Change search
Link to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Riad, Tomas, professorORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-3121-9104
Alternative names
Publications (10 of 110) Show all publications
Zora, H., Bowin, H., Heldner, M., Riad, T. & Hagoort, P. (2025). Lexical and Information Structure Functions of Prosody and Their Relevance for Spoken Communication: Evidence from Psychometric and Electroencephalographic Data. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 37(10), 1633-1665
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lexical and Information Structure Functions of Prosody and Their Relevance for Spoken Communication: Evidence from Psychometric and Electroencephalographic Data
Show others...
2025 (English)In: Journal of cognitive neuroscience, ISSN 0898-929X, E-ISSN 1530-8898, Vol. 37, no 10, p. 1633-1665Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Prosody not only distinguishes “lexical” meaning but also plays a key role in information packaging by highlighting the most relevant constituent of the discourse, namely, “focus” information. The present study investigated the role of lexical and focus functions of prosody in the coherent interpretation of linguistic input. To this end, we manipulated the correctness of prosodic markers in the context and scrutinized how listeners evaluate these violations—whether they result in lexical or focus anomalies—using psychometric and EEG measures. Psychometric data from 40 participants indicated that prosodic violations were judged as incorrect by the listeners both at the lexical and focus levels, with focus level violations leading to lower correctness scores than lexical level violations, and combined violations receiving the lowest scores. EEG data from 20 participants documented a strong N400 effect (350–550 msec) in response to combined violations, and a late posterior negativity (600–900 msec) present only for combined violations and focus-level violations. Consistent with the psychometric data, the EEG data suggest that prosodic violations at the focus level result in higher costs for comprehension than prosodic violations at the lexical level, whereas combined prosodic violations most significantly disrupt the interpretation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the language comprehension system is sensitive to accurate representations of both lexical and information structure prosody, and benefits from the interaction between them; however, they are weighted differently based on their relevance for a functioning spoken communication.

National Category
Comparative Language Studies and Linguistics
Research subject
Phonetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-243278 (URN)10.1162/jocn_a_02334 (DOI)001565407300005 ()40202187 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-105014645840 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-05-21 Created: 2025-05-21 Last updated: 2025-10-03Bibliographically approved
Gussenhoven, C. & Riad, T. (2025). Suprasegmental phenomena in Germanic: structural and functional interactions with word stress. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedias: . Oxford: Oxford University Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Suprasegmental phenomena in Germanic: structural and functional interactions with word stress
2025 (English)In: Oxford Research Encyclopedias, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2025Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Word stress is a rhythm-inspired foot structure of major-class words. Germanic feet developed from stem-based trochees, which are headed by an initial heavy syllable. The complexity in the manifestation of a word’s foot structure decreases from English via Dutch and German to Scandinavian. This is first seen in the four-way contrast among disyllables in English, which may have two stressed syllables, with primary stress either on the first or last and secondary stress or no stress on the other syllable. Only a two-way contrast is available in Dutch, German, and peninsular Scandinavian, due to a ban on adjacent stressed syllables, while the initial stress of Icelandic (and Faroese) leaves only one prosodic pattern, excluding recent loans. English, Dutch, and German distinguish primary and secondary stresses, while Scandinavian admits only one stress per prosodic word. This prosodic complexity gradient is reflected in the pitch accent distribution at the word level, most noticeably reflected in the effects of the Rhythm Rule, which are frequent in English and absent in Scandinavian. Additional features whose distribution relates to stress are the stød in Danish and the tone contrasts in Franconian and peninsular Scandinavian. In all the languages except Icelandic and Faroese, foot structure is intimately involved in morphological formations, in unison with segmental effects. These are explained by affix subcategorizations and prosodic annotations, either as inherent properties of the affix (e.g., pre-accenting) or as requirements made by the affix on the base (e.g., posttonic), while affix orderings are explained by level-ordered lexical phonology. The difference between (primary and secondary) stressed syllables and unstressed syllables plays a central role in word detection in English language processing.

 

Word stress is a rhythm-inspired foot structure of major-class words. Germanic feet developed from stem-based trochees, which are headed by an initial heavy syllable. The complexity in the manifestation of a word’s foot structure decreases from English via Dutch and German to Scandinavian. This is first seen in the four-way contrast among disyllables in English, which may have two stressed syllables, with primary stress either on the first or last and secondary stress or no stress on the other syllable. Only a two-way contrast is available in Dutch, German, and peninsular Scandinavian, due to a ban on adjacent stressed syllables, while the initial stress of Icelandic (and Faroese) leaves only one prosodic pattern, excluding recent loans. English, Dutch, and German distinguish primary and secondary stresses, while Scandinavian admits only one stress per prosodic word. This prosodic complexity gradient is reflected in the pitch accent distribution at the word level, most noticeably reflected in the effects of the Rhythm Rule, which are frequent in English and absent in Scandinavian. Additional features whose distribution relates to stress are the stød in Danish and the tone contrasts in Franconian and peninsular Scandinavian. In all the languages except Icelandic and Faroese, foot structure is intimately involved in morphological formations, in unison with segmental effects. These are explained by affix subcategorizations and prosodic annotations, either as inherent properties of the affix (e.g., pre-accenting) or as requirements made by the affix on the base (e.g., posttonic), while affix orderings are explained by level-ordered lexical phonology. The difference between (primary and secondary) stressed syllables and unstressed syllables plays a central role in word detection in English language processing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2025
Keywords
primary stress, secondary stress, accent, unstressed, pitch accent, intonation, compound
National Category
Comparative Language Studies and Linguistics
Research subject
Linguistics; Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-244767 (URN)10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.966 (DOI)
Available from: 2025-06-28 Created: 2025-06-28 Last updated: 2025-08-18Bibliographically approved
Riad, T. (2025). The explananda in North Germanic Tonogenesis. Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo", 57(1-2), 841-857
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The explananda in North Germanic Tonogenesis
2025 (English)In: Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo", ISSN 0582-6152, Vol. 57, no 1-2, p. 841-857Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The article discusses two explananda relating to tonogenesis in North Germanic: A) the origin of a tonal representation, B) the origin of a lexical distinction. Tradition has largely focused on B before A. I elucidate the assumptions of the B > A hypothesis and argue that it fails to properly address the phonologization of lexical tones. The alternative hypothesis, A > B, primarily looks to account for the phonologization of lexical tone (i.e., A). The mechanism assumed is the same as is active today: reduction of secondary stress in the word-internal clash context with attendant reanalysis of a postlexical tone as lexical. A prosodic postlexical rule —present in all dialects today— assigns the word tone of accent 2, which subsequently becomes lexicalized in a morpheme by morpheme manner. The developments of a postposed definite article and epenthetic vowels, processes that are always mentioned as instrumental in demonstrating the lexical distinction (B) do not directly bear on tonogenesis as such. The result is that A is the first explanandum.

Keywords
accent, diachrony, Germanic, Scandinavian, North Germanic
National Category
Humanities and the Arts
Research subject
Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-244761 (URN)10.1387/asju.25974 (DOI)
Available from: 2025-06-28 Created: 2025-06-28 Last updated: 2025-10-01
Riad, T. (2024). Perspektiv på betydelser i SAOB. In: SAOB En jubileumsbok: (pp. 150-163). Stockholm: Svenska Akademien
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Perspektiv på betydelser i SAOB
2024 (Swedish)In: SAOB En jubileumsbok, Stockholm: Svenska Akademien , 2024, p. 150-163Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Svenska Akademien, 2024
National Category
Specific Languages
Research subject
Scandinavian Languages
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-234135 (URN)978-91-1-313587-8 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-10-09 Created: 2024-10-09 Last updated: 2024-10-09Bibliographically approved
Zora, H., Bowin, H., Heldner, M., Riad, T. & Hagoort, P. (2024). The role of pitch accent in discourse comprehension and the markedness of Accent 2 in Central Swedish. In: Proceedings Speech Prosody 2024: . Paper presented at Speech Prosody 2024, Leiden, The Netherlands, July 2-5, 2024 (pp. 921-925). Leiden: The International Speech Communication Association (ISCA)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The role of pitch accent in discourse comprehension and the markedness of Accent 2 in Central Swedish
Show others...
2024 (English)In: Proceedings Speech Prosody 2024, Leiden: The International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), 2024, p. 921-925Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In Swedish, words are associated with either of two pitch contours known as Accent 1 and Accent 2. Using a psychometric test, we investigated how listeners judge pitch accent violations while interpreting discourse. Forty native speakers of Central Swedish were presented with auditory dialogues, where test words were appropriately or inappropriately accented in a given context, and asked to judge the correctness of sentences containing the test words. Data indicated a statistically significant effect of wrong accent pattern on the correctness judgment. Both Accent 1 and Accent 2 violations interfered with the coherent interpretation of discourse and were judged as incorrect by the listeners. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the perceived correctness between the accent patterns. Accent 2 violations led to a lower correctness score compared to Accent 1 violations, indicating that the listeners were more sensitive to pitch accent violations in Accent 2 words than in Accent 1 words. This result is in line with the notion that Accent 2 is marked and lexically represented in Central Swedish. Taken together, these findings indicate that listeners use both Accent 1 and Accent 2 to arrive at the correct interpretation of the linguistic input, while assigning varying degrees of relevance to them depending on their markedness.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Leiden: The International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), 2024
National Category
Comparative Language Studies and Linguistics
Research subject
Phonetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-243404 (URN)10.21437/SpeechProsody.2024-186 (DOI)2-s2.0-105008057303 (Scopus ID)
Conference
Speech Prosody 2024, Leiden, The Netherlands, July 2-5, 2024
Available from: 2025-05-21 Created: 2025-05-21 Last updated: 2025-08-11Bibliographically approved
Lim Falk, M. & Riad, T. (2023). Explicit ordundervisning för andraspråkselever. Stockholm: Natur och kultur
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Explicit ordundervisning för andraspråkselever
2023 (Swedish)Book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Natur och kultur, 2023. p. 248
Keywords
ordinlärning
National Category
Pedagogy General Language Studies and Linguistics
Research subject
Education in Languages and Language Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-218748 (URN)9789127462243 (ISBN)
Available from: 2023-06-22 Created: 2023-06-22 Last updated: 2023-10-18Bibliographically approved
Riad, T. (2022). Grammatisk problemlösning, satsanalys och medvetandehöjande fonologi.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Grammatisk problemlösning, satsanalys och medvetandehöjande fonologi
2022 (Swedish)Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

Kompendiet har tre delar som anger tre huvudinriktningar. Den första delen handlar om satsanalys och frasanalys med stöd av scheman. Här lär du dig att systematiskt analysera svenskans meningsbyggnad med hjälp av satsschemat. Syntaktisk analys med satsschema är ett handfast sätt att koppla ihop vår språkliga intuition med konkret analys av satser och meningar. Schemat anger positioner för satsdelarna och positionernas ordning fungerar som stöd för analysen. När det uppstår frågor om olika satsdelar är det lätt att slå upp dem i de flesta grammatikböcker. Själva analyserandet och de olika test man kan använda för att identifiera satsdelars positioner har en medvetandehöjande effekt.

Den andra delen innehåller medvetandehöjande övningar riktade mot fonologi. Vår fonologiska kunskap är ofta omedveten, särskilt vad gäller prosodi (betoning, stavelseindelning, kvantitet, tonaccent, intonation). Samtidigt är det inte svårt att göra denna kunskap medveten med hjälp av enkla övningar. Det är vad du ägnar dig åt i del två.

Den tredje delen av kompendiet innehåller problemlösningsuppgifter. Genom att ägna dig åt grammatisk problemlösning blir du bra på att urskilja språkliga mönster. Grammatiken är till sin natur systematisk och det finns därför gott om mönster att upptäcka. Många av dem kan man läsa om i en grammatikbok men själva insikten om hur mönstren ser ut blir starkare och mer drabbande om man själv ådagalägger dem. Dessutom kan problemlösningsaktiviteten fungera som ett slag förberedelse för forskningsuppgifter. En annan poäng är att problemlösning gör det lättare att se vad som är regelbundet och vad som är oregelbundet i språket, vad som är generella mönster och vad som är mindre eller begränsade mönster.

Publisher
p. 120
National Category
Humanities and the Arts
Research subject
Scandinavian Languages
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-210987 (URN)
Available from: 2022-11-06 Created: 2022-11-06 Last updated: 2023-05-05
Riad, T. (2022). How Linguistic is Verse Meter?. In: Sho Akamine (Ed.), Proceedings of the Thirty-third Western Conference on Linguistics: Volume twenty-seven WECOL 2021. Paper presented at Thirty-third Western Conference on Linguistics, Fresno, USA, November 13 – 14, 2021 (pp. 118-133). Fresno: Department of Linguistics, California State University, 27
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How Linguistic is Verse Meter?
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the Thirty-third Western Conference on Linguistics: Volume twenty-seven WECOL 2021 / [ed] Sho Akamine, Fresno: Department of Linguistics, California State University , 2022, Vol. 27, p. 118-133Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In the linguistic study of poetic meter, it is common to assume that there are two simultaneous prosodicstructures present in the lines of verse. Most scholars will agree that one of these structures is the regularprosodic structure that comes with any utterance. Regarding the nature of the other, the one that constitutesthe verse meter, there are differences of opinion.The standard approach to meter that has been developed within the linguistic research tradition sincethe 60’s is known as generative metrics. Generative metrics assumes that verse meters are derived from auniversal set of abstract meters, alternatively composed of a universal set of metrical properties. The sourcefor the metrical structure is a module which is concerned specifically with meter (the ‘template generator’in Blumenfeld’s 2015 model, the ‘structure parameters’ in Hanson & Kiparsky’s 1996 model, the ‘gridconstruction rules’ in Fabb & Halle’s 2008 model). This module is able to produce abstract meters for alllanguages. In order for the abstract meters to work (and work well) in a given language, there are forcesthat help select suitable meters/properties from the universal set, as well as constraints that relate thelinguistic characteristics of the regular prosody of the language to the properties of the meter. In this way,the properties of dactylic hexameter in Classical Greek and in Modern Swedish, respectively, will bedifferent, and those differences will make sense in terms of the differing phonologies of the two languages.But the meters are ultimately the same, drawn from the universal module. For general outlines, see Hayes(1988), Hanson & Kiparsky (1996) and Blumenfeld (2016). When poetic text is produced, the modularorganisation crucially involves a matching between the regular prosodic structure that the text requires andthe meter. The purpose of the matching is to establish the relative well-formedness of lines and/or toexclude ill-formedness of lines. This judgement of the metricality of lines is much like the judgement ofgrammaticality of linguistic structures. I will refer to the standard approach as Universal GenerativeMetrics, or UGM for short.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Fresno: Department of Linguistics, California State University, 2022
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Research subject
Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-209289 (URN)
Conference
Thirty-third Western Conference on Linguistics, Fresno, USA, November 13 – 14, 2021
Available from: 2022-09-14 Created: 2022-09-14 Last updated: 2023-05-10Bibliographically approved
Lim Falk, M., Forsberg, J. & Riad, T. (2022). Litterarisering – bedömning av läsavkodning och automatisering. In: : . Paper presented at Svenskans beskrivning 38, Örebro, Sverige, maj 4-6, 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Litterarisering – bedömning av läsavkodning och automatisering
2022 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [sv]

Också efter flera år i svensk skola finns kvardröjande brister i grundläggande läs- och skrivförmåga hos en del nyanlända elever i gymnasieåldern. Inlärningskurvan planar uteftersom de inte tillägnat sig en automatiserad förmåga till läsavkodning. Litterariseringsprocessen innefattar färdigheterna lyssna, skriva, läsa och tala på kodnivån. Särskilt automatiseringen av läsavkodning utgör ett tydligt utbildningsbehov för denna elevgrupp. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur testning av läs- och höravkodningsförmåga, automatisering och flytläsning kan profilera behovet av litterariseringsundervisning bland nyanlända elever. Materialet består av tre test. Test 1 är skriftligt och baserat på höravkodning av nonord, dvs. regelbundet stavade ord som dock inte finns i språket (Grossman & Riad 2020). Den huvudsakliga uppgiften är att identifiera fonologiska och ortografiska kontraster. Test 2 är ett individuellt muntligt test baserat på läsavkodning. Eleverna läser enskilda ord och nonord högt på tid (tempoläsning). Test 3 innebär individuell högläsning av en skriven text och innehåller därmed en kombination av läsavkodning och talkodning. Högläsningen tillför en kvalitativ dimension (läsflyt) till den renare avkodningen i de andra två testen (Gough &Tunmer 1986, Elbro 2004). Testen utgör förtest i en pågående interventionsstudie, som ska följas av mellantest och eftertest. Tio klasser med totalt ca 180 nyanlända elever i gymnasieåldern gjorde förtesten i september 2021. Preliminära resultat pekar på att Test 1 och 2 samspelar och att distinktionen mellan ord och nonord ger olika utslag, sannolikt beroende på ordförrådets storlek. Detta påvisar vikten av undervisning på kodnivån för dessa elever.

