Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Work and Sleep - A Prospective Study of Psychosocial Work Factors, Physical Work Factors, and Work Scheduling
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stress Research Institute. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stress Research Institute.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stress Research Institute.
Show others and affiliations
2015 (English)In: Sleep, ISSN 0161-8105, E-ISSN 1550-9109, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 1129-1136Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Study Objectives: There is limited knowledge about the prospective relationship between major work characteristics (psychosocial, physical, scheduling) and disturbed sleep. The current study sought to provide such knowledge. Design: Prospective cohort, with measurements on two occasions (T1 and T2) separated by two years. Setting: Naturalistic study, Sweden. Participants: There were 4,827 participants forming a representative sample of the working population. Measurements and Results: Questionnaire data on work factors obtained on two occasions were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Competing models were compared in order to investigate temporal relationships. A reciprocal model was found to fit the data best. Sleep disturbances at T2 were predicted by higher work demands at T1 and by lower perceived stress at T1. In addition, sleep disturbances at T1 predicted subsequent higher perception of stress, higher work demands, lower degree of control, and less social support at work at T2. A cross-sectional mediation analysis showed that (higher) perceived stress mediated the relationship between (higher) work demands and sleep disturbances; however, no such association was found longitudinally. Conclusions: Higher work demands predicted disturbed sleep, whereas physical work characteristics, shift work, and overtime did not. In addition, disturbed sleep predicted subsequent higher work demands, perceived stress, less social support, and lower degree of control. The results suggest that remedial interventions against sleep disturbances should focus on psychosocial factors, and that such remedial interventions may improve the psychosocial work situation in the long run.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2015. Vol. 38, no 7, p. 1129-1136
Keywords [en]
control, cross-lagged, demand, long hours, longitudinal, physical work factors, shift work, sleep, stress, support
National Category
Psychology Neurosciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-123669DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4828ISI: 000358837000020OAI: oai:DiVA.org:su-123669DiVA, id: diva2:875754
Available from: 2015-12-01 Created: 2015-12-01 Last updated: 2022-09-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Work and sleep - what's stress got to do with it?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Work and sleep - what's stress got to do with it?
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Work may affect sleep by reducing the time available for recovery and, via work stress, by reducing sleep quality. Further, people experiencing sleep disturbance may be less resistant to work stress. These processes may lead to the development of a vicious cycle between work and sleep, in which stress has a central role.

Knowledge of the prospective relations between work, stress and sleep is limited, particularly from studies examining relationships from sleep to work stress and large-scale studies using objective measures of sleep.

Consequently, this thesis aims to analyse the prospective relations, including directions of effects, between work-related factors, in particular work stress, and self-rated and objective measures of sleep.

The first two studies used the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, with biennial self-rated measures of work-related factors (demands, control, support, stress, physical factors, scheduling) and sleep. We used structural equation models to analyse the direction of effects between work-related factors and sleep. The next two studies used the Swedish Retirement Study, a prospective study using self-reports and actigraphy, which followed people into retirement. We used multilevel modelling to analyse within-individual changes in sleep duration, timing and quality over three waves across retirement.

We observed prospective reciprocal relations between work stressors (demands, control and support), perceived stress and self-rated sleep quality. Work was associated with earlier timing of sleep and sleep deprivation of 30 minutes per night. Improvements in self-rated sleep quality after retirement were not accompanied by improvements in actigraph-measured sleep quality.

In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that work, stress and sleep form a vicious cycle. Interventions targeting sleep disturbance could improve people’s experience of their work environments. Likewise, interventions aiming to lower stress and increase the flexibility of work could reduce the impact of work on sleep, and thereby on health, contributing to a decent and sustainable working life.

Abstract [sv]

Sammanfattning

Arbete kan påverka sömnen både genom att minska tiden för återhämtning, och genom att arbetsrelaterad stress kan ge en försämrad sömnkvalitet. Sömnstörningar kan i sig minska motståndskraften mot stress, vilket riskerar att skapa en negativ spiral mellan arbete och sömn. 

Evidensen kring hur arbete, stress och sömn påverkar varandra över tid är bristfällig. Framför allt saknas studier om hur sömn kan påverka arbete samt större studier med objektiva sömnmått.

Avhandlingens syfte är därför att studera hur arbete, stress och sömn relaterar till varandra över tid, och effekternas riktning, där sömn mäts både med objektiva och självrapporterade mått. 

I de två första studierna användes Svenska Longitudinella studien Om Sociala förhållanden, arbetsliv och Hälsa (SLOSH) med självskattade mätningar vartannat år. Genom strukturell ekvationsmodellering (SEM) analyserade vi riktning av effekter mellan arbetsrelaterade faktorer (krav, kontroll, socialt stöd, stress, fysisk arbetsmiljö och arbetstider) och sömn över två år. I de två senare studierna användes data från den svenska Pensioneringsstudien, i vilken vi följt människor i övergången från arbete till pension och mätt deras sömn, arbetsrelaterade faktorer och hälsa. För att analysera hur arbete påverkade sömnlängd och sömnkvalitet använde vi oss av flernivåmodellering där vi jämförde deltagarna med sig själva, innan och efter pensionering. 

Vi fann att krav, kontroll, socialt stöd och upplevd stress var kopplat till självskattad sömnkvalitet över tid, i båda riktningar. Arbete kunde kopplas till tidigare uppstigande och 30 minuters kortare sömn per natt. Förbättringarna vi fann i självskattad sömn efter pension följdes inte av motsvarande förbättringar i sömn mätt med aktigrafi.

Avhandlingen visar på hur arbete, stress och sömn kan skapa en negativ spiral. I ljuset av detta skulle förbättringar av arbetsmiljö och arbetstider kunna minska stress, öka sömnlängden och förbättra sömnkvaliteten hos arbetande, samtidigt som insatser mot sömnproblem skulle kunna leda till en bättre upplevelse av arbetsmiljön – och tillsammans kunna bidra till ett anständigt och hållbart arbetsliv.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 2022. p. 85
Series
Stockholm Studies in Public Health Sciences, ISSN 2003-0061 ; 9
Keywords
insomnia, job stress, retirement, social jetlag, accelerometery
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Research subject
Public Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:su:diva-209735 (URN)978-91-8014-026-3 (ISBN)978-91-8014-027-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-11-10, lärosal 32, hus 4, Albano, Albanovägen 12, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-18 Created: 2022-09-26 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full text

Authority records

Åkerstedt, TorbjörnGarefelt, JohannaRichter, AnneWesterlund, HugoMagnusson Hanson, Linda L.Sverke, MagnusKecklund, Göran

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Åkerstedt, TorbjörnGarefelt, JohannaRichter, AnneWesterlund, HugoMagnusson Hanson, Linda L.Sverke, MagnusKecklund, Göran
By organisation
Stress Research InstituteDepartment of Psychology
In the same journal
Sleep
PsychologyNeurosciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 3570 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf