)001567654300001 ()40931284 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-105015392745 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-09-25 Created: 2025-09-25 Last updated: 2026-03-25Bibliographically approved
Hahn, T. & Fetzer, I. (2026). Sveriges koldioxidbudget och 1,5-gradersmålet. Stockholm: Stockholm University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sveriges koldioxidbudget och 1,5-gradersmålet
2026 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna rapport är att uppskatta Sveriges ansvar för Parisavtalet. Nationell fördelning av den återstående globala koldioxidbudgeten kräver antaganden om rättvisa, till exempel, bör man fördela budgeten lika per person eller bör industriländerna ta ett större ansvar? Bör man beakta historiska utsläpp, i så fall hur långt tillbaka?

Rapportens huvudresultat är att Sveriges ansvar för 1,5-gradersmålet begränsas till att uppnå redan beslutade nationella klimatmål, inklusive etappmål, samt att bidra till finansiering av utsläppsminskningar i utvecklingsländer. Sådant ”klimatbistånd” motiveras av Parisavtalets Artikel 9 och kan ses som att Sverige behöver köpa utsläppsrätter för att kompensera för koldioxidbudgetens övertrassering. Huruvida Sverige utöver detta vill visa klimatledarskap och ta ansvar för den globala övertrasseringen är en politisk fråga.

Tolkningen av begreppet rättvisa är ingen trivial fråga. Parisavtalet anger att varje land ska minska sina framtida utsläpp så mycket som möjligt utifrån sina förutsättningar, själva besluta om klimatmål och kommunicera dessa. I vårt huvudscenario utgår vi från detta, dvs att alla länder har en moralisk skyldighet att uppnå de klimatmål som de själva har beslutat. Parisavtalet betonar att länder har ett gemensamt men differentierat ansvar och kapacitet. Detta betyder att utvecklade länder har ett kollektivt ansvar, både att minska utsläppen snabbare (Artikel 4) samt att finansiera utsläppsminskningar och klimatanpassning i utvecklingsländer (Artikel 9). Vår metod bryter ned detta kollektiva ansvar till ett nationellt ansvar, baserat på beräkningar utifrån en vanlig rättviseprincip – jämlika utsläpp per person över tid. På så vis beräknar vi Sveriges rättvisa fossila koldioxidbudget med hänsyn till koldioxidskulden från 1990. Metodiken beräknar vilka länder som har ett additionellt ansvar, utöver att nå sina egna klimatmål. Syftet är att tydliggöra gällande regelverk, dvs Parisavtalet, med hjälp av beräkningar utifrån rättviseprinciper.

Metodiken för huvudresultaten är hämtad från internationella beräkningar i en artikel som publicerats i Nature Communications (Hahn m. fl. 2024). Vi uppskattar den återstående globala fossila koldioxidbudgeten för 1,5 grader (50% sannolikhet) från 2023 till 225 miljarder ton. Om alla länder följer sina klimatplaner så beräknas framtida utsläpp bli ca 800 miljarder ton vilket innebär 575 miljarder ton övertrassering av den globala budgeten. Jämlikt fördelat över jordens framtida befolkning blir Sveriges koldioxidbudget 280 miljoner ton. Om Sverige klarar sina klimatmål inklusive etappmål kan utsläppen fram till 2045 beräknas till 382 miljoner ton koldioxid, dvs 102 miljoner ton framtida övertrassering av budgeten. Koldioxidskulden 1990-2022 beräknas till 309 miljoner ton, vilket ger en total övertrassering på 411 miljoner ton koldioxid, om budgeten utgår från 1990. Sveriges koldioxidbudget från 1990 tog slut år 2022. Med framtida beräknade utsläpp kommer budgeten övertrasseras med ca 25%.

