As an important sector of national economy, the industrial sector accounts for 33.4% of gross domestic product while consuming 70% of energy and causing serious air pollution in China. It is meaningful to measure the productivity of industrial sector in China with air pollution consideration. The range-adjusted measure of the nonradial data envelopment analysis, as with natural disposability and managerial disposability, is adopted in order to measure the productivity of provincial industrial sector in China during 2011–2014. The results explain that the unified efficiency under managerial disposability is lower than the unified efficiency under natural disposability and the unified efficiency under natural and managerial disposability, which means that management improvement and technology innovation should be obtained more attention from the government. As modernization of economic restructuring, there is not a trend of unified efficiency under natural disposability. Eastern China has highest unified efficiency under managerial disposability, whereas unified efficiency under natural and managerial disposability are improving in eastern China and western China in period of 2013–2014. The results also describe that more than 20 provinces and nearly half of provinces are suitable for the industrial pollution control investment and research and development investment, respectively. On the basis of the results of the truncated regression model, we can identify the influencing factors of unified efficiency. According to above results, suggestions are proposed in order to improve the productivity.