Keywords
litterarisering, ämnesdidaktik, svenska som andraspråk, nyanlända
National Category
Specific Languages
Research subject
Teaching and Learning with Specialisation in the Humanities Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-204577 (URN)
Conference
Svenskans beskrivning 38, Örebro, Sverige, maj 4-6, 2022
Projects
Samtidig samverkan mellan forskare och lärare, Samsas
Available from: 2022-05-10 Created: 2022-05-10 Last updated: 2022-05-12Bibliographically approved
Lim Falk, M., Bani-Shoraka, H., Forsberg, J. & Riad, T. (2022). Litterarisering – lärares arbete med läsavkodning för automatisering i svaundervisningen. In: : . Paper presented at ASLA 2022, Stockholm, Sverige,april 7-8, 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Litterarisering – lärares arbete med läsavkodning för automatisering i svaundervisningen
2022 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [sv]

Projektet Samtidig samverkan mellan forskare och lärare syftar till att utveckla former och strategier för fördjupad samverkan mellan forskare och skollärare med målet att möta ett väldefinierat och konkret utbildningsbehov – i det här fallet litterarisering (läsavkodning på alfabetisk och ortografisk nivå) av nyanlända elever i gymnasieåldern. Projektet syftar också till att lägga grunden för en lösning på det identifierade utbildningsbehovet. Litterariseringsprocessen innefattar alla de fyra färdigheterna lyssna, skriva, läsa och tala på kodnivån. För denna elevgrupp innebär uppgiften att tillägna sig det svenska språkets ljudkategorier – kognitivt, perceptuellt och artikulatoriskt – och koppla dem till det svenska skriftsystemet och dess ortografiska kategorier. Det finns en koppling mellan elevernas behärskning av det svenska ljudsystemet och deras läsning som sällan tematiseras explicit i skolan eller lärarutbildningen, och det saknas utvecklade undervisningsmetoder för att uppnå tillräcklig automatisering av läsavkodningen. I föredraget fokuserar vi dels på hur den vetenskapliga kunskapen om språkets ljudstruktur och dess relation till skriftsystemet kan organiseras till en undervisningsmetod för litterarisering, dels på hur utvecklingen av lektionsmoment och arbetsmaterial kan ske som ett samtidigt samarbete mellan lärare och forskare. Materialet består av dokumentation (klassrumsobservationer, undervisningsmaterial, protokoll) av vår samverkansprocess och det utvecklingsarbete den har fört med sig. Vi presenterar också intryck från den första delen av en interventionsstudie där undervisningsmetoder och material utprövas. Elva månader in i det tvååriga samverkansprojektet visar preliminär analys 1) att en förutsättning för deltagande i undervisningsutveckling är att skolledning ger lärarna tid och resurser, både för konkret planering och för fortbildning där det behövs, 2) att det är ett relativt stort arbete för lärarna att skifta fokus från traditionell artikulationsundervisning respektive läsundervisning till litterariseringsundervisning, 3) att eleverna snabbt anammar både koncept och upplägg. Många visar tidigt en metaförståelse för varför litterariseringsundervisningen är viktig både för uttal och läsning.

Keywords
samverkan, didaktik, svenska som andraspråk, nyanlända, litterarisering
National Category
Didactics
Research subject
Didactic Science for Teachers and Teaching Professions
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-204578 (URN)
Conference
ASLA 2022, Stockholm, Sverige,april 7-8, 2022
Projects
Samtidig samverkan mellan forskare och lärare, Samsas
Available from: 2022-05-10 Created: 2022-05-10 Last updated: 2022-05-12Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-3121-9104

Search in DiVA

Show all publications