Beräkningarna av koldioxidskuld, budget och övertrassering baseras på metoden jämlika ackumulerade utsläpp per person. I nästa steg analyserar vi Sveriges ansvar för den globala övertrasseringen och beaktar Parisavtalet. Då blir resultatet att Sverige, utöver att nå sina egna klimatmål, inte har något additionellt ansvar för den globala övertrasseringen men i stället ska finansiera åtgärder i utvecklingsländer. Hur kan det komma sig? Med vår metod kompenseras Sveriges övertrassering av att många utvecklingsländer planerar för mindre utsläpp än vad som medges av en jämlik fördelning av utsläppskvoter. Parisavtalet hanterar denna ojämlikhet bland annat genom att ge utvecklade länder ansvar att finansiera åtgärder i utvecklingsländer (Artikel 9). Man kan kalla detta för klimatbistånd eller se det som att Sverige behöver köpa utsläppsrätter, dvs ersätta de länder som har kompenserat för Sveriges övertrassering. Många utvecklingsländer planerar att, i enlighet med Artikel 9, få klimatbistånd för att nå sina mål. Ett möjligt mål för Sveriges klimatbistånd är att det ska ses som kompensation för att eliminera Sveriges övertrassering (411 miljoner ton). Sådan finansiering bidrar inte nödvändigtvis till additionella globala utsläppsminskningar eftersom de i huvudsak ändå var planerade.

Att begränsa framtida utsläpp till 382 miljoner ton kräver kraftfulla utsläppsminskningar i närtid, vilket är utmanande med tanke på att de fossila koldioxidutsläppen ökade med 4% under 2024 (de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser ökade ännu mer). Ett trendbrott enligt Klimatpolitiska rådet som fastslår att den nuvarande klimatpolitiken inte räcker för att nå varken Sveriges klimatmål eller EU-åtaganden till 2030. Om etappmålen inte nås blir de ackumulerade utsläppen större än 382 miljoner ton, även om nettonoll skulle nås 2045. Varje år som utsläppen inte minskar enligt plan innebär en mindre budget för kommande regeringar.

Parisavtalet betonar även kapacitet vilket ger ett extra ansvar för länder som Sverige och Schweiz, med stor ekonomisk kapacitet men relativt liten övertrassering per person. Som exempel skulle det kosta 17 miljarder kr per år i 50 år för Sverige att genom additionella utsläppsminskningar i Sverige eller utomlands, samt avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid, ta ansvar för en promille (575 Mton) av den globala övertrasseringen. Två promille kostar 34 miljarder. Sveriges befolkning är drygt en promille av världens och vår BNP är en procent av OECD:s. Som jämförelse kan nämnas att Sveriges försvarsbudget har ökat från 92 miljarder 2023 till 148 miljarder 2025 och 175 miljarder 2026. I vilken mån Sverige bör ta klimatledarskap är en politisk fråga. Forskning visar att folklig acceptans för mer stringenta och långsiktiga klimatpolitiska åtgärder redan finns.

Med mer ambitiösa utsläppsminskningar och stora investeringar i avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid kan 1,5-gradersmålet fortfarande nås år 2100, med tillfälligt högre temperaturer under detta sekel och till en lägre kostnad än världens militärutgifter. Varje tiondels grad räknas, därför ska vi inte ge upp även om temperaturen kommer att fortsätta stiga ännu ett tag.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2026. p. 20
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-252663 (URN)
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental ResearchSwedish Research Council Formas
Available from: 2026-02-18 Created: 2026-02-18 Last updated: 2026-03-16Bibliographically approved
Pranindita, A., Teuling, A. J., Fetzer, I. & Wang-Erlandsson, L. (2025). Forests support global crop supply through atmospheric moisture transport. Nature Water, 3, 1243-1255
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Forests support global crop supply through atmospheric moisture transport
2025 (English)In: Nature Water, E-ISSN 2731-6084, Vol. 3, p. 1243-1255Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Anomalous precipitation patterns associated with climate change increasingly threaten global crop supply. Forests, as major moisture source, could potentially buffer these risks, yet their specific role in sustaining agriculture and global crop supply remains underexplored. We investigate global forests’ contribution to crop production and export by estimating moisture flows from forests to agricultural areas and pairing them with traded crop flows. We find that agricultural areas in 155 countries rely on transboundary forests for up to 40% of annual precipitation, whereas in 105 countries, as much as 18% of precipitation is recycled from forests nationally. Moisture from forests globally supports 18% of crop production and 30% of crop export studied. We show that crop producers, exporters and importers are directly and indirectly dependent on upwind forested countries through three typologies. Our study implies that strategically conserving forests located upwind of agricultural areas could be leveraged to safeguard global crop supply.

National Category
Agricultural Science Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-249134 (URN)10.1038/s44221-025-00518-4 (DOI)001598737000001 ()2-s2.0-105019526224 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-11-11 Created: 2025-11-11 Last updated: 2026-03-20Bibliographically approved
Nyasulu, M. K., Fetzer, I., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Stenzel, F., Gerten, D., Rockström, J. & Falkenmark, M. (2024). African rainforest moisture contribution to continental agricultural water consumption. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 346, Article ID 109867.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>African rainforest moisture contribution to continental agricultural water consumption
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, ISSN 0168-1923, E-ISSN 1873-2240, Vol. 346, article id 109867Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Precipitation is essential for food production in Sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 80 % of agriculture is rainfed. Although ∼40 % of precipitation in certain regions is recycled moisture from Africa's tropical rainforest, there needs to be more knowledge about how this moisture supports the continent's agriculture. In this study, we quantify all moisture sources for agrarian precipitation (African agricultural precipitationshed), the estimates of African rainforest's moisture contribution to agricultural precipitation, and the evaporation from agricultural land across the continent. Applying a moisture tracking model (UTRACK) and a dynamic global vegetation model (LPJmL), we find that the Congo rainforest (>60 % tree cover) is a crucial moisture source for many agricultural regions. Although most of the rainforest acreage is in the DRC, many neighboring nations rely significantly on rainforest moisture for their rainfed agriculture, and even in remote places, rainforest moisture accounts for ∼10–20 % of agricultural water use. Given continuous deforestation and climate change, which impact rainforest areas and resilience, more robust governance for conserving the Congo rainforest is necessary to ensure future food production across multiple Sub-Saharan African countries.

Keywords
Moisture recycling, Tropical rainforest, Green water, Agricultural production, Africa
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Forest Science
Research subject
Sustainability Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-226779 (URN)10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109867 (DOI)001154965500001 ()2-s2.0-85181965442 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2017-01033
Available from: 2024-02-19 Created: 2024-02-19 Last updated: 2025-01-31Bibliographically approved
Tobian, A., Gerten, D., Fetzer, I., Schaphoff, S., Andersen, L. S., Cornell, S. E. & Rockström, J. (2024). Climate change critically affects the status of the land-system change planetary boundary. Environmental Research Letters, 19(5), Article ID 054060.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Climate change critically affects the status of the land-system change planetary boundary
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Environmental Research Letters, E-ISSN 1748-9326, Vol. 19, no 5, article id 054060Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity. To date, these boundaries have mostly been investigated separately, and it is unclear whether breaching one boundary can lead to the transgression of another. By employing a dynamic global vegetation model, we systematically simulate the strength and direction of the effects of different transgression levels of the climate change boundary (using climate output from ten phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models for CO2 levels ranging from 350 ppm to 1000 ppm). We focus on climate change-induced shifts of Earth's major forest biomes, the control variable for the land-system change boundary, both by the end of this century and, to account for the long-term legacy effect, by the end of the millennium. Our simulations show that while staying within the 350 ppm climate change boundary co-stabilizes the land-system change boundary, breaching it (>450 ppm) leads to critical transgression of the latter, with greater severity the higher the ppm level rises and the more time passes. Specifically, this involves a poleward treeline shift, boreal forest dieback (nearly completely within its current area under extreme climate scenarios), competitive expansion of temperate forest into today's boreal zone, and a slight tropical forest extension. These interacting changes also affect other planetary boundaries (freshwater change and biosphere integrity) and provide feedback to the climate change boundary itself. Our quantitative process-based study highlights the need for interactions to be studied for a systemic operationalization of the planetary boundaries framework.

Keywords
planetary boundaries, climate change, biome shifts, Earth system interactions, biosphere feedbacks
National Category
Climate Science Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-229366 (URN)10.1088/1748-9326/ad40c2 (DOI)001215909800001 ()2-s2.0-85193034536 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-05-23 Created: 2024-05-23 Last updated: 2025-02-01Bibliographically approved
Hahn, T., Morfeldt, J., Höglund, R., Karlsson, M. & Fetzer, I. (2024). Estimating countries’ additional carbon accountability for closing the mitigation gap based on past and future emissions. Nature Communications, 15, Article ID 9707.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Estimating countries’ additional carbon accountability for closing the mitigation gap based on past and future emissions
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 15, article id 9707Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Quantifying fair national shares of the remaining global carbon budget has proven challenging. Here, we propose an indicator—additional carbon accountability—that quantifies countries’ responsibility for mitigation and CO2 removal in addition to achieving their own targets. Considering carbon debts since 1990 and future claims based on countries’ emission pathways, the indicator uses an equal cumulative per capita emissions approach to allocate accountability for closing the mitigation gap among countries with a positive total excessive carbon claim. The carbon budget is exceeded by 576 Gigatonnes of fossil CO2 when limiting warming below 1.5 °C (50% probability). Additional carbon accountability is highest for the United States and China, and highest per capita for the United Arab Emirates and Russia. Assumptions on carbon debts strongly impact the results for most countries. The ability to pay for this accountability is challenging for Iran, Kazakhstan and several BRICS+ members, in contrast to the G7 members.

