This booklet was written to share research results with farmers and practitioners in Tanzania. It gives a summary of the empirical material collected during three months of field work in the Mawala irrigation scheme (Kilimanjaro Region), and includes maps, tables and photos. It describes the history of the irrigation scheme, as well current irrigation and farming practices. It especially focuses on the different kinds of infrastructural improvement in the scheme (by farmers and the government), and the challenges that farmers face.

Most importantly, we found that:

• Water is not enough for the current area and cropping schedule, with the area increasing and water decreasing due to water weeds and increased water use by TPC.
• There are big inequalities in the scheme when it comes to water access, with the head-end benefiting more than the tail-end.
• The system of water fee collection is not fair and needs to be reconsidered to become more effective
• There are communication problems between the government and farmers leading to unnecessary disruptions in farming activities
• The current method of constructing small bits of the irrigation scheme at a time is disrupting farming activities and not leading to major improvements in irrigation practices
• Farmers' challenges are larger than only irrigation infrastructure, and more and better exentsion services could raise yields considerably

Kitabu hiki kimeandikwa ili kusambaza matokeo ya utafiti kwa wakulima na watendaji wa hapa Tanzania. Kitabu kinatoa muhtasari wa taarifa za utafiti zilizokusanywa katika miezi mitatu ya ukusanyaji taarifa katika skimu ya umwagiliaji ya Mawala (Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro), pamoja na ramani, majedwali na picha. Kitabu kinaelezea historia ya umwagiliaji katika eneo hili, ikiwa ni pamoja na umwagiliaji unaoendelea kufanyika sasa pamoja na shughuli za kilimo. Kitabu kinalenga mahususi kuainisha aina tofauti za uendelezaji wa miundombinu katika skimu (zilizofanywa na wakulima na zilizofanywa na serikali), na changamoto ambazo wakulima wanakabiliana nazo.

Mambo muhimu tuliyoyagundua ni:

• Maji hayatoshi kwa eneo lilopo na ratiba ya kilimo. Wakati eneo la kilimo linaongezeka, maji yanapungua kutokana na magugu maji na kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya maji ya TPC.
• Hakuna usawa kwa kiasi kikubwa katika skimu hasa inapokuja kwenye upatikanaji wa maji, walio mwanzoni mwa kichwa wananufaika zaidi kuliko walio mwishoni mwa mkia
• Mfumo wa kukusanya ada za maji sio wa haki na unahitaji kuangaliwa upya ili uwe na ufanisi zaidi.
• Kuna matatizo ya mawasiliano kati ya serikali na wakulima ambayo yanasababisha bughudha zisizo za lazima katika shughuli za kilimo.
• Mfumo wa sasa wa kujenga vipande vidogo vidogo vya skimu ya umwagiliaji kwa muda, unavuruga shughuli za kilimo na hauleti maboresho makubwa katika shughuli za umwagiliaji.
• Changamoto za wakulima ni kubwa kuliko miundombinu ya umwagiliaji. Huduma zaidi na bora za ushauri wa kilimo unaweza kuongeza mavuno kwa kiasi kikubwa zaidi.