National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-240732 (URN)10.1038/s41467-024-54039-x (DOI)001352369200007 ()39521762 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85209483787 (Scopus ID)
Note

For correction, see: Nat Commun 15, 10691 (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55438-w

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-12Bibliographically approved
Knecht, N., Fetzer, I. & Rocha, J. (2024). Global terrestrial ecosystem resilience: a high-resolution multivariate analysis of patterns and drivers. In: EGU General Assembly 2024: . Paper presented at EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria & Online, 14-19 April, 2024. Göttingen: Copernicus Publications, Article ID EGU24-12856.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Global terrestrial ecosystem resilience: a high-resolution multivariate analysis of patterns and drivers
2024 (English)In: EGU General Assembly 2024, Göttingen: Copernicus Publications, 2024, article id EGU24-12856Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Natural terrestrial ecosystems in different parts of the world have been losing resilience in the past decades. Such losses of resilience can be the precursors for regime shifts on local or regional scales that can have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function as well as nature’s contributions to people. Drivers of resilience loss include mainly changes in the mean and variability of temperature and precipitation, and anthropogenic land modifications of adjacent or remote ecosystems.

Global assessments of ecosystem resilience often exclude areas with direct anthropogenic land use changes and focus instead on remnant natural ecosystems. However, for regional stakeholders it is important to understand how land-use and zoning decisions may affect the resilience of remaining ecosystems and the risk of critical transitions.

In this study, we conduct a high-resolution global assessment of terrestrial ecosystem resilience losses, using time series of multiple remotely-sensed ecosystem indicators, and employing a range of early warning signals. We also evaluate the importance of different climatic and anthropogenic drivers at a local scale of administrative units in causing the detected changes in resilience. This allows us to get a comprehensive and robust understanding of different dimensions of change in global ecosystem resilience and their locally relevant drivers of change.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Göttingen: Copernicus Publications, 2024
National Category
Multidisciplinary Geosciences Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-250187 (URN)10.5194/egusphere-egu24-12856 (DOI)
Conference
EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria & Online, 14-19 April, 2024
Available from: 2025-12-05 Created: 2025-12-05 Last updated: 2025-12-05Bibliographically approved
Chaplin-Kramer, R., Polasky, S., Alkemade, R., Burgess, N. D., Cheung, W. W. L., Fetzer, I., . . . Pereira, H. M. (2024). Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda. Global Environmental Change, 88, Article ID 102891.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Global Environmental Change, ISSN 0959-3780, E-ISSN 1872-9495, Vol. 88, article id 102891Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Integrated assessment models that incorporate biodiversity and ecosystem services could be an important tool for improving our understanding of interconnected social-economic-ecological systems, and for analyzing how policy alternatives can shift future trajectories towards more sustainable development. Despite recent scientific and technological advances, key gaps remain in the scientific community’s ability to deliver information to decision-makers at the pace and scale needed to address sustainability challenges. We identify five research frontiers for integrated social-economic-ecological modeling (primarily focused on terrestrial systems) to incorporate biodiversity and ecosystem services: 1) downscaling impacts of direct and indirect drivers on ecosystems; 2) incorporating feedbacks in ecosystems; 3) linking ecological impacts to human well-being, 4) disaggregating outcomes for distributional equity considerations, and 5) incorporating dynamic feedbacks of ecosystem services on the social-economic system. We discuss progress and challenges along each of these five frontiers and the science-policy linkages needed to move new research and information into action.

Keywords
Biodiversity, Climate change, Ecosystem services, Integrated assessment modeling, Land-use change, Sustainable development
National Category
Enviromental Studies in Social Sciences Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-237903 (URN)10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102891 (DOI)001295978500001 ()2-s2.0-85200967222 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-01-15 Created: 2025-01-15 Last updated: 2025-01-15Bibliographically approved
Singh, C., Van Der Ent, R., Fetzer, I. & Wang-Erlandsson, L. (2024). Multi-fold increase in rainforest tipping risk beyond 1.5–2 °C warming. Earth System Dynamics, 15(6), 1543-1565
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multi-fold increase in rainforest tipping risk beyond 1.5–2 °C warming
2024 (English)In: Earth System Dynamics, ISSN 2190-4979, E-ISSN 2190-4987, Vol. 15, no 6, p. 1543-1565Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Tropical rainforests rely on their root systems to access moisture stored in soil during wet periods for use during dry periods. When this root zone soil moisture is inadequate to sustain a forest ecosystem, they transition to a savanna-like state, losing their native structure and functions. Yet the influence of climate change on ecosystem's root zone soil moisture storage and the impact on rainforest ecosystems remain uncertain. This study assesses the future state of rainforests and the risk of forest-to-savanna transitions in South America and Africa under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). Using a mass-balance-based empirical understanding of root zone storage capacity (Sr), defined as the maximum volume of root zone soil moisture per unit area accessible to vegetation's roots for transpiration, we project how rainforest ecosystems will respond to future climate changes. We find that under the end-of-the-21st-century climate, nearly one-third of the total forest area will be influenced by climate change. As the climate warms, forests will require a larger Sr than they do under the current climate to sustain their ecosystem structure and functions, making them more susceptible to water limitations. Furthermore, warming beyond 1.5–2 °C will significantly elevate the risk of a forest–savanna transition. In the Amazon, the forest area at risk of such a transition grows by about 1.7–5.8 times in size compared to the immediate lower-warming scenario (e.g. SSP2-4.5 compared to SSP1-2.6). In contrast, the risk growth in the Congo is less substantial, ranging from 0.7–1.7 times. These insights underscore the urgent need to limit the rise in global surface temperature below the Paris Agreement to conserve rainforest ecosystems and associated ecosystem services.

National Category
Ecology Climate Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-240655 (URN)10.5194/esd-15-1543-2024 (DOI)001370170700001 ()2-s2.0-85211643318 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-03-14 Created: 2025-03-14 Last updated: 2025-03-14Bibliographically approved
Porkka, M., Virkki, V., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Gerten, D., Gleeson, T., Mohan, C., . . . Kummu, M. (2024). Notable shifts beyond pre-industrial streamflow and soil moisture conditions transgress the planetary boundary for freshwater change. Nature Water, 2(3), 262-273
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Notable shifts beyond pre-industrial streamflow and soil moisture conditions transgress the planetary boundary for freshwater change
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Nature Water, E-ISSN 2731-6084, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 262-273Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Human actions compromise the many life-supporting functions provided by the freshwater cycle. Yet, scientific understanding of anthropogenic freshwater change and its long-term evolution is limited. Here, using a multi-model ensemble of global hydrological models, we estimate how, over a 145-year industrial period (1861–2005), streamflow and soil moisture have deviated from pre-industrial baseline conditions (defined by 5th–95th percentiles, at 0.5° grid level and monthly timestep over 1661–1860). Comparing the two periods, we find an increased frequency of local deviations on ~45% of land area, mainly in regions under heavy direct or indirect human pressures. To estimate humanity’s aggregate impact on these two important elements of the freshwater cycle, we present the evolution of deviation occurrence at regional to global scales. Annually, local streamflow and soil moisture deviations now occur on 18.2% and 15.8% of global land area, respectively, which is 8.0 and 4.7 percentage points beyond the ~3 percentage point wide pre-industrial variability envelope. Our results signify a substantial shift from pre-industrial streamflow and soil moisture reference conditions to persistently increasing change. This indicates a transgression of the new planetary boundary for freshwater change, which is defined and quantified using our approach, calling for urgent actions to reduce human disturbance of the freshwater cycle.

National Category
Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-250223 (URN)10.1038/s44221-024-00208-7 (DOI)001390111700007 ()2-s2.0-85190836208 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-12-08 Created: 2025-12-08 Last updated: 2025-12-15Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-7335-5679

Search in DiVA

Show all publications